A Study on Design Condition for Dolphin Berth by Tanker Fleet Analysis

The issue of energy acquisition due to the increase of oil price is one of the most important issue and policy of every nation. Various tankers have been built in the world and sent to the trade market. It is necessary to build the port infrastructure and facilities to give them proper services such as mooring, packing, storing, and tranship, etc. However, The domestic guidelines or standards for design and construction for the dolphin berth among these facilities are out of date and do not meet the recent trend of tanker types. Therefore, it requires amendment on the guidelines or standards. In this study, a detailed analysis of the tanker fleet, covering 8,000 ships under operation and order to build, is made to estimate the proper PBL of each tanker class. After discussion and comparison on the dolphin berth design and construction code of various countries, those are the leading countries of tanker operation and management, suggestion to amend on the design code. The referred codes are of Korea, Japan, UK, USA, and Canada. In order to verify the deduced amendment on the domestic design code for dolphin berth, it was selected one of the domestic dolphin berth, located at the Yeosu oil terminal, which is almost completed to construct. The design criteria and expected tankers to moor in that terminal were analyzed and the appropriateness and countermeasure for deficiency were summarized as follows: 1) From the 8,000 tankers in operation in the worldwide trade, the trend of LOA, PBL, PBL/LOA under full loading condition, normal ballast condition and lightship condition with respect to DWT were deduced by the least square method to fit the curve. The estimated PBLs were 0.47L for full loading condition, 0.45 for normal ballast condition, and 0.32L for lightship condition, respectively. 2) In order to figure out the fore & aft mooring and breast line linking points of ship side on the design plan, the analyzed tankers' general arrangement drawings show that the fore & aft mooring winch are located at 3.7m~24.7m from the ship's edges and breast winch is located at 3m~5m from those winches. 3) Precaution is necessary to the PBL because it is varying depending on the cargo loading condition on the tankers. Under the normal ballast condition, PBL is 79∼98% of the full loading condition and the lightship condition gives PBL 50∼85% of the full loading condition. Therefore, the loading condition will change the mooring status at the breasting dolphins(B/D)and the limit of B/D interval will be changed, too. It is necessary to prepare for the shorten PBL with respect to the B/D intervals of each pier. 4) The interval of B/D in the design code taking account of the actual variation of geometry of the vessels to be berthed, from the trend of tanker type should be in the range of 0.3L ~ 0.5L as US code. The analysis of tanker fleet shows the PBL as 0.45L under the normal ballast condition. 5) The number of B/D is usually two and M/D is four to six, depending of the size of tanker. B/D interval should be such as to allow the smallest design tanker to be able to lie alongside with at least two dolphins in contact with the straight run of the hul (PBL). Where the range of tanker sizes is large, then provision of two sub B/D may be necessary. 6) The present design code for horizontal mooring line angles is proper for the tanker fleet mooring such that the angles between fore & aft lines and the vessel's should not be smaller than 30°~ 45°. The breast mooring line angles do not exceed 10° at M/D and the spring mooring line angles do not exceed 10° at B/D, too. 7) As per the analysis of the tanker fleets in the world trade service, the straight line defining the outline of the central part which accounts for about 3/4L and two curves defining the outline of the bow and stern parts which accounts for about 1/8L in the Korean and Japanese dolphin design codes need to be erased or amended as 1/2L of central part for the straight line and 1/4L of bow and stern parts for the curve.ABSTRACT i LIST OF TABLES vii LIST OF FIGURES xi 제1장 서론 1.1 연구의 배경 및 목적 1 1.2 연구의 내용 및 방법 7 제2장 돌핀부두의 구성과 안정성 2.1 돌핀부두의 구성 8 2.1.1 하역돌핀 10 2.1.2 접안돌핀 11 2.1.3 계류돌핀 12 2.1.4 도교 및 부대시설 13 2.1.5 수역시설 14 2.2 돌핀부두의 안정성 15 2.2.1 설계조건 검토 15 2.2.2 접안력 15 2.2.3 계류력 16 제3장 돌핀부두의 설계조건 비교 3.1 계류시설의 구조 기준 21 3.1.1 국내 설계 기준 21 3.1.2 일본 설계 기준 25 3.1.3 미국 설계 기준 27 3.1.4 영국 설계 기준 31 3.2 계류시설의 배치 기준 34 3.2.1 국내 및 일본 설계 기준 34 3.2.2 미국 설계 기준 39 3.2.3 영국 설계 기준 44 3.2.4 캐나다 설계 기준 46 3.2.5 OCIMF 및 MOTEMS 기준 49 3.3 설계기준의 요약 54 제4장 탱커의 추이와 부두의 실태 4.1 탱커의 추이 분석 55 4.1.1 실존 유조선의 분석 55 4.1.2 개별 DWT급에 대한 LOA, PBL, PBL/LOA 분석 58 4.1.3 DWT 급수별 LOA, PBL, BEAM, Draught 분석 60 4.1.4 선형 종합 분석 72 4.2 국내 돌핀부두의 실태 분석 73 4.2.1 돌핀부두의 검토 대상 73 4.2.2 국내 돌핀부두의 실태 79 제5장 돌핀부두 설계의 실증 분석 5.1 실증 분석 대상 시설 92 5.1.1 계류시설의 평면배치와 적용선박 92 5.1.2 설계부두의 접안돌핀 간격 검토 93 5.1.3 설계부두의 계류돌핀 계류각의 검토 100 5.2 부두 접안가능 선박 분석 128 5.2.1 부두 접안가능 최소선박의 분석 128 5.2.2 대상 부두에 대한 처리 방안 135 5.3 부두 설계의 혁신 방안 138 5.3.1 기존시설 보강 및 대책 138 5.3.2 L/Arm 편위의 검토 139 5.3.3 W/P의 규격조정 및 Sub B/D 설치안의 검토 143 제6장 결론 및 제언 6.1 종합 결론 148 6.2 실증분석을 통한 제언 150 참고 문헌 15

