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    ์ธ๋Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ํ›„๊ฐ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘ ํŒจํ„ด ๋ถ„์„

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ˜‘๋™๊ณผ์ • ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง์ „๊ณต, 2020. 8. ๋ฐ•ํƒœํ˜„.Human olfaction starts with selective binding of odorants to olfactory receptors (ORs) in nasal mucus. The combinatorial patterns of ORs stimulated by odorants are believed to decide the odor perception. The affinity between an OR and an odorous molecule is defined by their various molecular properties and other chemical aspects in a complicated manner. Thus, it is genuinely difficult to define which ORs an odorant will bind, and what description of smell the molecule will drive simply by considering their properties. In this study, odors of selected odorants were analyzed with an approach to the overall combinatorial patterns of 388 ORs instead of the individual OR responses. Visualization methods that represent an odor in terms of sensitivities and response levels of 388 human ORs to the odorous molecule were suggested and used to analyze and compare OR response patterns. Indole, methyl dihydrojasmonate and naphthalene were selected to compare OR response patterns. The perceived smell of indole differs by its concentrations. Indole at low concentration smells like jasmine, similar to the smell of methyl dihydrojasmonate. In contrast, the smell of indole at high concentration is perceived like mothball as naphthalene. Indole and methyl dihydrojasmonate are structurally distant, but indole and naphthalene are heterocyclic analogues that contain benzene ring(s). The response levels of ORs to each odorant were measured by a heterologous system established in Hana3A cells, which stably express accessory proteins that support robust cell surface expression of membrane proteins. The cAMP level increased by OR activation was measured using luciferase assay. The number of responsive ORs and response intensities to indole were positively correlated with indole concentration. Comparing the response patterns of three different odorants, ORs that recognize one or more than one of the odorants were found. The response intensities of responsive ORs showed greater similarities when the molecular structures of odorants were closer. There was a positive correlation between the perceived strength of the smell and the number of responsive ORs. Considering the protein similarity among same OR subfamily members, the OR response patterns were also analyzed at the subfamily level. Patterning of OR responses at the subfamily level was sufficient to distinguish and compare the OR response patterns of different odors. The number of common responsive subfamilies between odorants were much greater than that of the common responsive OR proteins. Increase of indole concentration led to higher similarity of response pattern with the pattern of naphthalene than that with methyl dihydrojasmonate. Even though there were some matching ORs and subfamilies between response patterns of similar odors, the patterns were very unique and distinguishable. These results show that the response of ORs to odorants is much more complicated and specific than what we actually interpret and perceive. This supports higher sensitivity and accuracy of OR based electrical devices to detect target chemicals than animal-based chemical detection. Because the visualization process excludes many natural mechanisms that occur in nasal mucus and neuronal systems, this encoding method for odors will allow objective recording of smell with least genetic and individual variations and contribute to standardization of olfaction and further understanding of the sense of smell.์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ›„๊ฐ์€ ์ฝ”์— ๋ฐœํ˜„๋œ ํ›„๊ฐ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์— ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ์„ ํƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ž๊ทน์ด ๋œ ํ›„๊ฐ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘ ์กฐํ•ฉ์€ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ์˜ ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง„๋‹ค. ํ›„๊ฐ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์™€ ๋ถ„์ž ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์ •๋„๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„์ž ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ™”ํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ํ•œ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ ๋ถ„์ž๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ํ›„๊ฐ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์— ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ•  ์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์–ด๋–ค ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๋กœ ์ธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋ ์ง€ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š”, ์„ ํƒ๋œ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ ๋ถ„์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 388๊ฐœ์˜ ํ›„๊ฐ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์˜ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฐ˜์‘ ํŒจํ„ด์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ ๋ถ„์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 388 ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ํ›„๊ฐ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์˜ ์ „์ฒด ๋ฐ˜์‘ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์ œ์•ˆ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ธ๋Œ, ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ ๋””ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋กœ ์ž์Šค๋ชจ๋„ค์ดํŠธ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜ํ”„ํƒˆ๋ Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ํ›„๊ฐ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ธ๋Œ์˜ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๋Š” ๋†๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ธ์ง€๋œ๋‹ค. ์ €๋†๋„์˜ ์ธ๋Œ์€ ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ ๋””ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋กœ ์ž์Šค๋ชจ๋„ค์ดํŠธ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ž์Šค๋ฏผ ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ณ ๋†๋„์˜ ์ธ๋Œ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๋Š” ๋‚˜ํ”„ํƒˆ๋ Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ข€์•ฝ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ธ๋Œ๊ณผ ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ ๋””ํžˆ๋“œ๋กœ ์ž๋ชจ๋„ค์ดํŠธ๋Š” ๋ถ„์ž ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์œ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ์ด ๋‚ฎ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ธ๋Œ๊ณผ ๋‚˜ํ”„ํƒˆ๋ Œ์€ ๋ฒค์   ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์ข… ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ ์œ ์‚ฌ์ฒด์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ›„๊ฐ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘ ์ •๋„๋Š” Hana3A ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ํ™•๋ฆฝ๋œ ์ด์ข… ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ธก์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ €, ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ํ›„๊ฐ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์˜ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜์™€ ๋ฐ˜์‘ ์ •๋„๋Š” ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋œ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ๋†๋„์™€ ๋น„๋ก€ํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ, 388๊ฐœ์˜ ํ›„๊ฐ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด ์ค‘, ๋‘๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์— ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ํ›„๊ฐ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ›„๊ฐ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘ ๊ฐ•๋„๋Š” ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ๋ถ„์ž ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šธ ๋•Œ ๋” ๋†’์€ ์œ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ๊ด€๋Šฅ์ ์ธ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„์™€ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ํ›„๊ฐ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์˜ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” ์–‘์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๋™์ผํ•œ ํ›„๊ฐ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด ์•„๊ณผ (subfamily) ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์› ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์œ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ, ํ›„๊ฐ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์˜ ์•„๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ํ›„๊ฐ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๋ฌผ์งˆ์— ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์•„๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ํ›„๊ฐ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์˜ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋งŽ์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ฌผ์งˆ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํŒจํ„ด ํŠน์ด์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ธ๋Œ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ ๋””ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋กœ ์ž์Šค๋ชจ๋„ค์ดํŠธ์™€์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋‚˜ํ”„ํƒˆ๋ Œ๊ณผ์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ์ด ๋” ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํ›„๊ฐ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์˜ ์•„๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘ ํŒจํ„ด ๋ถ„์„์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘ ํŒจํ„ด ๊ฐ„์— ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ํ›„๊ฐ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด ๋ฐ ์•„๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ›„๊ฐ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์˜ ํŒจํ„ด๋“ค์€ ํฐ ํŠน์ด์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ›„๊ฐ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ด€๋Šฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฌผ์งˆ ํƒ์ง€๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›„๊ฐ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฌผ์งˆ ํƒ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ๋„์™€ ์ •ํ™•์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜, ํ›„๊ฐ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์€ ์ฝ” ์ ์•ก์งˆ๊ณผ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ž์—ฐ์  ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ์˜ ์ฝ”๋“œํ™” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ์˜ ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๋ณ€์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ์˜ ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ํ›„๊ฐ์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™” ๋ฐ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ดํ•ด์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.1. Introduction 1 1.1. Human olfaction 1 1.1.1. Olfactory mechanism 1 1.1.2. Olfactory receptors and nomenclature 2 1.2. Visualization of OR response patterns 5 1.3. Luciferase assay 7 1.4. Indole 9 2. Methods and materials 10 2.1. Hana3A cell culture 10 2.2. OR gene cloning 11 2.3. Heterologous cell surface expression of ORs and confirmation 13 2.3.1. Transfection 13 2.3.2. Western blot 15 2.4. OR stimulation 16 2.5. Cytotoxicity of odorants 17 2.6. Measurement of OR responses 18 2.6.1. Selection of responsive ORs 18 2.6.2. Dose-response test 19 2.7. Visualization of OR response patterns 20 3. Results 23 3.1. Heterologous expression of ORs 23 3.2. Odorant cytotoxicity test 25 3.3. OR responses to indole 27 3.3.1. Selection of responsive ORs 27 3.3.2. Visualization 35 3.4. OR responses to methyl dihydrojasmonate and naphthalene 38 3.4.1. Selection of responsive ORs 38 3.4.2. Visualization 42 3.5. Pattern comparison 44 3.5.1. Overall pattern comparison 44 3.5.2. Comparison of responsive ORs 44 3.5.3. Comparison of responsive OR subfamilies 48 4. Discussion 52 4.1. Power-law distribution and inverse agonism 52 4.2. Strength of smell, the number of responsive ORs and response intensity 53 4.3. Intensity difference of a same OR to different odorants 54 4.4. Response patterns of OR subfamilies 54 4.5. OR response patterning 55 5. Conclusions 57 6. Reference 59 ์š”์•ฝ (๊ตญ๋ฌธ ์ดˆ๋ก) 64Maste

    Osteopontin might be involved in bone remodelling rather than in inflammation in ankylosing spondylitis

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    OBJECTIVES: To determine whether osteopontin (OPN) is increased in patients with AS and to investigate its relationship to inflammatory disease activity and bone remodelling process. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 30 patients with AS and 23 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. We assessed clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters including the ESR, CRP, lipid profiles, the Bath AS disease activity index (BASDAI) and the Bath AS radiographic index (BASRI). To evaluate bone metabolism, we tested ALP, OCN and C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I). Plasma levels of OPN, TNF-alpha and IL-6 were measured by ELISA, and mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was performed by RT-PCR. Changes in OPN level were also evaluated in eight patients after the treatment with a TNF-alpha blocker. RESULTS: Patients with AS had significantly higher plasma OPN, TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels and more mRNA expression than healthy controls. Plasma OPN levels were correlated with serum ALP, OCN and CTX-I levels, but not with ESR, CRP, lipid profiles, BASDAI or BASRI. Treatment with a TNF-alpha blocker did not alter OPN levels, although it reduced the disease activity. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with AS had higher levels of OPN compared with controls. The plasma OPN level was correlated with serum ALP, OCN and CTX-I levels, but not with disease activity in AS. OPN might be involved in bone remodelling rather than in inflammation in AS.ope

    Kikuchi-Fujimoto`s Disease with Adult Onset Still`s Disease

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    Kikuchi-Fujimoto`s disease (KFD), or histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis, is a rare benign and self-limiting disease. KFD are confused with systemic autoimmune disease as they present with localized lymphadenopathy, fever, fatigue, arthritis, leukopenia. Furthermore as KFD can occur associated with other autoimmune disease, we need to diagnose carefully. Here, we describe a case of 27-year-old female patient, diagnosed as KFD, who subsequently developed adult onset Still`s disesase (AOSD). As far as we know, this is the first case of KFD with AOSD in Korea.ope

    Spatial Variation of Fertility and Mortality and Its Change 1970-1990

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    In relation to spatial differentials which has been dealt with in geography literature, there is 'Divergence-convergence model' of fertility and mortality change in the field of population geography. 'Divergence-convergence model' expresses regional differentials of fertility and mortality diverge initially and converge eventually with fertility and mortality transition. But this simple framework of divergence and convergence has been criticized and modified in a number of ways. Therefore this paper examined whether 'Divergence-convergence model' of fertility and mortality is justitied for South Korea. In other words, this paper aims to how the spatial variation of fertility and mortality with fertility and mortality transition has changed and what is the geographical characteristics of spatial differentials. As the measures of ferti1ity and mortality, general fertality rate and standardized mortality rate is used and as the indicator of magnitude of spatial variation, coefficient of variation. The data sources for the number of births and deaths are 1980-1993 the vital statistics year books and the main research periods is every 5 years from 1970 to 1990. The research findings are as follows. In the analysis of fertility, First, the spatial variation became to increase at the similar time to fertility reduction and then decrease-increased. In other words, the regional differentials peaked in 1970, 1975 year and then decreased to 1985 year, 1990 increased again

    Ground Theory Approach to Find Out the Characteristics of Making Decision Process For Outbound Trip As Assemblage

