3 research outputs found
μ±μμΈν¬μ λ¨μ±μμμΈν¬μ λΆν κ³Όμ μμ Cep215μ κΈ°λ₯μ κ΄ν μ°κ΅¬
νμλ
Όλ¬Έ(λ°μ¬) -- μμΈλνκ΅λνμ : μμ°κ³Όνλν μλͺ
κ³ΌνλΆ, 2022. 8. μ΄κ±΄μ.μ€μ¬μ²΄λ λλΆλΆμ λλ¬ΌμΈν¬μ 보쑴λμ΄ μλ μΈν¬ μκΈ°κ΄μΌλ‘ μ£Όλ‘ λ―ΈμΈμκ΄ νμ± μ€μ¬μΌλ‘μ μν μ νλ€. μ€μ¬μ²΄λ λ€μν μΈν¬ νλμ κ΄μ¬νκ³ μλλ°, κ°μ₯ λνμ μΈ μν μ μΈν¬μ λͺ¨μ νμ±, μΈν¬ λΆμ΄, μΌμ°¨ μ¬λͺ¨ νμ± λ±μ΄λ€. μ€μ¬μ²΄λ λ μ’
λ₯μ μ€μ¬λ¦½κ³Ό κ·Έ μ£Όλ³μ λλ¬ μΈκ³ μλ λ¨λ°±μ§ λ©μ΄λ¦¬μΈ pericentriolar material (PCM) μΌλ‘ μ΄λ£¨μ΄μ Έ μλ€. κ·Έ μ€ Cep215λ PCMμ 골격λ¨λ°±μ§λ‘μ λ€λ₯Έ PCM λ¨λ°±μ§λ€μ΄ μ λͺ¨μΌ μ μλλ‘ ν΄μ£Όλ μν μ νκ³ μμΌλ©°, νΉν, μ€μ¬μ²΄μμ λ―ΈμΈμκ΄μ΄ μλΌλ μ μκ² νλλ° μμ΄μ νμμ μΈ κ°λ§ νλΆλ¦°μ μ€μ¬μ²΄λ‘ λμ΄μ€λ μν μ νκ³ μλ€. Cep215λ μ€μ¬μ²΄λΏλ§ μλλΌ κ³¨μ§ λ±μλ μ‘΄μ¬νκ³ μμΌλ©° Cep215κ° μμΉνλ μΈν¬ μκΈ°κ΄μμ λ―ΈμΈμκ΄μ λ»μ΄λ΄κ² λ§λ€μ΄μ£Όλ λ₯λ ₯μ κ°μ§κ³ μλ€. μ΄λ¬ν Cep215μ μν μ λΆμ΄νλ 체μΈν¬λ₯Ό μ΄μ©νμ¬ μ£Όλ‘ μ°κ΅¬κ° λμ΄ μμΌλ©°, νΉμ μ₯κΈ° νμ± κ³Όμ μμμ Cep215 μν μ μλμ μΌλ‘ μ μλ €μ§μ§ μμλ€. λ³ΈμΈμ λ°μ¬νμ κ³Όμ λμ λμ μ μ λ°μ κ³Όμ μμ Cep215μ μν μ λν΄ μ°κ΅¬λ₯Ό μννλ€.
μ 1μ₯μμλ λ°°μμμ’
μΈν¬μμ μ λν P19 μΈν¬μ μμ₯ νμλ‘λΆν° μ΄λ λ°°μν ν΄λ§ μ λ μΈν¬λ₯Ό μ΄μ©νμ¬ μ±μμΈν¬μ λΆνκ³Όμ μμ Cep215μ μ€μμ±μ νμΈνμλ€. Cep215λ μ±μμΈν¬μ μ€μ¬μ²΄λΏλ§ μλλΌ μΈν¬μ§, νΉν κ°μ§μμλ κ΄μ°°λμλ€. P19 μΈν¬μμ Cep215 μ μ μλ₯Ό μμ ν μμ€ κ²°μ€μΈν¬μ£Όλ μ±μμΈν¬λ‘μ λΆνκ° μ νλκ³ , κ°μ§λ₯Ό νμ±νμ§ λͺ»νμ¬ μ±μμΈν¬ νΉμ μ μΈν¬ λͺ¨μμ νμ±νμ§ λͺ»νλ€. νμ§λ§ Cep215 κ²°μ€μΈν¬μ£Όλ μ κ²½μΈν¬λ‘μ λΆν, μΈν¬μ λΆμ΄ λ₯λ ₯, μΈν¬ μ΄λͺ
κ²°μ μλ μν₯μ λ―ΈμΉμ§ μμλ€. Cep215λ λ―ΈμΈμκ΄ νμ±μ ν΅ν΄μ μ±μμΈν¬μ κ°μ§ νμ±μ μ΄μ§νλ€λ κ²μ νμΈνμλ€. μ΄λ¬ν κ²°κ³Όλ€μ ν λλ‘ μ±μμΈν¬ λΆν κ³Όμ μμ Cep215κ° λ―ΈμΈμκ΄νμ±μ μ‘°μ ν¨μΌλ‘μ¨ μ±μμΈν¬μ ννλ₯Ό νμ±νλ€λ κ²μ νμΈνμλ€.
