Fish species diversity and community pattern in coral reefs of the Xisha Islands,South China Sea

为了解珊瑚礁海域鱼类物种多样性及其群落特征,作者2003年5月在西沙群岛7座主要岛礁(北礁、华光礁、金银岛、东岛、浪花礁、玉琢礁和永兴岛)采用底层刺网进行了调查,运用聚类分析和非度量多维标度(nMdS)等多元统计分析方法,对7个岛礁鱼类的种类组成、优势种、多样性和群落格局进行了分析。调查海域共记录鱼类146种,隶属10目31科;各主要岛礁的鱼类以典型的热带种类为主,如鹦嘴鱼科、蝴蝶鱼科、笛鲷科等珊瑚礁鱼类;白边锯鳞鳂(MyrIPrISTIS MurdJAn)、四带笛鲷(luTJAnuS kASMIrA)、灰若梅鲷(PArACAESIO SOrdIduS)、双带梅鲷(CAESIO dIAgrAMMA)、单板盾尾鱼(AXInuruS THynnOIdES)和灰六鳃鲨(HEXAnCHuS grISEuS)为主要优势种;全海域鱼类的SHAnnOn-WIEnEr多样性指数(H')在1.91–3.33之间,平均为2.81,明显高于纬度较高的东海和黄渤海海域;该海域鱼类可划分为两个群落,即永乐群岛群落(群落I)和宣德群岛群落(群落II)。AnOSIM和rElATE检验表明,两个群落间鱼类组成的差异显著(r=0.685,P=0.029<0.05),且群落格局较为稳定(r=0.958,P=0.003<0.01)。We assessed fish communities using bottom gillnet surveys in 7 coral reefs(Beijiao Reef,Huaguang Reef,Jinyin Island,Dongdao Island,Langhua Reef,Yuzhuo Reef and Yongxing Island) of the Xisha Islands in May,2003 and analyzed species composition and diversity,dominant species,and community pattern using the software Primer.A total of 146 fish species belonging to 31 families and 10 orders were collected during the survey.Fishes in the coral reefs were dominated by the typical tropical species,including members of the families Scaridae,Chaetodontidae and Lutjanidae.According to the Index of Relative Importance(IRI),the six most dominant fish species were Myripristis murdjan,Lutjanus kasmira,Paracaesio sordidus,Caesio diagramma,Axinurus thynnoides and Hexanchus griseus,respectively.Shannon-Wiener diversity indices(H') ranged from 1.91 to 3.33 among reefs,with an average of 2.81.Overall,diversity indices for the Xisha Islands were higher than those found in the East China Sea,the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea,all of which are found at a higher latitude.The spatial pattern of fish communities was analyzed using hierarchical clustering and non-metric multidimensional scaling.Two major groups based on fish assemblages were indentified,with group I located in the Yongle Islands and Group II in the Xuande Islands.ANOSIM and RELATE tests showed significant differences(R=0.685,P=0.029<0.05) in fish assemblages between these groups and the community pattern were quite stable(R=0.958,P=0.003<0.01).中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2010YD10、2009TS08);农业部近海渔业资源调查项目(070404

Dynamics of demersal fish species diversity and biomass of dominant species in autumn in the Beibu Gulf,northwestern South China Sea

