A Study on Legal Characteristics of the Bareboat Charter-Hire Purchase

Shipbuilding requires a tremendous amount of money and generally takes 1~2 years. The completion of ship greatly depends on her type and size. For these reasons, a shipowner normally borrows money from a bank or raises funds from investors in capital market. Likewise, techniques for ship finance are various. In this paper, much deeper study is made on the Bareboat charter-hire purchase(BBCHP). Furthermore, legal characteristics of BBCHP are analyzed in detail. The reason is that BBCHP is greatly important in respect of ship finance. That is to say, BBCHP is one of the significant agreements in the context of ship finance. This BBCHP has been administratively introduced to Republic of Korea(Korea) since the late 1960s. At that time, the dealing of the used ships commenced according to growth and development of the shipping industry in Korea. Actually, this BBCHP has had significant influence on development of the shipping industry of Korea. But, it is not clear exactly what legal characteristic of BBCHP is and many arguments over legal characteristic of BBCHP have been advanced so far. Moreover, the corporate rehabilitation proceeding has commenced for the Hanjin shipping. The legal characteristic of BBCHP becomes a significant legal issue under the corporate rehabilitation proceeding. The shipping company’s fate will greatly change according to how to judge it. In this view. this paper, first, examines legal characteristic of BBCHP. Second, this paper analyzes how to handle BBCHP under the corporate rehabilitation proceeding. This paper may contribute to solving legal problems over BBCHP even though this dissertation is not perfect.목 차 Abstract 제1장 서 론 ................................................................................................ 1 제1절 연구 배경 및 목적 .......................................................................... 1 제2절 연구 방법 ......................................................................................... 3 제2장 선박금융과 선체용선계약 ................................................................. 5 제1절 선박금융의 개관 .............................................................................. 5 Ⅰ. 선박금융의 의의 .............................................................................. 5 Ⅱ. 선박금융의 특징 .............................................................................. 7 Ⅲ. 선박금융의 유형 .............................................................................. 9 Ⅳ. 선박금융의 기본구조 ..................................................................... 15 Ⅴ. 국내·외의 선박금융의 현황 ........................................................ 17 제2절 선체용선계약의 의의 .................................................................... 20 I. 선체용선계약의 의의 ...................................................................... 20 Ⅱ. 선체용선계약의 연혁 ..................................................................... 21 Ⅲ. 선체용선계약의 특징 ..................................................................... 23 Ⅳ. 선체용선계약의 법적성질 ............................................................. 26 제3절 선박금융과 BBCHP ........................................................................ 28 Ⅰ. 개관 ................................................................................................. 28 Ⅱ. 특수목적법인(SPC)의 설립 ............................................................. 30 Ⅲ. 국내의 BBCHP 현황 ....................................................................... 31 제3장 BBCHP의 법적성질 ......................................................................... 34 제1절 BBCHP의 의의 및 연혁 .............................................................. 34 Ⅰ. 의의 ............................................................................................... 34 Ⅱ. 연혁 ............................................................................................... 35 제2절 BBCHP의 법적성질 ......................................................................... 37 Ⅰ. 연불매매로 보는 견해 ................................................................. 38 Ⅱ. 금융리스계약으로 보는 견해 ...................................................... 39 Ⅲ. 소유권취득조건부 선박임대차계약이라고 보는 견해 ............... 41 Ⅳ. 리스계약과 소유권취득조건부 선박임대차계약의 비교 ........... 43 제3절 소결 ............................................................................................. 47 제4장 회생절차상의 BBCHP의 법적취급 ................................................ 48 제1절 해운회사의 회생절차에서의 법적 문제 .................................. 48 Ⅰ. 회생절차의 개관 ........................................................................ 48 Ⅱ. 법인격부인이론의 적용여부 ...................................................... 50 Ⅲ. 특수목적법인에 대한 회생절차 ................................................ 56 제2절 회생절차상 BBCHP의 법적취급 .............................................. 60 Ⅰ. 문제의 제기 ................................................................................ 60 Ⅱ. 소유권취득조건부 선박임대차계약설의 입장 .......................... 62 Ⅲ. 금융리스계약설의 입장 ............................................................. 63 Ⅳ. 연불매매설의 입장 .................................................................... 64 제3절 소결 ......................................................................................... 66 제5장 결 론 ............................................................................................. 68 참 고 문 헌 ............................................................................................. 70Maste

The incidence and prevalence of pterygium in South Korea: A 10-year population-based Korean cohort stud