μ 2μ₯μμλ Cep215 κ²°μ€ μμ₯λ₯Ό μ΄μ©νμ¬ Cep215κ° λ¨μ±μμμΈν¬μ λ°μμ λ―ΈμΉλ μν₯μ νμΈνμλ€. Cep215 μ μ μλ₯Ό μμ ν μ κ±°νκΈ° μν΄μ 첫λ²μ§Έμ λ§μ§λ§ μΈνΈλ‘ μ νκ²ν
νλ μ λ΅μ μ΄μ©νμ¬ κ²°μ€μ μ λνμλ€. μ΄λ κ² μ μν Cep215 κ²°μ€ μμ₯λ₯Ό μ΄μ©νμ¬ λ€μν μ₯κΈ°μμ 보μ΄λ νννμ κ΄μ°°νμλ€. Cep215 κ²°μ€ μμ₯λ μ΄μ λ³΄κ³ λ Cep215 λμ°λ³μ΄ μμ₯μ λ§μ°¬κ°μ§λ‘ μλμ¦κ³Ό κ°μ νννμ 보μμΌλ©°, μΌμν μμ₯μ λΉκ΅νμ λ, μμ ν¬κΈ°μ μ μλ₯Ό κ°μ§λ κ²μΌλ‘ 보μ λ¨μ±μμμΈν¬μ λ°μμ λ¬Έμ κ° μλ€λ κ²μ νμΈνμλ€. μ€μ λ‘ Cep215 κ²°μ€ μμ₯μ μ μμλ κ°μλΆμ΄ μ΄νμ κ΄μ°°λλ μμμΈν¬λ€μ΄ μ ν κ΄μ°°λμ§ μμλ€. μ΄ κ²°μ€ μμ₯μμ μΌμ΄λλ κ°μλΆμ΄ κ³Όμ μ μ΄κΈ°μ ν΄λΉνλ prophase I κ³Όμ μμ λ©μΆλ κ²μ νμΈνμκ³ , μ΄ μ λͺ¨μΈν¬λ€μ μΈν¬ μ¬λ©Έμ μ·¨μ½νλ€λ κ²μ νμΈνμλ€. ν₯λ―Έλ‘κ²λ, Cep215 κ²°μ€ μμ₯μ λ€μν λ¨μ±μμμΈν¬μμ μ€μ¬μ²΄κ° μ νμ±λμ΄ μλ€λ κ²μ νμΈνμκ³ , μ΄λ₯Ό ν΅ν΄μ μ΄ κ²°μ€ μμ₯μμ 보μ΄λ νννμ΄ μ€μ¬μ²΄μ κ²°ν¨μ μν΄μ μ λλ κ²μ΄ μλ μλ μλ€λ κ²μ νμΈνμλ€. λμ μ sertoli μΈν¬μ μν΄ νμ±λλ νμ‘-κ³ ν μ₯λ²½μ΄ μ λλ‘ νμ±λμ΄ μμ§μκ³ , μμμΈν¬λΌλ¦¬ μ°κ²°μμΌμ£Όλ μΈν¬κ°κ²°ν©μ²΄μ νμ±μ΄ κ°μλμ΄ μλ€λ κ²μ νμΈνμλ€. μ΄λ¬ν κ²°κ³Όλ€μ ν λλ‘ λ³ΈμΈμ Cep215 κ²°μ€ μμ₯μ μ μμμ μ λλ‘ νμ±λμ§ μμ μ μμ ꡬ쑰μ μΈ νκ²½μ΄ μ΄λ μ λ λ¨μ±μμμΈν¬μ λ°μμ μν₯μ λ―ΈμΉ μ μλ€λ κ²μ νμΈνμλ€. Cep215λ μ£Όλ‘ μ€μ¬μ²΄μμ λ―ΈμΈμκ΄μ νμ±νλλ° μ€μν μν μ νκΈ° λλ¬Έμ, Cep215κ° κ²°μ€λμ΄ λνλλ νννμ΄ μ΄λ κ² λ€μν λ°©μμ ν΅ν΄μ λνλλ€λ κ²μ΄ μμ£Ό ν₯λ―Έλ‘μ΄ κ²°κ³Όμλ€. μ΄ μ°κ΅¬λ μ€μ¬μ²΄ λ¨λ°±μ§μ μ¬μν λ³νλ‘ μΈν΄ μΌλ§λ λ€μν μΈν¬ νλμ΄ μ‘°μ λ μ μλμ§ μ μνμλ€.Centrosome is a subcellular organelle that functions as a microtubule organizing center in animal cells. Centrosomes play roles in several cellular processes, such as cell morphogenesis, mitosis, and cilia formation. A centrosome consists of a pair of centrioles surrounded by proteinous matrix called pericentriolar material (PCM). Cep215, one of major PCM proteins, recruits the Ξ³-tubulin ring complex for microtubule organization. Cep215 is also involved in microtubule organization outside the centrosome. Although the cellular functions of Cep215 have been extensively studied, its specific roles at diverse tissues are relatively less known. During my predoctoral period, I investigated the roles of Cep215 in the brain and testis tissues.