根据1992年、2001年和2006年秋季在北部湾进行的底拖网调查数据,对该海域鱼类的种类组成、物种多样性、优势种及其数量的变动趋势进行分析。1992年共记录鱼类171种,隶属17目77科;2001年记录鱼类156种,隶属18目71科;2006年记录157种,隶属17目67科。3个年代记录的鱼类均以鲈形目的种类数最多,其中1992年为96种(占56.14%)、2001年90种(占57.69%)和2006年89种(占56.69%)。鱼类的PIElOu均匀度指数(J')和SHAnnOn-WIEnEr多样性指数(H')的变化趋势一致:以2001年最高,为0.72和3.64;其次为1992年,为0.64和3.27;2006年最低,分别为0.52和2.64。丰富度指数(d)呈逐年下降的趋势:为1992年的21.03,2001年的20.74和2006年的19.61。建立非线性回归模型对北部湾3个年代出现的6种共有优势种(发光鲷ACrOPOMA JAPOnICuM、带鱼TrICHIuruS HAuMElA、二长棘鲷PArArgyrOPS EdITA、黄斑鲾lEIOgnATHuS bInduS、竹荚鱼TrACHuruS JAPOnICuS和黄带绯鲤uPEnEuS SulPHurEuS)的数量变化趋势进行分析。结果表明:北部湾鱼类中的经济价值较高的优势种逐渐被低值和小型的鱼类所替代,但繁殖力较强和寿命较短的鱼类变动较小。在6种共同优势种中,黄斑鲾和发光鲷的渔获率呈上升趋势;带鱼和黄带绯鲤的渔获率呈下降趋势;而二长棘鲷和竹荚鱼的渔获率基本保持不变。研究结果表明,北部湾鱼类的优势种更替明显,总体变化趋势是k选择种类(以红笛鲷和黑印真鲨等为代表)逐渐被r选择种类(发光鲷、鲾科和天竺鱼科等为代表)所替代,即寿命长、个体大和营养级高的鱼类数量减少,寿命短、个体小和营养级较低的种类增多。The Beibu Gulf is a semi-enclosed gulf located in the northwestern South China Sea and surrounded by the land territories of China and Vietnam.The region has a tropical to subtropical climate.Thousands of fish and shellfish species have been identified in the Beibu Gulf and support some very important fisheries throughout the year in the region.Large scale resource surveys have been conducted over the last few decades to assess fisheries resources in the Beibu Gulf,and a large quantity of biological and environmental data have been collected.Such scientific data are perfect for evaluating changes in the ecosystem and answers questions such as what changes have occurred over the last few decades to the fisheries ecosystem in the Beibu Gulf? In the study,we analyzed data collected in otter trawl surveys in the Beibu Gulf in autumn 1992,2001 and 2006 to evaluate fish species composition and diversity,dominant species,and their biomasses.The analysis showed that 171 fish species caught in the 1992 autumn survey in the Beibu Gulf Gulf belonged to 77 families and 17 orders,a total of 156 fish species belonging to 71 families and 18 orders were found in the 2001 survey and 157 species belonging to 67 families and 17 orders were identified in 2006.Perciformes had the highest number of fish species,96 species(accounting for 56.14%) in 1992,90 species(57.69%) in 2001 and 89 species(56.69%) in 2006.The Pielou evenness index(J′) had the same temporal trend as the Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H′).Both indices were the highest in 2001,followed by those in 1992 and 2006.The Margalef richness index(D) reduced from 21.03 in 1992 to 20.74 in 2001 and to 19.61 in 2006.Nonlinear regression models were developed to quantify the temporal trends of biomass of the 6 dominant species(Acropoma japonicum,Trichiurus haumela,Parargyrops edita,Leiognathus bindus,Trachurus japonicas and Upeneus sulphureus) in the Beibu Gulf.The dominant species were found to shift from the high-value fish species to the low-value species,but no significant changes for fish species with high reproduction rates and short life spans.The catch rates increased during the survey period for A.japonicum and L.bindus,decreased for T.haumela and U.sulphureus,and remained similar for P.edita and T.japonicus.This study shows an apparent succession of the dominant species with an overall trend of the K-selection species(such as Lutjanus sanguineus and Carcharhinus menisorrah) being replaced by the r-selection species(such as A.japonicum,Leiognathus,and Apogonichthys).The abundance of fish species with long life span,large size and high trophic levels decreased,while short-lived and small-sized fish species in low trophic levels increased their abundance over the time period covered by the survey.The study provides important evidence of changes occurring in the Beibu Gulf ecosystem.农业部近海渔业资源调查项目(070404);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2007TS08;2007ZD08;2009TS08;2010YD10);广东省海洋渔业资源综合评价(GD908-02-05

Fish species composition and community pattern in the continental shelf of northwestern South China Sea

