3 research outputs found

    ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์™ธ๋ถ€์ง€์‹ํš๋“์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ

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    These days, useful knowledge is widely distributed in various organizations and individuals. Thus, it is impossible for any firm to keep up with all the relevant knowledge by relying solely on internal R&D. Firms inevitably utilize external knowledge as a means of enhancing innovative performance and reinforcing competitive advantage. Firms actively access external knowledge sources and acquire external knowledge to make up for their internal knowledge-base and utilize it to enhance innovative performance. Therefore, external knowledge sourcing has received more and more interests recently as the most important determinant of innovation. For a successful external knowledge sourcing strategy, the determinants that may affect the relationship between external knowledge utilization and innovation performance must be explored. According to the knowledge absorptive capacity literature, the external knowledge sourcing activities of firms consist of four distinguishable but complementary stages namely, exploration, acquisition, assimilation, and application. The application of externally acquired knowledge to innovation is the goal of external knowledge sourcing, so that the efficiency of application and innovation is affected by the first three stages. There are three important factors that firms should consider at each stage for external knowledge sourcing for innovation to be the successful. In the exploration stage, benefits of each external knowledge sources must be evaluated to enhance the firms innovativeness. In the acquisition stage, firms need to consider that how they can access external knowledge sources and appropriately acquire their knowledge. In the assimilation stage, the capabilities to assimilate and internalize externally acquired knowledge are required. The dissertation aims to empirically examine the effects of the determinants of these three stages on innovation performance by employing three units of analyses. Among various determinants of exploration of valuable external knowledge sources, the dissertation focuses on the types of these sources. Firms utilize various types of external knowledge sources such as competitors, customers, suppliers, universities, and others. Each type of sources possesses different knowledge, resources and capabilities, and exhibits different behaviors. These differences affect the benefit and the efficiency of external knowledge sourcing. Therefore, the effect of external knowledge sourcing on innovation varies depending on the source type. Chapter 3 examines the different effects of various types of external knowledge sources on product innovation focusing on R&D collaboration activity of firms. It focuses on four major types of external knowledge sources: competitors, customers, suppliers, and universities. Results show that the effect of external knowledge sourcing through R&D collaboration on product innovation varies depending on the types of partners. R&D collaborations with customers and universities positively affect product innovation, while R&D collaborations with competitors and suppliers have inverted-U shape relationship with product innovation. These results show that the effect of R&D collaboration on product innovation may vary depending on partner types. The findings reinforce extant studies which assert that firms should carefully consider what types of external knowledge sources they select for innovation. After evaluating external knowledge sources, firms determine the manner by which they access and acquire external knowledge sources. Firms can utilize various external knowledge sourcing modes such as R&D collaboration, technology purchasing, and external information acquisition. Given that each mode has distinctive characteristics, utilizing each mode may show different effects on innovation performance. Therefore, analyses on the roles of various external knowledge sourcing modes on innovation are necessary. Chapter 4 examines relationships between different external knowledge sourcing modes and product innovation performance by simultaneously incorporating various external knowledge sourcing modes within a single empirical model. Results show that three external knowledge sourcing modes have different relationships with product innovation performance. First, the extent of R&D collaboration has an inverted-U shape relationship with product innovation performance. This finding implies that firms should maintain the use of R&D collaboration to an optimal level. Second, product innovation performance accelerates with the increase of the extent of using technology purchasing. This finding implies that technology purchasing from external knowledge sources can help the firms innovation and survival. Third, external information acquisition has a positive effect on product innovation performance. The finding indicates that firms who actively scan external organizations and acquire external information can gain higher product innovation performance and thus enjoy competitive advantage. After acquiring external knowledge from various sources by several modes, firms assimilate and internalize externally acquired knowledge. Internal R&D capabilities, such as R&D efforts and knowledge base, are known as the most important determinants of the assimilation of externally acquired knowledge. Therefore, interactions between external knowledge utilization and internal R&D capabilities may significantly affect the application of externally acquired knowledge and ultimately influence the innovation performance of firms. Chapter 5 investigates effects external knowledge acquisition, internal R&D capabilities, and their interaction on subsequent technological innovations focusing on the breadth of technology purchasing, internal R&D efforts, and knowledge base. First, results show that there is a point at which the breadth of technology purchasing becomes disadvantageous in terms of technological innovation. Therefore, firms must keep the breadth of technology