(A) Study on Robert Schumann's Fantasiestu¨cke, Op.12

Robert Schumann, one of the outstanding romantic composers of the 19th century, tried to connect music and literature under the influence of romantic literature, and set character pieces that seems to be the characteristic of romantic music in the right direction. The piano dominate Schumann's creative activity between 1828 and 1839,most of his essential musical characteristics are revealed in his piano music. Among these character pieces, the writer analyzed Fantasiestu¨cke, op.12 that reveals his individuality, in terms of the musical elements such as form, melody, rhythm, harmony and tonality. The results of analysis are as follows: 1. Each piece of this work, which expresses contrasting atmosphere, has binary or ternary form. But some has exceptions, that is, No.2 is seven part rondo form and No.4 is sonata-rondo form. 2. The themes are motivic, but the phrases are largerly composed of four measures and it progresses in order, and also, there are many repeated phrases and periods written canonically. 3. Patterns of dotted rhythm, syncopation and cross rhythm are shown abundantly in these pieces. 4.In harmony, various altered chords and diminished seventh chords are used for expression of his emotion, and non-harmonic tones on the accented beats or at the very opening occur frequently. Changes of tonality occur frequently and modulation to the mediant or subdominant key and mutation are noticeable.;19세기 낭만주의 음악을 대표하는 작곡가의 한사람인 Robert Schumann (1830~1856)은 일찌기 낭만문학의 영향을 받아 음악과 문학과의 새로운 연결을 시도하였다. 또한 그는 낭만음악의 특징이라고 볼 수 있는 성격적 소품(character piece)을 궤도에 올려놓음으로써 19세기 낭만주의 음악에 선구적 역할을 하였다. 슈만의 자질은 그의 피아노 음악에서 가장 잘 발휘되는데, 그의 가장 뛰어나고 독창적인 작품은 1828~1839년 사이에 쓰여진 20여곡의 성격적 소품(character piece)이다. 본 논문에서는 그의 개성이 가장 잘 드러난 character piece 중의 하나인 환상 소곡집(Fantasiestu¨cke, op. 12)을 형식, 선율, 리듬, 화성, 조성등의 요소별로 분석·고찰하였다. 그 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻게 되었다. 첫째, 서로 대비되는 분위기 묘사곡으로 구성된 이 작품의 각 곡은 2부분 또는 3부분형식으로 되어있다. 그러나 예외도 있다. 즉, 2번은 7부분 론도형식이며 4번은 소나타-론도형식이다. 둘째, 선율은 모티브적이며 전개되기 보다는 반복되는 경향이다. 대부분 4마디 악구로 구성되며 순차진행한다. 셋째, 리듬은 슈만 특유의 붓점리듬, 당김음, 교차리듬 등이 많이 나타난다. 네째, 화성은 그 자신의 감정표현을 위해 다양한 변화화음과 감7화음이 사용되어 곡의 각 부분은 Ⅴ(dominant)와 Ⅳ(subdominant), 관계장·단조로의 전조외에 Ⅲ(mediant)로의 전조가 일어나며 Mutation으로의 전조도 나타난다. 이와같이 이 곡은 슈만의 특징적인 기법이 잘 나타난 훌륭한 작품이라고 하겠다.목차 = ⅲ 논문개요 = ⅳ Ⅰ. 서론 = 1 Ⅱ. Fantasiestu¨cke, op. 12 분석 = 4 Ⅲ. 결론 = 50 참고문헌 = 52 ABSTRACT = 5

(The)Effect of significant others on the intention of pro-environmental behavior

학위논문(석사) --서울대학교 대학원 :협동과정 환경교육전공,2007.Maste

Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes in Paralichthys olivaceus during Hibernation using Proteomics analysis.

본 연구에서는 생물의 동면생리를 규명하기 위한 첫 단계로서, 인공적으로 동면이 유도된 넙치에서 발현이 증가되는 유전자를 분석하였다. 동면이 유도된 넙치의 뇌 조직에서 단백질을 추출한 후 2차원 전기영동을 실시하여 발현 양상이 달라지는 130여 개의 단백질을 확인 하였다. 그 중 동면전과 비교해서 동면 후에 더 높은 발현양상을 보이는 45개의 단백질을 선정하여 MALDI-TOF/TOF로 분석을 수행하였다. 45개 단백질 중 아미노산시퀀스를 이용하여 단백질 데이터 분석을 한 결과, 37개의 단백질 종류를 확인 하였다. 그 중에는 포유류 생물에서 정상적으로 동면이 일어났을 때 높게 발현되는 fatty acid-binding protein, Serotransferrin 등이 포함되어 있었다. 이러한 연구는 동면생물생리학 연구에 기초자료를 제공하고, 나아가 저온생물산업과 의학 산업에까지 적용 될 수 있다.2