根据2006—2007年在南海西北部陆架区海域进行的4航次底拖网调查数据,对该海域鱼类的种类组成和群落格局进行分析。调查共采获鱼类262种,隶属于20目102科。以冬季出现种类数最多,为166种;夏季和秋季次之,分别为161种和155种;春季最少,为135种。运用聚类分析和非度量多维标度(nMdS)方法分析了南海西北部陆架区鱼类群落结构的空间分布。研究表明,该海域鱼类可划分为5个群落,分别为粤西沿岸群落(群落Ⅰ)、海南岛东南沿岸群落(群落Ⅱ)、海南岛东部深海群落(群落Ⅲ)、过渡群落(群落Ⅳ)和混合群落(群落V)。AnOSIM检验表明,各群落间鱼类组成的差异极为显著(r=0.847-0.939,P<0.001)。鱼类群落格局的变化与海流和水深关系密切,有较明显的沿水深梯度分布的规律。咸淡水鱼类在雷州半岛东部的冷涡区域,形成群落Ⅰ;南海暖流控制区域内的深海鱼类,形成群落Ⅲ;在南海暖流最为强劲的冬季,研究区域内大部分鱼类集结为混合性群落V;琼东南沿岸的上升流区内形成群落Ⅱ;沿岸流强劲的夏、秋季,在沿岸流和上升流交汇处,形成过渡性群落Ⅳ。To understand fish species composition,community pattern,dominant species and seasonal variation in the continental shelf of northwestern South China Sea,four otter trawl surveys were conducted in January and August 2006,and April and November 2007,representing winter,summer,spring and autumn,respectively.Sixteen stations were assigned in each otter trawl survey along the coastlines from eastern Leizhou Peninsula to southeastern Hainan Island.Fish collection and data analysis followed the National Marine Survey Standards(GB/T12763.6—2007).Totally 262 fish species,from 102 families and 20 orders,were collected in the four seasonal surveys.The results revealed that the highest species diversity was in winter with 166 species recorded and the lowest was in spring with 135 species recorded;161 and 155 species were recorded in summer and autumn,respectively.The Order Perciformes was the most important fish group in the continental shelf of northwestern South China Sea;the highest species diversity recorded was the Perciformes in all four seasons,and 40 out of 72 species recorded year-round belonged to the Perciformes.Species found in all four seasons contributed to 80.34% of total fish biomass.Ninety-one species found only in a single season contributed to 1.62% of total fish biomass.The spatial pattern of fish communities was analyzed using the hierarchical clustering and non-metric multi-dimensional scaling(NMDS),five fish groups were indentified.The Group Ⅰ,recorded in all four seasons,was located in the coastal waters of western Guangdong Province and consisted of 3 or 4 stations.The scale and the distribution area of the Group Ⅰ were stable among seasons.The Group Ⅱ,recorded in spring,summer and autumn,was located in the coastal waters of southeastern Hainan Island and consisted of 6—9 stations.The scale and the distribution area of the Group Ⅱ had seasonal variation.The Group Ⅲ,recorded in spring,summer and autumn,was located in the deep waters of eastern Hainan Island and consisted of 4 stations.The scale and the distribution area of the Group Ⅲ were stable.The Group Ⅳ as a transitional community,recorded in summer and autumn only,was located in the deep waters of eastern Hainan Island and consisted of 1—3 stations.The scale and the distribution area of the Group Ⅳ were small and changed largely with season.The Group Ⅴ as a mixed community,recorded in winter only,was also located in the deep waters of eastern Hainan Island and consisted of 13 stations.The scale and the distribution area of the Group Ⅴ were the largest among the 5 groups.Based on the analysis of similarities(ANOSIM),the results showed the significant differences(R=0.847-0.939,P <0.001) in fish community pattern for all four seasons.Although the station combinations in each fish community had seasonal variation,the correlation coefficients on the community similarities between spring and summer,between summer and autumn and between autumn and winter were 0.780,0.630 and 0.777,respectively.The variations of fish community pattern are closely related to ocean currents and depth.The brackish fishes distributed in the cold eddy area of eastern Leizhou Peninsula and contributed to the Group Ⅰ.The deep sea fishes along the South China Sea Warm Current in eastern Hainan Island contributed to the Group Ⅲ.In winter with the strongest South China Sea Warm Current recorded in the deep waters of eastern Hainan Island,the area was dominated by fishes from the mixed Group Ⅴ.Because of the upwelling in the coastal waters of southeastern Hainan Island the area was dominated by fishes from the Group Ⅱ.In summer and autumn,the coastal current was strong and mixed with the upwelling in the deep waters of eastern Hainan Island;therefore,the area was dominated by fishes from the transitional Group Ⅳ.This study provides scientific evidences for further sustainable fisheries development and conservation in the continental shelf of northwestern South China Sea.我国近海海洋综合调查与评价专项(908-01-ST08); 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所)资助项目(2009TS08;2010YD01和2010YD10); 农业部近海渔业资源调查项目(070404); 海洋公益性行业科研专项(201005012); 广东省海洋渔业资源综合评价资助项目(GD908-02-05