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ง€๋ฆฌํ•™๊ณผ, 2021. 2. ์†์ •๋ ฌ.๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ํ•ด์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์˜ ์•„์ƒ๋ธ”๋ผ์ฃผ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฉด๋‹ด์‹œ์ ์—์„œ 6๊ฐœ์›”์ด ์ง€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€ ์—ฌํ–‰ 4๋ช…, ์—์–ดํ…” 1๋ช…, ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์ž์œ ์—ฌํ–‰ 12๋ช… ์ด 17๋ช…์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์˜ ์‹ฌ์ธต๋ฉด๋‹ด ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์งˆ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฏธ์‹œ ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์ด๋ก ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•œ ์•„์ƒ๋ธ”๋ผ์ฃผ์˜ ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ์˜ 5๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ(์„ )๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋…์  ๋ถ„์„๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹ค์ฒœ์  ์ง€์‹์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์„ธ๋ถ€์  ์—ฌ์ •์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์€ ์ˆ™์†Œ์™€์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์„ ํƒ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์•„์ƒ๋ธ”๋ผ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฐ ํ•ญ์€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์™€ ์ž์œจ์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์–ป์–ด์ง„ ์‹ค์ฒœ์  ์ง€์‹์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ „์ฒด ์—ฌํ–‰์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๊ด€๋œ ์›๋ฆฌ๋‚˜ ์กฐ์ง ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ชฉ์ ์ง€, ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ถŒ ํ‹ฐ์ผ“ํŒ…, ์ˆ™์†Œ, ์—ฌ์ •๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ•˜์œ„ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ๊ธฐ์ค€, ์›์น™ ๋“ฑ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ง€์‹๋„ ์•„์ƒ๋ธ”๋ผ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ ์ด๊ณ  โ€˜๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋“ค์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹คโ€™๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ์—์„œ ์–ป์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ํ•ด์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ์•„์ƒ๋ธ”๋ผ์ฃผ๋Š” ์‹ค์ฒœ์  ์ง€์‹์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๋‚˜ ์ง€์‹์„ ๋„์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ ํ•œ ๊ฑด๋„ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ์•„์ƒ๋ธ”๋ผ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฆ„์˜ ํŠน์ด์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ์„œ๋กœ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ฌ๋ž๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์›์ธ๊ณผ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ๋‹ค ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์š•๋ง์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์—ฌํ–‰์˜ ๋™๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ๋ชฉ์ , ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด๋‚˜ ์žฌ์ •์  ์ƒํ™ฉ, ๋™ํ–‰์ž์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์•„์ƒ๋ธ”๋ผ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ํฌ์ฐฉ๋œ ์‹ค์ฒœ์  ์ง€์‹์ด๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ํ•ด์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ ๋ชฉ์ ์ง€ ์„ ํƒ์˜ ์šฐ์„ ์„ฑ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ™๋ฐ•์‹œ์„ค ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์—ฌํ–‰ ๋™๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๋•Œ ๋˜๋Š” ํŠน๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ถŒ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ณด๋„ˆ์Šค ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ถŒ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ด์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ชฉ์ ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋˜์–ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์•„์ƒ๋ธ”๋ผ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ด์ข…์ ์ด๋‹ค๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ํš๋“๋œ ์ง€์‹์ด๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ถŒ์ด๋‚˜ ์ˆ™๋ฐ•์‹œ์„ค์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ๋•Œ ํฌ์ธํŠธ๋‚˜ ๋งˆ์ผ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์ ๋ฆฝ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์ƒํ’ˆ์„ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•˜๋Š” ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–‰๋™์ด ๊ณ ์ฐฉํ™”๋œ ๋ฉด์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์–ด์–ผ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ„๋“œ๋‚˜ ๋•ก์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํŠน๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ํ• ์ธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ… ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ƒํ’ˆ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์—์„œ ํ•œ ๊ฑธ์Œ ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ํŠน๊ฐ€๋‚˜ ํ• ์ธ ์ƒํ’ˆ์„ ํ•ด์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰์ƒํ’ˆ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋œ ์‹ ์šฉ์นด๋“œ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์žฌํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ๋”๋ธ” ํ• ์ธ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ƒํ’ˆ์„ ๊ฒฐ์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋น„ํŒจํ„ด์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ด์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ์—ฌํ–‰๊ฐ์€ ๋”์šฑ ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค๊ตฌ๊ฐ„ ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ถŒ์„ ๊ฒฐ์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ์ฒจ๋‹จ์˜ ์†Œ๋น„ํŒจํ„ด์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ์•„์ƒ๋ธ”๋ผ์ฃผ๋Š” โ€˜ํƒˆ์˜์—ญํ™”์™€ ์žฌ์˜์—ญํ™”์˜ ์—ญ๋™์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊นŠ์€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹คโ€™๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ธ์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์„ฏ์งธ, ํ•ด์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง€๊ธˆ์„ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์š•๋ง์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ž˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์š•๋ง์€ ์ƒ‰์„ฑํ–ฅ๋ฏธ์ด‰๋ฒ• ์ฆ‰ ๋ถˆ๊ต์—์„œ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์œก๊ฒฝ(๏ง‘ๅขƒ)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์š•๋ง์˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์š•๋ง์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์š•๋ง์˜ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ˆ™์†Œ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ทธ ์ˆ™์†Œ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋œ ์ „์ฒด๋กœ์„œ ๊ทธ ์ˆ™์†Œ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ˆ™์†Œ์˜ ํŠน์ • ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ์‹์ด๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ์นจ์‹ค์˜ ์นจ๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•จ์ด ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ด‰๊ฐ ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์˜์žฅ์ด๋‚˜ ์‹์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ์ƒ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์ด‰๊ฐ, ์‹œ๊ฐ, ๋ฏธ๊ฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์š•๋ง์„ ์ถฉ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ ์ˆ™์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์•„์ƒ๋ธ”๋ผ์ฃผ๋Š” ์š•๋ง์ ์ด๋‹ค๋ผ๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์ง€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ์„ฏ์งธ, ํ•ด์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ์•„์ƒ๋ธ”๋ผ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ œ5์žฅ ์ œ2์ ˆ์—์„œ ๋ฐํ˜€์ง„ ํ•ด์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„ ๋ชจํ˜•์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์„ (๋˜๋Š” ๊ณ„์—ด)์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํ•ด์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ์•„์ƒ๋ธ”๋ผ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์—ญ๋™์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ํ† ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ๋ชฉ์ ์ง€ ์„ ํƒ ์•„์ƒ๋ธ”๋ผ์ฃผ, ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ถŒ ๊ฒฐ์ • ์•„์ƒ๋ธ”๋ผ์ฃผ, ์ˆ™๋ฐ•์‹œ์„ค ์•„์ƒ๋ธ”๋ผ์ฃผ, ์—ฌ์ • ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์•„์ƒ๋ธ”๋ผ์ฃผ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ•˜์œ„ ์•„์ƒ๋ธ”๋ผ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ ๊ฐ์˜ ํ๋ฆ„๊ณผ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์ƒํ˜ธ ๋งž๋ฌผ๋ ค ์—ญ๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „์ฒด ํ•ด์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•จ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ •๋ถ€ ๋ฐ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์ž์น˜ ๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ์žฅ์†Œ ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ…, ๊ด€๊ด‘ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ƒํ’ˆ ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ…, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•ด์™ธ ์—ฌํ–‰๊ฐ์˜ ์—ฌํ–‰์ค€๋น„ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์ˆœํ™˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ํ•จ์˜๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.This thesis aims to find out the characteristics of making decision process for outbound trip as assemblage. The six characteristics were found out. First, the constitution of itinerary is associated critically with the accessibility to the location of accommodations. Second, there was no consistent decision making rule to penetrate the whole process. Third, there was no priority of the travel destination choice to the other travel decision making object such as airline ticketing or accommodation. Fourth, the traveler consumed smartly and fully using the promotion information of tourism company products such as having double discount by getting the discount for their credit card plus discounted airline ticket. Fifth, the travelers desire the part of place or product not entire. Finally, the dynamics of decision making works and the mechanism is figured out the [Figure 5-19]. The concept of assemblage appeared useful analytical tool to catch the practical knowledge about making decision process of outbound traveler for preparing trip. Ground theory was coupled well with the concept as a methodology.์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์  ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ‹€โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 1 (1) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์  ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 1 (2) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ‹€โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 10 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ์ž๋ฃŒโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 13 (1) ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก  โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 13 (2) ์งˆ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž ์„ ์ •โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 15 ์ œ2์žฅ ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ† โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 23 1. ๊ด€๊ด‘๋ชฉ์ ์ง€ ์„ ํƒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 23 (1) ์ •๋Ÿ‰์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 24 (2) ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ์งˆ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 32 