Two Distinct Mitochondrial Genealogies and their Divergence Rate in the Sea Urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius

The sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius (A. Agassiz, 1863) is an ecologically and economically important species inhabiting the shallow water hard substrates in the northwest Pacific including the East Sea. In this study we attempted to analyze the genetic structure of the sea urchin with samples from Jumunjin, east coast of Korea using mitochondrial DNA sequences. First, a total of 20 individuals were analyzed for their COI sequences, which resulted in 10 haplotypes. Phylogenetic tree of the haplotypes showed that there are two genetic groups. These two genealogies in S. intermedius were also found sympatrically in the northern part of the East Sea near Primorye, Russia. Secondly, the whole mitochondria genomes of the two haplo-groups were sequenced and compared gene by gene for examination of the divergence rate. Nucleotide sequence divergence was the highest in the ND5 gene of about 1.7% per site and the lowest in the ATP8 gene which showed no nucleotide substitution. Among the 13 coding genes, amino acid changing nucleotide substitution occurred only in ND1 (1 substitution), ND2 (2), ATP6 (1), ND4 (3), and ND5 (8). This study will help understand what kind of selection is acting on the evolution of the sea urchin mitochondrial DNA, and how long this polymorphism have been maintained in the S. intermedius species.ted to analyze the genetic structure of the sea urchin with samples from Jumunjin, east coast of Korea using mitochondrial DNA sequences. First, a total of 20 individuals were analyzed for their COI sequences, which resulted in 10 haplotypes. Phylogenetic tree of the haplotypes showed that there are two genetic groups. These two genealogies in S. intermedius were also found sympatrically in the northern part of the East Sea near Primorye, Russia. Secondly, the whole mitochondria genomes of the two haplo-groups were sequenced and compared gene by gene for examination of the divergence rate. Nucleotide sequence2

Identification of differentially expressed genes for artificially hibernated olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus.

In order to understand the physiological change in an artificially hibernated olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, we first investigated the genes associated with the artificial hibernation. Change of the expressed genes in the brain tissue of the artificially hibernated olive flounder was examined using RNA-seq technology and DEGseq R package and then gene ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis was performed. A total of 915 differentially expressed genes including 468 up-regulated and 447 down-regulated genes (P-value <0.001) were identified. The GO of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed 45 significantly enriched GO terms (indicating up and down regulated genes), most of which were associated with protein binding, synaptic transmission, and transcription factor activity. These genes are to be charactered further for function and involvement in the mechanisms of hibernation physiology. tissue of the artificially hibernated olive flounder was examined using RNA-seq technology and DEGseq R package and then gene ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis was performed. A total of 915 differentially expressed genes including 468 up-regulated and 447 down-regulated genes (P-value <0.001) were identified. The GO of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed 45 significantly enriched GO terms (indicating up and down regulated genes), most of which were associated with protein binding, synaptic transmission, and transcription factor activity. These genes are to be charactered further for function and involvement in the mechanisms of hibernation physiology.2

identification of specifically expressed genes from artificially hibernated olive flounder

본 연구는 생물의 동면생리 기작을 규명하고자 인공동면이 유도된 넙치(Olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus)를 실험모델로 이용하여 동면 후에 발현이 증가되는 유전자를 분석하기 위해 수행되었다. 인공동면 유도에 따라 넙치 뇌조직에서 발현이 변화되는 유전자를 인공동면 유도 전과 후의 EST시퀀스를 분석하여 비교하였다. EST시퀀스는 GS-454 FLX sequencing방법으로 분석하여 ESTs read 439,511개(동면 전)와 404,820개(동면 후)를 확보하였다. 동면 전 대조군과 동면 후 실험군의 ESTs read 수의 차이를 비교하여 유전자 발현 변화를 살펴 본 결과, 전사인자인 c-fos와 junB가 각각 1.2배, 2.9배 증가하였고, hypoxia-inducible factor, protein kinase C, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase도 발현량이 증가하였다. 포유류의 동면 중에 감소하는 것으로 알려진 elongation factor2는 감소하였다. 동면 후 발현이 증가한 유전자, c-fos와 감소한 유전자인 elongation factor2를 real-time PCR로 발현량의 변화를 정량적으로 확인하였다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 동면 후 실험군에서 발현이 현저하게 증가하는 것으로 확인된 유전자들은 동면 중인 포유류나 양서류에서도 발현이 증가하는 유전자로서, 인공적으로 동면이 유도된 넙치가 동면생물과 생리학적으로 매우 유사한 상태임을 확인하였다. 이러한 연구 결과는 넙치가 동면 메커니즘 연구를 위한 좋은 실험모델이 될 수 있음을 시사한다. 인공동면 시 넙치에서 발현이 변화되는 유전자는 동면생물생리학의 주요 연구대상이 될 것이며, 나아가 저온생물산업과 의학산업에 활용될 수 있을 것이다.2

