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    A study on the expression of Glucose-regulated protein(Grp78) during murine embryogenesis

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    ์˜๊ณผํ•™/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] Hox ์œ ์ „์ž๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ƒ์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์ „์ž ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ์ฒ™์ถ”๋™๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๋ฌด์ฒ™์ถ”๋™๋ฌผ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ฐฐ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์‹œ ํŠน์ •์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ํŠน์ • ์œ„์น˜์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ˜„ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ชธํ†ต ์ „ใƒปํ›„ ์ถ•์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด master regulator ์œ ์ „์ž๋กœ์„œ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด Hox ์œ ์ „์ž๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ž์„ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐํ˜€์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœํ…Œ์˜ด ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด Hoxc8์˜ downstream target gene์œผ๋กœ ์ž ์ • ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ Grp78์ด ๋ฐฐ์ž ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ๊ณผ์ • ์ค‘ ์–ด๋Š ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๋˜ ๋ฐฐ์ž์˜ ์–ด๋Š ๋ถ€์œ„์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€๋ฅผ RT-PCR, in situ hybridization ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ , in vitro cell culture system์—์„œ Grp78์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ Hoxc8์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ง์ ‘ ์กฐ์ ˆ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์ง€๋ฅผ reporter-effector assay๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.Grp78์˜ ์‹œใƒป๊ณต๊ฐ„์  ๋ฐœํ˜„ ํŒจํ„ด์„ transcriptional level์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด, 11.5์ผ ๋ฐฐ์ž๋ฅผ ์ „ใƒปํ›„ ์ถ•์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 7๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆˆ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ 7.5์ผ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 17.5์ผ ๋ฐฐ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  RT-PCR๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ๋Š” Grp78์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฐœํ˜„๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋ฐฐ์ž์˜ ๋ชธํ†ต๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ํŒจํ„ด์ด Hoxc8์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.In situ hybridization ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ Grp78์ด ์‚ผ์ฐจ์›์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜๋Š” ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ฐฐ์ž์—์„œ Grp78์€ ํ›„์— ๊ธฐ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๋‚ด๋ฐฐ์—ฝ, ์ฒด์ ˆ(somite) ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ด€(neural tube)์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ƒํ”ผ์„ธํฌ(neuroepithelium cell)์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ํ›„๊ธฐ ๋ฐฐ์ž์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ„, ๋Š‘๊ณจ(rib)๊ณผ ์ฒ™์ถ”(vertebra)๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ณจ ๋ถ€๋ถ„, ํ์˜ cranial lobe ์•ˆ์— ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„, ํ„ฑ๋ฐ‘์ƒ˜(submandibular gland)๊ณผ ํ›„์‹ (metanephros)์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•„ ๊ธฐ๊ด€ํ˜•์„ฑ ์ค‘์— tissue-specificํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์˜ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ƒํ”ผ์„ธํฌ, ๋Š‘๊ณจ๊ณผ ์ฒ™์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ณจ ๋ถ€๋ถ„, ํ›„์‹ ์€ Hoxc8์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„๊ณผ ์ผ๋งฅ์ƒํ†ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ์„œ Hoxc8์ด ํ˜•ํƒœ ํ˜•์„ฑ ์‹œ์— ์„ธํฌ์˜ apoptosis์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ๋ฐ”๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ์œ ์ถ”ํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด, Grp78์ด Hoxc8์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ ์„ธํฌ์˜ apoptosis๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค.Grp78์ด Hoxc8์— ์˜ํ•ด ์กฐ์ ˆ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์ง€๋ฅผ in vitro ์ƒ์—์„œ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž ์ •์ ์ธ Hox์™€ cofactor binding site๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ Grp78 upstream ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ pGL2 promoter์— ํด๋กœ๋‹ํ•˜๊ณ , Hoxc8์˜ ์กด์žฌ ํ•˜์— ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ Hoxc8์— ์˜ํ•ด Grp78์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด control๋ณด๋‹ค 3๋ฐฐ ์ด์ƒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ siRNA๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ Hoxc8์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ์ €ํ•˜์‹œ์ผฐ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” Grp78์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋ฃจ์–ด ๋ณด์•„ Grp78์€ Hoxc8์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ ˆ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” Hoxc8 downstream target gene์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ]The Hox genes are key regulators for animal body pattern formation and are expressed position-specifically along the antero-posterior (A-P) body axis during early embryogenesis. Although the molecular analysis for the position-specific expression has well been studied, what Hox regulates -i.e., Hox downstream target genes are not clear yet.Previously, Grp78 has been discovered as one of the putative target genes of Hoxc8. Grp78, a member of a hsp70 family, is a highly conserved stress protein and functions as a molecular chaperone in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or in the cytosol. In order to see the stage-specific expression pattern of Grp78, mouse embryos from day 7.5 to 17.5 p.c. were isolated and total RNAs were purified . When RT-PCR was performed using Grp78 specific primers, periodic expression pattern was detected.Since the position-specific expression was clearly detected on day 11.5 p.c. in the case of Hoxc8, the region specific expression of Grp78 was also analyzed at this stage: total RNAs were isolated from the segments of the embryos along the A-P axis and RT-PCR was performed. Interestingly, the region-specific expression pattern was detected with a strong expression in the trunk part of the embryo.Using in situ hybridization, dynamic expression of Grp78 revealed that endoderm, somite and neuroepithelium cells of the neural tube in early embryos expressed Grp78. In the case of late embryos, Grp78 expression was detected in the liver, segmental bronchus within cranial lobe of lung, ossification center within the cartilage primordium of rib and vertebra, submandibular gland, as well as metanephros. These expression patterns are alike to those of Hoxc8 very much . Since Hoxc8 has been reported to be a regulator of apoptosis during organogenesis, it could be possible that the apoptotic function could have been conveyed through the expression of Grp78.In order to investigate the effect of Hoxc8 on Grp78 expression, reporter-effector assay was performed. When the effector Hoxc8 was present, the luciferase activity of the reporter (pGL2-ugrp78) containing the upstream sequence of Grp78 harboring putative Hox and Hox-cofactor binding sites was up-regulated. Whereas, pGL2-rugrp78 containing the upstream sequence of Grp78 in reverse orientation, and pGL2 promoter vector were not transactivated by Hoxc8. Furthermore the up-regulation of reporter (pGL2-ugrp78) expression in the presence of Hoxc8 was down-regulated when small interfering, siHoxc8 was treated. These results altogether indicate that Grp78 is one of the Hoxc8 downstream target genes.ope
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