2. ์•„์ƒ๋ธ”๋ผ์ฃผ ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 35 (1) ์•„์ƒ๋ธ”๋ผ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ฐ ํŠน์„ฑโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 35 (2) ์•„์ƒ๋ธ”๋ผ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ ๋ฐ ์œ ํ˜•โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 39 (3) ์ง€๋ฆฌโ€ค๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ถ„์•ผ ์•„์ƒ๋ธ”๋ผ์ฃผ ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 44 3. ๊ด€๊ด‘ํ•™๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์ด๋ก  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 47 4. ์†Œ๊ฒฐ โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 52 ์ œ3์žฅ ํ•ด์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰์˜ ์งˆ์  ์–‘์  ์ถ”์ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ œ๋„ โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 53 1. ํ•ด์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰์˜ ์–‘์  ์ถ”์ด โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 53 (1) ํ•ด์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰์˜ ๋Œ€์ค‘ํ™”โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 53 (2) ํ•ด์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ ๋Œ€์ค‘ํ™”์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 58 2. ํ•ด์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰์˜ ์งˆ์  ์ถ”์ด โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 65 (1) ํ•ด์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰์˜ ํƒˆ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ค‘์‹ฌํ™”โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 68 (2) ํ•ด์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰์˜ ๋‹ค๋ณ€ํ™”โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 69 3. ํ•ด์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ œ๋„ ๋ฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 77 (1) ์—ฌ๊ถŒ, ๋น„์ž โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 78 (2) ์ €๋น„์šฉํ•ญ๊ณต์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ตญ์ œ์„  ์ง„์ž… โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 83 (3) ์ฃผ5์ผ์ œ(์ฃผ5์ผ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์™€ ์ฃผ5์ผ ์ˆ˜์—…)โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 89 ์ œ4์žฅ ํ•ด์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ ํŠธ๋ Œ๋“œ ๋ฐ ํ•ด์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ํŠน์„ฑโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 92 1. ๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ํ•ด์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ ํŠธ๋ Œ๋“œ โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 93 (1) ๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ ๋งˆ์ด๋‹ โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 94 (2) ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์ˆ˜์ง‘, ์ •์ œ โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 96 (3) ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰์–ด์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์—ฐ๊ด€ ๋‹จ์–ด ๋นˆ๋„ โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 98 (4) ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 103 (5) CONCOR ๋ถ„์„โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 106 (6) ์†Œ๊ฒฐ โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 112 2. ํ•ด์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •ํŠน์„ฑ โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 117 (1) ํ•ด์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ ์œ ํ˜•๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ์ค€ โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 117 (2) ๊ฐ€์กฑ์—ฌํ–‰โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 126 (3) ๋‚˜ํ™€๋กœ์—ฌํ–‰โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 136 (4) ๋น„๊ฐ€์กฑ๋™ํ–‰(์นœ๊ตฌ ๋˜๋Š” ์ง€์ธ) ์—ฌํ–‰โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 142 (5) ์†Œ๊ฒฐโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 148 ์ œ5์žฅ ํ•ด์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์˜ ์•„์ƒ๋ธ”๋ผ์ฃผ์  ํŠน์„ฑ โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 150 1. ํ•ด์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ์•„์ƒ๋ธ”๋ผ์ฃผ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ฐจ์ดโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 150 (1) ํ•ด์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์˜ ์ฐจ์„œ(ๆฌกๅบ) โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 151 (2) ํ•ด์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ์•„์ƒ๋ธ”๋ผ์ฃผ โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 173 (3) ํ•ด์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ์•„์ƒ๋ธ”๋ผ์ฃผ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 184 2. ํ•ด์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ์•„์ƒ๋ธ”๋ผ์ฃผ์˜ ์—ญ๋™์„ฑ โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 188 (1) ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 189 (2) ํ•ด์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ์•„์ƒ๋ธ”๋ผ์ฃผ ์—ญ๋™์„ฑ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฐœ๋… โ€คโ€ค 192 (3) ํ•ด์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์˜ ์•„์ƒ๋ธ”๋ผ์ฃผ์  ์—ญ๋™์„ฑ ๋ฉ”์นด๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜ โ€ฆ 211 3. ์†Œ๊ฒฐโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 214 ์ œ6์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 216 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 220 Abstractโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 233Docto

    ๅ‡บ็”ฃ.ๆญปไบกๅŠ›์˜ ๅœฐ็†็š„ ๅทฎ็•ฐ์™€ ๊ทธ ่ฎŠๅŒ– : 1970~1990ๅนด์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธๅคงๅญธๆ ก ๅคงๅญธ้™ข :ๅœฐ็†ๅญธ็ง‘,1995.Maste
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