Identification of differentially expressed genes for artificially hibernated olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus.

In order to understand the physiological change in an artificially hibernated olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, we first investigated the genes associated with the artificial hibernation. Change of the expressed genes in the brain tissue of the artificially hibernated olive flounder was examined using RNA-seq technology and DEGseq R package and then gene ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis was performed. A total of 915 differentially expressed genes including 468 up-regulated and 447 down-regulated genes (P-value <0.001) were identified. The GO of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed 45 significantly enriched GO terms (indicating up and down regulated genes), most of which were associated with protein binding, synaptic transmission, and transcription factor activity. These genes are to be charactered further for function and involvement in the mechanisms of hibernation physiology. tissue of the artificially hibernated olive flounder was examined using RNA-seq technology and DEGseq R package and then gene ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis was performed. A total of 915 differentially expressed genes including 468 up-regulated and 447 down-regulated genes (P-value <0.001) were identified. The GO of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed 45 significantly enriched GO terms (indicating up and down regulated genes), most of which were associated with protein binding, synaptic transmission, and transcription factor activity. These genes are to be charactered further for function and involvement in the mechanisms of hibernation physiology.2

Molecular and biochemical characterization on the artificial hibernation

The aim of this study was to understand the molecular and physiological changes in an artificially hibernated olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. At first, biochemical properties of artificially hibernated organism were examined through blood analysis. Serum glucose and triglyceride were significantly increased (p 0.05). Then the genes associated with the artificial hibernation were investigated with the brain tissue using RNA-seq technology. Change of the expressed genes was examined with DEGseq R package, and gene ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis. A total of 915 differentially expressed genes including 468 up-regulated and 447 down-regulated genes (p 0.05). Then the genes associated with the artificial hibernation were investigated with the brain tissue using RNA-seq technology. Change of the expressed genes was examined with DEGseq R package, and gene ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis. A total of 915 differentially expressed genes including 468 up-regulated and 447 down-regulated genes (p < 0.001) were identified.2

Molecular and biochemical characterization on the artificial hibernation

The aim of this study was to understand the molecular and physiological changes in an artificially hibernated olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. At first, biochemical properties of artificially hibernated organism were examined through blood analysis. Serum glucose and triglyceride were significantly increased (p &lt; 0.05) during hibernation, while alkaline phosphate (ALP) and glutamic-pyruvic transminase (GPT) had no significant change (p &gt; 0.05). Then the genes associated with the artificial hibernation were investigated with the brain tissue using RNA-seq technology. Change of the expressed genes was examined with DEGseq R package, and gene ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis. A total of 915 differentially expressed genes including 468 up-regulated and 447 down-regulated genes (p &lt; 0.001) were identified. The GO of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed 45 significantly enriched GO terms indicating up and down regulation of genes, most of which were associated with protein binding, transcription factor activity, transcription factor complex, and sequence-specific DNA binding. Several genes such as intestinal fatty acid binding protein (IF), period 4, and somatolactin (SL) showed significant change in the expression level. For IF and SL, the change of expression level was quantitatively confirmed by the real time PCR.ough blood analysis. Serum glucose and triglyceride were significantly increased (p &lt; 0.05) during hibernation, while alkaline phosphate (ALP) and glutamic-pyruvic transminase (GPT) had no significant change (p &gt; 0.05). Then the genes associated with the artificial hibernation were investigated with the brain tissue using RNA-seq technology. Change of the expressed genes was examined with DEGseq R package, and gene ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis. A total of 915 differentially expressed genes including 468 up-regulated and 447 down-regulated genes (p &lt; 0.001) were identified.2