Although numerous population-based studies have reported the prevalences and risk factors for pterygium, information regarding the incidence of pterygium is scarce. This population-based cohort study aimed to evaluate the South Korean incidence and prevalence of pterygium. We retrospectively obtained data from a nationally representative sample of 1,116,364 South Koreans in the Korea National Health Insurance Service National Sample Cohort (NHIS-NSC). The associated sociodemographic factors were evaluated using multivariable Cox regression analysis, and the hazard ratios and confidence intervals were calculated. Pterygium was defined based on the Korean Classification of Diseases code, and surgically removed pterygium was defined as cases that required surgical removal. We identified 21,465 pterygium cases and 8,338 surgically removed pterygium cases during the study period. The overall incidences were 2.1 per 1,000 person-years for pterygium and 0.8 per 1,000 person-years for surgically removed pterygium. Among subjects who were ≥40 years old, the incidences were 4.3 per 1,000 person-years for pterygium and 1.7 per 1,000 person-years for surgically removed pterygium. The overall prevalences were 1.9% for pterygium and 0.6% for surgically removed pterygium, and the prevalences increased to 3.8% for pterygium and 1.4% for surgically removed pterygium among subjects who were ≥40 years old. The incidences of pterygium decreased according to year. The incidence and prevalence of pterygium were highest among 60-79-year-old individuals. Increasing age, female sex, and living in a relatively rural area were associated with increased risks of pterygium and surgically removed pterygium in the multivariable Cox regression analysis. Our analyses of South Korean national insurance claims data revealed a decreasing trend in the incidence of pterygium during the study period.ope

Short-term Effect and Safety of a Single Intravitreal Brolucizumab in Refractory Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration

Purpose: To assess effect of brolucizumab in Korean patients, and also analyze incidence of intraocular inflammation (IOI) rate, clinical features, treatment and prognosis. Methods: We reviewed EMR chart of history of brolucizumab injection patients retrospectively in Severance Hospital. Total 101 eyes of 92 patients were included. Patients consist of 80 wet age-related macular degeneration (wAMD) and 21 polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). Demographic data, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), anatomical features as central macular thickness, subretinal fluid (SRF), intraretinal fluid (IRF), height of pigment epithelium detachment (PED) through optical coherence tomography, incidence of IOI and their clinical feature, treatment, prognosis were assessed. Results: BCVA and subfoveal choroidal thickness of patients showed no statistical significancy. Central macular thickness, IRF and PED height showed statistically significant effect in 1 month after injection. SRF was improved significantly during 2 months of follow up. In subgroup analysis of PCV group, BCVA, subfoveal choroidal thickness, IRF showed no statistical significance. Central macular thickness and SRF showed improvement throughout 2 months. PED height showed 1 month of statistically significant effectiveness. There were six cases (5.9%) of IOI in total 101 eyes of brolucizumab injection cases. One case (0.99%) among IOI patients showed non-occlusive vasculitis. There was no case of occlusive vasculitis in our study. All cases were resolved after steroid treatment, topical or combination of topical and subtenon injection. Conclusions: Intravitreal injection of brolucizumab in Korean wAMD patients and PCV subgroups refractory to other anti-VEGF showed effectiveness in central macular thickness, IRF, SRF, and PED height. Incidence of IOI was 5.9% and no case of severe visual acuity deterioration. All IOI cases were resolved after topical or subtenon triamcinolone injection.ope

Relationships of basal and stimulated, by a low dose of ACTH, levels of serum 17-Hydroxyprogesterone with those of serum androstenedione in young adult patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 의학과 소아과학전공, 2011.2. 양세원.Maste

The Effect of Immersion in RC-Prep on Cyclic Fatigue of ProFile Nickel-Titanium Files