purchasing at the optimal level to maximize the benefits derived from technology purchasing. It implies that external knowledge sourcing through technology purchasing can be a double-edged sword for firms technological competences and long-term competitive advantage. Second, results provide no evidence supporting the hypotheses asserting that the relationship between the breadth of technology purchasing and innovation performance is positively moderated by internal R&D efforts. The results imply that the inherent substitutability between technology purchasing and internal R&D may offset the complementarity between the two. Third, results indicate that internal knowledge base of a firm negatively moderate the relationship between the breadth of technology purchasing and innovation performance. The results indicate that internal knowledge base of a firm may decrease its receptivity to externally acquired knowledge, and thus negatively affect the maximum benefit from external knowledge sourcing. The finding highlights that firms should remember the substitutive relationship between their breadth of technology purchasing and internal knowledge base in shaping subsequent technological innovations. In conclusion, the dissertation highlights that firms should carefully consider the roles of source types in the exploration stage, sourcing modes in the acquisition stage, and internal R&D capabilities in the assimilation stage, to employ external knowledge sourcing strategy as the driving force of innovation. The dissertation confirms that each type of external knowledge sources and each sourcing mode differently affect innovation. The findings assist managers in selecting appropriate source types or sourcing modes, and to determine the optimum extents of using each source or mode, in the exploration and acquisition stages. In addition, the dissertation finds that excessive external knowledge sourcing sometimes has negative consequences on innovation and is not always advantageous for firms. This finding sounds an alarm about recent acclamations for open innovation. Moreover, the dissertation also shows that the substitutability between internal R&D capabilities and external knowledge sourcing surpasses the complementarity between them in shaping new technological advances. Overall, the dissertation contributes to elucidating the relationship between external knowledge utilization activities and innovation performance. Firms are provided assistance for more efficiently developing and executing external knowledge utilization strategies. Considering that the dissertation employed data from South Korean firms, its findings and implications are especially valuable and appropriate in South Korean firms.์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ํ˜์‹ ์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์ง€์‹๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์กฐ์ง์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ์— ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์‹์„ ์กฐ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์ง€์‹๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์•ฝ์ ์„ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜์‹ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์šฐ์œ„์˜ ํš๋“ํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ์—์„œ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์™ธ๋ถ€์ง€์‹์›์ฒœ๋“ค์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ง€์‹์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์™ธ๋ถ€์ง€์‹ํš๋“ ์ „๋žต์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์ด ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๋Œ€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์™ธ๋ถ€์ง€์‹ํš๋“ ์ „๋žต์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฐฉ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์™ธ๋ถ€์ง€์‹์„ ํš๋“ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜์‹ ์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ง€์‹์„ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„, ํš๋“ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํš๋“ํ•œ ์ง€์‹์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚ด์žฌํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํƒ์ƒ‰ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ง€์‹์›์ฒœ์ด ๊ธฐ์—…์— ์œ ์ตํ•  ์ง€ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํš๋“ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์ง€์‹์›์ฒœ์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์‹์„ ํš๋“ํ• ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „๋žต์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ดํ•ด ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์™ธ๋ถ€์—์„œ ํš๋“ํ•œ ์ง€์‹์„ ์†Œํ™” ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋“ค์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์  ๊ฒฐ์ • ์š”์ธ์ธ ์ง€์‹์›์ฒœ์˜ ์œ ํ˜•, ์ง€์‹ํš๋“๋ฐฉ์‹, ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ฐ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ํ˜์‹ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์™ธ๋ถ€์ง€์‹ํš๋“์˜ ์ฒซ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ธ ์™ธ๋ถ€์ง€์‹ ํ‰๊ฐ€์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์š”์ธ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง€์‹์›์ฒœ์˜ ์œ ํ˜•์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ž, ๊ณ ๊ฐ, ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ž, ๋Œ€ํ•™, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ง, ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๊ธฐ์—… ๋“ฑ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์™ธ๋ถ€์ง€์‹์›์ฒœ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ง€์‹์„ ํš๋“ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์ง€์‹์›์ฒœ๋“ค์€ ๋ณด์œ  ์ง€์‹, ์ž์›, ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ณ ์œ ํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ ์ง€์‹์›์ฒœ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ง€์‹ํš๋“์ž์ธ ๊ธฐ์—… ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๊ฐ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์™ธ๋ถ€์ง€์‹์›์ฒœ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์ต์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ํ˜์‹ ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 3์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ž, ๊ณ ๊ฐ, ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ž, ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์™ธ๋ถ€์ง€์‹์›์ฒœ๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ˜‘๋ ฅ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์™ธ๋ถ€์ง€์‹์›์ฒœ๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ œํ’ˆํ˜์‹ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์—์„œ ๊ฐ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์™ธ๋ถ€์ง€์‹์›์ฒœ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ˜์‹ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ง์„ ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„๋งŒ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•œ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ ์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์™ธ๋ถ€์ง€์‹์›์ฒœ ํ™œ์šฉ๊ณผ ํ˜์‹ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ณก์„ ํ˜• ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ด ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ œํ’ˆํ˜์‹ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๊ธ์ •์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นจ์„ ์ž…์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ž๋‚˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ž์™€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ œํ’ˆํ˜์‹ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” ์—ญU์ž ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ž๋‚˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ž์™€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ™œ์šฉํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ œํ’ˆํ˜์‹ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋‹ค ์ž„๊ณ„๊ฐ’์„ ์ง€๋‚œ ํ›„์—๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. 3์žฅ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ฐ ์œ ํ˜•๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ณผ ํ˜์‹ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ๋Œ€ํ•™์€ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ž๋‚˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ž์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ๋ณด๋‹ค ์šฉ์ดํ•œ ์™ธ๋ถ€์ง€์‹์›์ฒœ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ž๋‚˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ž์™€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ง€์‹์„ ํš๋“ํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ๋Œ€ํ•™์„ ์ง€์‹์›์ฒœ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ์„ธ์‹ฌํ•œ ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ์™ธ๋ถ€์ง€์‹์›์ฒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•œ ์ดํ›„์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์‹์›์ฒœ์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ง€์‹์„ ํš๋“ํ•  ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ ค์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ตฌ๋งค, ์ •๋ณดํš๋“ ๋“ฑ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ง€์‹ํš๋“๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์™ธ๋ถ€์ง€์‹์›์ฒœ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ง€์‹์„ ํš๋“ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์™ธ๋ถ€์ง€์‹ํš๋“ ๋ฐฉ์‹๋“ค์€ ์ง€์‹์ด์ „ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ ์ง€์‹์›์ฒœ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์ƒ์˜ ์ฐจ๋ณ„ํ™” ๋œ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ฐ ์ง€์‹ํš๋“ ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ํ˜์‹  ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ง€์‹ํš๋“๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. 4์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณต์‹์  ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์  ์™ธ๋ถ€์ง€์‹ํš๋“ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ตฌ๋งค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋น„๊ณต์‹์  ์ฑ„๋„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์™ธ๋ถ€์ •๋ณดํš๋“์˜ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์™ธ๋ถ€์ง€์‹ํš๋“ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ œํ’ˆํ˜์‹ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ˜‘๋ ฅ ํ™œ์šฉ๋„๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆํ˜์‹ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์™€ ์—ญU์ž์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ˜‘๋ ฅ ํ™œ์šฉ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ปค์งˆ ๋•Œ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ œํ’ˆํ˜์‹  ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ปค์ง€์ง€๋งŒ ์ž„๊ณ„๊ฐ’์„ ์ง€๋‚œ ์ดํ›„์—๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๊ฐ์†Œํ•จ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์™ธ๋ถ€์ง€์‹ํš๋“์˜ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์ ์ • ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ตฌ๋งค ํ™œ์šฉ๋„๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆํ˜์‹ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ฐฝ์ถœ์„ ๊ฐ€์†ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ตฌ๋งค๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์™€ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์šฐ์œ„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ๊ณตํ—Œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์™ธ๋ถ€์ •๋ณดํš๋“ ํ™œ์šฉ๋„๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆํ˜์‹ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๊ธ์ •์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—… ์™ธ๋ถ€์˜ ์กฐ์ง๋“ค๊ณผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ํƒ์ƒ‰์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํš๋“ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜์‹ ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. 