In chapter I, I investigated the roles of Cep215 in astrocyte differentiation using the P19 embryonic carcinoma cells and the mouse hippocampal primary cells. Cep215 was detected in the processes of astrocytes in addition to the centrosomes. Deletion of Cep215 in P19 cells caused the defects in differential morphogenesis of astrocytes, but did not affect neuronal differentiation, cell proliferation, and cell fate determination. I found that the microtubule organizing function of Cep215 is critical for the glial process formation. Based on these results, I propose that Cep215 organizes microtubules for glial process formation during astrocyte differentiation.
In chapter II, I investigated the roles of Cep215 in male germ cell development using the KO mouse in which Cep215 was totally removed by targeting specific sites at both the first and last introns. The Cep215 KO mice had microcephaly-like defects as reported previously. In addition, Cep215 KO testes were smaller than the wild type testes, suggesting defects in male germ cell development. In fact, the Cep215 KO testes were devoid of post-meiotic germ cells. Spermatogenesis in Cep215 KO mouse was arrested at prophase I and the spermatocytes were vulnerable to cell death. It is surprising that the centrosomes of Cep215-deleted germ cells appeared to be intact, suggesting that the defects in progression of meiosis by Cep215 deletion may be not caused by abnormal centrosomes. Rather, the tight and gap junctions of Sertoli cells were disorganized and the intercellular bridges among germ cells were reduced in the Cep215 KO testes. Based on the results, I propose that germ cell defects are attributed, in part, to disorganized architecture of the Cep215 KO testis.
Considering the cellular role of Cep215 in the microtubule organization at centrosomes, it is astonishing that Cep215-deleted tissues generated such diverse phenotypes. This research provides an example how diverse cellular functions are regulated by a simple change of the centrosome protein.BACKGROUND 1
1. Centrosome 1
1.1. Structure of centrosome 1
1.2. Functions of centrosome 2
2. The functions of Cep215 7
2.1. Microtubule nucleation 7
2.2. Spindle formation 7
2.3. Neuronal differentiation 8
2.4. The phenotypes of Cep215 mutant mice 8
Chapter I. Roles of Cep215 in morphological differentiation of astrocytes 14
ABSTRACT 15
INTRODUCTION 16
MATERIALS AND METHODS 18
Cell culture and induction of differentiation 18
Generation of Cep215 stable cell lines in base of knockout cells 19
Plasmids and RNA interference 19
Reverse Transcription and quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qPCR) 19
Immunoblot analyses 20
Immunostaining and image processing 21
BrdU incorporation assay 22
Antibodies 22
Microtubule regrowth assay 23
EB1-GFP comet assay 23
Statistical analyses 24
RESULTS 25
The importance of Cep215 in astrocytes differentiation of P19 cells 25
Cell proliferation and cell fate determination of Cep215- deleted P19 cells 25
Reduction of the microtubule organizing activity in Cep215-deleted P19 cells 26
Importance of interaction between Cep215 and Ξ³-TuRC for glial differentiation 27
Subcellular localization of Cep215 in primary cultured astrocytes 28
Depletion of Cep215 in mouse hippocampal cells 28
DISCUSSION 44
Chapter II. Roles of Cep215 in male germ cell development 47
ABSTRACT 48
INTRODUCTION 49
MATERIALS AND METHODS 52
Animals 52
Immunoblot analyses 52
H & E staining 53
TUNEL assay 53
Immunohistochemistry of tissue sections 54
Chromosome spreading and immunostaining analysis of mouse testis 54
Antibodies 55
Image processing 55
Statistical analyses 56
RESULTS 57
Generation and characterization of Cep215 total KO mouse 57
Histological analysis of the developing testes in Cep215 KO mouse 58
Defects in the Cep215 KO spermatocytes 58
Observation of the centrosomes in male germ cells at different developmental stages 59
Immunostaining of the isolated spermatocytes from the Cep215 KO testes 59
Defects in the testis architecture of the Cep215 KO mice 60
DISCUSSION 73
CONCLUSION 76
REFERENCES 78
ABSTRACT IN KOREAN (κ΅λ¬Έ μ΄λ‘) 87λ°
η°ε’η©θ³ͺμ ηι«εζζ§μ ιν η‘η©Ά (LXIX) : L6 κ·Όμ‘μΈν¬μμ ν¬λλΉ μμ‘λ₯μ λ―ΈμΉλ CdClβμ μν₯
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Όλ¬Έ(μμ¬)--μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ :μ½νκ³Ό μμννμ 곡,2002.Maste