A 1-month-old infant with chylomicronemia due to GPIHBP1 gene mutation treated by plasmapheresis

Chylomicronemia is a severe type of hypertriglyceridemia characterized by chylomicron accumulation that arises from a genetic defect in intravascular lipolysis. It requires urgent and proper management, because serious cases can be accompanied by pancreatic necrosis or persistent multiple organ failure. We present the case of a 1-month-old infant with chylomicronemia treated by plasmapheresis. His chylomicronemia was discovered incidentally when lactescent plasma was noticed during routine blood sampling during a hospital admission for fever and irritability. Laboratory investigation revealed marked triglyceridemia (>5,000 mg/dL) with high chylomicron levels. We therefore decided to perform a therapeutic plasmapheresis to prevent acute pancreatitis. Sequence analysis revealed a homozygous novel mutation in exon 4 of GPIHBP1: c.476delG (p.Gly159Alafs). Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high density lipoprotein-binding protein 1 (GPIHBP1) stabilizes the binding of chylomicrons near lipoprotein lipase and supports lipolysis. Mutations of GPIHBP1, the most recently discovered gene, can lead to severe hyperlipidemia and are known to make up only 2% of the monogenic mutations associated with chylomicronemia. The patient maintains mild hypertriglyceridemia without rebound after single plasmapheresis and maintenance fibrate medication so far. Here, we report an infant with chylomicronemia due to GPIHBP1 mutation, successfully treated by plasmapheresis.ope

Insulin resistance and bone age advancement in girls with central precocious puberty

PURPOSE: Precocious puberty has significantly increased recently. While obesity is associated with puberty timing, the relationship between obesity and central precocious puberty (CPP) remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to determine whether insulin resistance is associated with bone age (BA) advancement in girls with CPP. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the records of 804 girls referred for puberty evaluation. Anthropometric measurements, BA, sex hormone, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and insulin levels, lipid profiles, and gonadotropin releasing hormone stimulation tests were assessed. Insulin resistance parameters were calculated using the homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) models. RESULTS: BA, BA advancement, free estradiol index, insulin, and HOMA-IR increased significantly in girls with high body mass index (BMI) compared with that of girls with low BMI in cases of CPP. HOMA-IR was positively correlated with BA advancement and BMI but negatively correlated with SHBG. QUICKI was negatively correlated with BA advancement and BMI and positively correlated with SHBG. When HOMA-IR increased by 1, the odds for BA advancement increased 120% after adjusting for age and BMI (P=0.033). CONCLUSIONS: Insulin resistance could be associated with BA advancement in girls with CPP.ope

원시생식세포 이식에 의한 이종간 키메라 생산연구

Thesis(doctors) --서울대학교 대학원 :농생명공학부(동물유전공학 전공), 2009.8.Docto

Concept learning strategy emphasizing social consensus during discussion: instructional effect and verbal interaction in small group discussion

학위논문(박사)--서울대학교 대학원 :과학교육과 화학전공,2000.Docto

Effects of Learners' Characteristicsz on their Responses to Anomalous Data

The effects of students' preconception, self-checking, and effort on their responses to anomalous data, the degree of cognitive conflict by anomalous data, and conceptual change in studying 'the conservation of mass during the change of states' were studied. A preconception test and a test of response to anomalous data were administered to 159 sixth graders. Among them, 81 students whose preconceptions were consistent with the presented initial theory were selected. Immediately after they had read a scientific explanation, their conceptual change were examined with a researcher-made conception test. The results indicated that students who had the preconceptions consistent with the initial theory exhibited more 'rejection' and less 'theory change' patterns than the others. Significantly more cognitive conflict was also induced for the students who had the preconceptions. More 'theory change' patterns were found for the low self-checking students, and less 'rejection' and more 'theory change' patterns were found for the students investing high effort. However, Mann-Whitney U test indicated no significant differences in the degree of cognitive conflict by the levels of self-checking and effort. In the conception test scores, there were no significant differences by students' preconceptions and by levels of self-checking and effort.본 연구는 서울대학교 사범대학 발전기금 지원으로 이루어졌음

High School Students' Views on the Relationship Between Science/Technology and Society, and on the Nature of Science

Among the three dimensions of scientific literacy, 'the relationship between science/technology and society' and the nature of science' have been less emphasized than the acquisition of scientific concepts'. The purpose of this study was to investigate high school students' views on these less emphasized dimensions. Ninety eight 11th-grade students were selected from the science track of two academic high schools, 98 from the nonscience track of the same two schools, and 90 from a science high school. In order to compare students' views, 16 items (8 items for each dimension) were selected from the VOSTS (Views on Science-Technology-Society), and administered in the middle of the second semester. The results indicated that there were no significant differences in students' views on the relationship between science/technology and society. However, in the item concerning 'the influence of science/technology on everyday life', science high school students had more positive views. Concerning the nature of science, science high school students' views were generally more epistemologic and realistic, whereas academic high school students' views were more naive and influenced by logical positivism. This trend was notable particularly in the item concerning 'the values in construction of scientific knowledge' and 'the nature of models'. Sciencism-naive realism, credulous experimentalism, blind idealism, and excessive rationalism-were representatives of these naive views. Educational implications are discussed.이 논문은 1996년 서울대학교 사범대학 발전기금의 지원에 의한 것임