4์žฅ์˜ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์™ธ๋ถ€์ง€์‹ํš๋“ ํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ์ œํ’ˆํ˜์‹  ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ง€์‹ํš๋“๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์™ธ๋ถ€์ง€์‹์›์ฒœ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์‹์„ ํš๋“ํ•œ ํ›„์—๋Š” ํš๋“ํ•œ ์ง€์‹์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์ง ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋กœ ์ž˜ ์†Œํ™” ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ง€์‹ํก์ˆ˜๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์™ธ๋ถ€์ง€์‹ํ™œ์šฉ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ง€์‹ํก์ˆ˜๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ์ง€์‹๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜๊ณผ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋…ธ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—ญ๋Ÿ‰๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์™ธ๋ถ€์ง€์‹ํš๋“ ํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํ˜์‹ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 5์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ™œ๋™์˜ํญ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์™ธ๋ถ€์ง€์‹ํš๋“ ํ™œ๋™์ด ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ํ–ฅํ›„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ˜์‹ ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ˜์‹ ์ฐฝ์ถœ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์˜ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ™œ๋™์˜ ํญ์ด ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ˜์‹ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์™€ ์—ญU์ž์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง์„ ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ™œ๋™์˜ ํญ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋•Œ, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ˜์‹ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋‹ค ๋‚˜์ค‘์—๋Š” ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋จ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ง€๋‚˜์นœ ์™ธ๋ถ€์ง€์‹ํš๋“์€ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ˜์‹ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์ผœ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์šฐ์œ„๋ฅผ ํ•ด์น˜๋Š” ์–‘๋‚ ์˜ ๊ฒ€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ตฌ๋งค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ–ฅํ›„์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ™œ๋™์˜ ํญ์„ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ 4์žฅ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ตฌ๋งค์™€ ์ œํ’ˆํ˜์‹ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ™œ๋™์ด ์‹ ์ œํ’ˆ ์ถœ์‹œ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ฐฝ์ถœ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋„ ๋Š˜ ์ด์ต์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹˜์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ตฌ๋งค์˜ ํญ๊ณผ ํ–ฅํ›„ ํ˜์‹ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์–‘์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์„ ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ตฌ๋งค์™€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์ฒด๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋‘ ์ „๋žต ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋ณด์™„์  ํšจ๊ณผ์™€ ๋งž๋ฌผ๋ ค ์ƒ์‡„๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์ง€์‹๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ตฌ๋งค์˜ ํญ๊ณผ ํ–ฅํ›„ ํ˜์‹ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์Œ์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง์„ ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‚ด๋ถ€์ง€์‹๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์ด ํฐ ๊ธฐ์—…์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ™œ๋™์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์ต์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์™ธ๋ถ€์ง€์‹์˜ ์†Œํ™”ํก์ˆ˜์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ์™ธ๋ถ€์ง€์‹ํš๋“ ํ™œ๋™ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋Œ€์ฒด๊ด€๊ณ„ ์—ญ์‹œ ๊ฐ„๊ณผํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋จ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ์™ธ๋ถ€์ง€์‹์„ ํš๋“ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ˜์‹ ์˜ ์›๋™๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์™ธ๋ถ€์ง€์‹์›์ฒœ์˜ ์œ ํ˜•, ์™ธ๋ถ€์ง€์‹ํš๋“ ๋ฐฉ์‹, ์™ธ๋ถ€์ง€์‹ํš๋“๊ณผ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ™œ๋™๊ณผ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ฐจ์›์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์™ธ๋ถ€์ง€์‹์›์ฒœ์˜ ์œ ํ˜•๋“ค๊ณผ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์™ธ๋ถ€์ง€์‹ํš๋“ ๋ฐฉ์‹๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ํ˜์‹ ์— ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•จ์„ ์ž…์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์™ธ๋ถ€์ง€์‹์›์ฒœ ์œ ํ˜• ์„ ํƒ์ด๋‚˜ ์™ธ๋ถ€์ง€์‹ํš๋“๋ฐฉ์‹ ์„ ํƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚ด๋ฆด ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๋‚˜ ์œ ํ˜•์„ ๊ทธ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ์™ธ๋ถ€์ง€์‹ํ™œ์šฉ์ด ๋•Œ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ํ˜์‹ ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์šฐ์œ„์— ๋…์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์™ธ๋ถ€์ง€์‹ํ™œ์šฉ์ด ๋Š˜ ๊ธฐ์—…์—๊ฒŒ ์ด์ต์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์€ ์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ํ˜์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚™๊ด€์  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์— ์ผ์นจ์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ง€์‹ํก์ˆ˜๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ด€์ ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ๋ณด์™„์„ฑ์—์„œ ์˜ค๋Š” ์ด์ต๋ณด๋‹ค ๋Œ€์ฒดํšจ๊ณผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์†์‹ค์ด ๋” ํด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ž…์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์•ฝํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—…์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์™ธ๋ถ€์ง€์‹ํš๋“์˜ ์ด์ ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ˆ„๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์™ธ๋ถ€์ง€์‹ํš๋“์ด ๋ฏธํกํ•œ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „๋žต์  ๋Œ€์ฒด์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋“ค์€ ์™ธ๋ถ€์ง€์‹ํ™œ์šฉ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด์™€ ์™ธ๋ถ€์ง€์‹ํ™œ์šฉ ์ „๋žต๊ณผ ํ˜์‹ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด์˜ ์ฆ์ง„์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์™ธ๋ถ€์ง€์‹ํš๋“ ์ „๋žต ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ๊ณผ ์‹คํ–‰์— ๋„์›€์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ์— ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ํ•จ์˜๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์— ํŠนํžˆ ์œ ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค.Docto

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