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 치의학대학원 : 치의학과, 2015. 2. 이우철.니켈-타이타늄 (NiTi) 회전형 기구는 보다 효율적인 근관치료를 가능하게 해주는 아주 유용한 기구로 최근 높은 빈도로 사용되고 있다. 하지만 이 기구의 근관 내에서의 파절은 근관치료의 성공률을 감소시키는 요인으로 작용하기 때문에 이를 방지하기 위한 보조 술식으로 근관 내에 윤활제를 적용하여 치료과정을 수행하게 된다. 하지만 근관 내에서 파일에 적용시켜 사용하게 되는 이러한 윤활제가 파일의 형성 효율이나 피로파절에 미치는 영향에 대한 보고는 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서 근관 내 윤활제로 사용되는 RC-Prep 침윤이 NiTi 회전형 기구의 반복피로 (Cyclic Fatigue)로 인한 파절저항에 어떤 영향을 끼치는지 알아보았다. 사용하지 않은 새 파일과 임상에서 3회 이상 사용한 두 가지의 #35 .06 ProFile 을 각각 세 군으로 나누어 부가적인 처리를 하지 않은군 (대조군, n=3), RC-Prep에 30분 침윤시킨 군 (n=10), RC-Prep침윤 후 121℃에서 30분간 autoclave 고온고압 멸균 처리한 군 (n=10)으로 나누어 각각 반복피로파절 검사를 진행하였다. 내지름이 1.5mm이고 5mm 반지름에 60°굴곡을 가지는 인공 근관에 300rpm으로 반복운동을 실시하여 파일이 부러질 때까지의 시간과 부러진 파절편의 길이를 측정하였다. 소요된 시간을 이용해 number of cycles to failure (NCF)를 계산해서 통계분석을 진행하였다. 실험결과 각 군에 대해 반복피로파절의 유의미한 차이가 없었다 (P > .05). 부러진 파절편의 길이도 각 군 사이에 유의미한 차이가 발견되지 않았다 (P > .05). 결론적으로, 인공 만곡근관에서 ProFile NiTi 회전형 기구의 반복피로파절은 RC-Prep 침윤이나 고온고압멸균에 의해 유의미한 영향을 받지 않는 것을 알 수 있다.1. 서론 1 2. 재료 및 방법 4 3. 결과 6 4. 고찰 7 5. 참고문헌 10 Abstract 17Maste

한국인 여아에서 안드로겐 수용체 유전자 CAG 반복 길이와 남성 호르몬이 조기음모발생증에 미치는 영향

학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 의학과, 2015. 2. 양세원.Introduction: Because not all premature pubarche (PP) children exhibit increased androgen levels, the sensitivity of the pilosebaceous unit to the androgen receptor (AR) might influence the development of the condition. There are ethnic differences in the CAG repeat length in exon 1 of the AR gene, which exhibits an inverse relationship to AR sensitivityhowever, no Asian studies on PP have been reported, including Korea. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to examine the clinical and hormonal characteristics and AR CAG repeat length, and then assess their contributions to PP in Korean girls. Methods: Forty-eight subjects were enrolled and classified into three groups as follows: PP (16 girls), normal pubarche (NP, 16 girls), and normal controls (NC, 8 girls and 8 boys). Anthropometric measurements were collected, and the levels of the hormones, including dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), androstenedione (AD), and total testosterone (TT), were measured. Free testosterone (FT) levels and free androgen index (FAI) values were calculated using the TT and sex hormone-binding globulin data. X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) analysis was used to calculate methylation-weighted (MW) average CAG repeat lengths. Results: The median ages at diagnosis of pubarche were 7.4 years in the PP group and 8.9 years in the NP group. Anthropometric data and fasting glucose and insulin levels were similar among all three groups. The levels of 17-OHP, DHEAS, AD, FT, and FAI were similar in the PP and NP groups. The PP group exhibited a higher DHEAS:DHEA ratio than the NP group (P=0.014). The medians and interquartile ranges of the MW average CAG repeat length of the AR gene were 22.4 (21.3-23.3) for all subjects and did not differ among the PP (median, 22.3), NP (median, 22.4), and NC (median, 22.2) groups. The MW average CAG repeat lengths in the PP and NP groups did not correlate with DHEAS (r=-0.060, P=0.745) or FT (r=0.223, P=0.221) levels. The XCI proportion tended to be higher in the PP group (71.9%) than in the NP (65.6%) or NC (60.4%) groups, although it did not reach statistical significance (PP vs. NP, P=0.130PP vs. NC, P=0.490). Conclusions: The CAG repeat length of the AR gene was not involved in the development of PP in Korean girls. However, excessive adrenal androgen levels, particularly those caused by increased sulfotransferase activity, might be important in the pathogenesis of PP, although further work is required.Abstract i Contents iii List of tables iv List of figures v List of abbreviations vi Introduction 1 Material and Methods 4 Results 12 Discussion 28 References 37 Abstract in Korean 47 Acknowledgment 49Docto

α-AB펩토이드와 펩타이드의 정량적 세포질 흡수 비교 연구

MasterPeptidomimetics have been developed to overcome the shortcomings of peptides in drug discovery area. In particular, peptoids, oligomers of N-substituted glycines, provide enhanced cell permeability compared to peptides. However, peptoids lack conformational rigidity, which could lead to weak binding affinity toward biopolymers. Several strategies have been investigated to reduce the flexible nature of peptoids. Especially, α-Alkyl beta-peptoids (α-ABpeptoids) were reported to have characteristic CD spectra, implying to have ordered conformation. Besides this study, it was demonstrated that conformationally rigid molecules show improved cellular uptake. Although cell permeability is an important property for drug development, no systematic investigation of α-ABpeptoids was made. To validate the therapeutic potential of α-ABpeptoids, we made a quantitative evaluation of cell permeability of α-ABpeptoids and peptides. For uncharged oligomers, α-ABpeptoids showed enhanced cell permeability compared to peptide counterparts, regardless of their size and side chains. Of note, uncharged α-ABpeptoids displayed cytosolic abundance even better than the well-known cell penetrating peptide, polyR8, showing significance in cell permeability. Also, we studied cellular uptake mechanism α-ABpeptoid oligomers to determine the effect of net charge and size

Anterior nasal transposition of the inferior oblique muscle can cause antielevation syndrome

We present a case of acquired severe excyclotropia that occurred following multiple orbital wall fracture and traumatic superior oblique palsy in an 18-year-old man. The patient suffered from severe torsional diplopia in the right eye; double Maddox rod testing showed excylotorsion of 25°. After anterior nasal transposition of the right inferior oblique muscle, His subjective torsional diplopia improved; however, severe antielevation syndrome was noted after surgery.restrictio

Ten-year incidence and prevalence of clinically diagnosed blepharitis in South Korea: a nationwide population-based cohort study

IMPORTANCE: Blepharitis is one of the most common conditions. However, no study has yet evaluated the epidemiology by evaluating a large population-based sample. BACKGROUND: To evaluate the incidence and prevalence of clinically diagnosed blepharitis in South Korea. DESIGN: Nationwide population-based study. PARTICIPANTS: We investigated the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort, a representative one million-sample of the Korean population, for patients diagnosed with blepharitis according to the Korean Classification of Diseases. METHODS: Annual and overall incidence and prevalence of blepharitis during the study period (2004-2013) were estimated after excluding chronic blepharitis patients, diagnosed during 2002-2003. Sociodemographic factors and comorbidities associated with blepharitis were evaluated using Cox proportional hazard regression. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The first occurrence of blepharitis. RESULTS: A total of 1 116 363 individuals over 9 698 118 person-years were evaluated (mean follow up: 8.7 years) from 2004 to 2013. The overall incidence was 1.1 (95% confidence interval, 1.1-1.1) per 100 person-years. The incidence increased with time (0.9 vs. 1.3 per 100 person-years, in 2004 and 2013, respectively) and was higher in female patients (1.3 vs. 0.9 per 100 person-years, respectively). The overall prevalence was 8.1% (95% confidence interval: 8.0-8.1) among subjects aged 40 years or older. Chalazion, gastritis, Sjögren's syndrome, pterygium, rosacea, prostatic hypertrophy, atopy, irritable bowel disease and peptic ulcer were associated with an increased incidence of blepharitis in the multivariable Cox model. CONCLUSIONS: We found that blepharitis was a relatively common disease and is associated with various ocular and systemic conditions.restrictio

Retinal vessel structure measurement using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography

PURPOSE: To assess the reliability and validity of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) measurements of retinal vessel lumen diameters and wall thicknesses. METHODS: SD-OCT was used to characterize the circular region around the optic disc of 40 eyes (20 subjects). The inner and outer sides (vitreal and choroidal sides) of the vessel wall and the luminal diameter were measured using intensity graphs. RESULTS: Mean arterial and venous luminal diameters were 95.1±16.1 and 132.6±17.8 μm, respectively. The wall thicknesses of inner and outer sides of the artery were 23.9±4.9 and 21.2±3.5 μm, respectively. The wall thicknesses of the inner and outer sides of the vein were 20.7±4.2 and 16.3±4.3 μm, respectively. There were significant differences between the inner and outer wall thicknesses in both the artery and vein (P0.95, and for wall thicknesses were >0.85, except for the outer wall thickness measurements. The mean value of outer and inner wall thicknesses showed good reproducibility, with ICCs of >0.85. CONCLUSION: Intensity graph-assisted measurements using SD-OCT provided more objective information in finding boundaries of vessels. Luminal diameters and wall thicknesses obtained with OCT showed good overall reproducibility, with inner wall thicknesses being thicker, and with better reproducibility compared with outer wall thicknesses, where ICC values were the lowest among the inner wall thicknesses, mean thicknesses of inner and outer walls, and luminal diameters. When using SD-OCT measurements, caution is therefore advised when using only the outer wall as representative of the wall thicknesses.restrictio