Research on Regional Cooperation for Fishery Resources Management in the East China Sea

敦文路，上海水产大学助理研究员、博士。 黄硕琳，上海水产大学副校长、教授。【中文摘要】长期以来，东海区一直是中、日、韩三国海洋渔业的传统作业渔场。 由于长期的过度捕捞，东海区的主要经济鱼类总体上已严重衰退，需紧急加以养 护。东海区多数经济鱼类的洄游经过中、日、韩三国近海，养护与管理好东海区的 渔业资源，需三国共同参与，这也顺应了《联合国海洋法公约》的规定。长期以来， 中、日、韩三国在东海区的渔业生产与管理中建立了比较密切的合作关系，为三国 合作管理东海区渔业资源奠定了良好的基础。目前，由于东海区进行渔业资源的 区域合作管理还面临一些困难，因此，可以分近期和远期实施不同的区域合作管 理方案，近期实施以控制捕捞努力量为主体的管理方案，远期实施以总可捕量制 度为主体的管理方案。 【Abstract】Over the years, the East China Sea has been a traditional marine fishing ground for China, Japan, and Republic of Korea. Due to the long-term overfishing, the main commercial fishes in this area suffer severe recessions and need an urgent and efficient conservation management. Most of the commercial fishes in the East China Sea migrate through inshore waters of China, Japan, and Republic of Korea, which highlights the joint efforts of three States in the conservation and management of fishery resources, and conforms to what the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) has regulated. China, Japan, and Republic of Korea have been in close cooperative relationships and have laid a good foundation for the co-management of fishery resources in the East China Sea. Currently, there are some challenges in facilitating the regional fishery management cooperation in the East China Sea. The paper will explore ways to facilitate both short-term and long-term regional cooperation. Short¬term cooperation may take the form of fishing efforts control, while long-term cooperation may mainly involve the implementation of Total Allowable Catch (TAC) system。上海市重点学科（第2期）———渔业经济与管理专项基金的资助（T1103)

International Cooperation in Fisheries Law Enforcement at Sea：China Mainland's Practice

黄硕琳，上海海洋大学海洋法律与政策研宄所教授、博士生导师。 刘艳红，云南红河学院副教授、博士。【中文摘要】长期以来，海洋渔业制度中存在的主要问题之一就是缺乏有效的监测、管理、监督和执法机制。加强国家间海洋渔业的执法合作是国际渔业法律制度的一个明确发展方向。本文阐述了海洋渔业执法合作的法律基础，介绍了我国大陆与美国、日本、韩国、越南等国家开展海洋渔业执法国际合作的三种不同方式：一是派遣授权的执法人员参加合作方的海上执法巡航，对违法渔船进行联合登临检查，由船旗国进行处罚；二是双方的渔业执法船在海上联合编队巡航，或与对方的海上巡航飞机合作，发现可疑违法渔船后交由船旗国进行调查取证和查处；三是将海上观察到的对方可疑违法渔船的信息向对方主管机构通报，由船旗国进行调查取证和处罚。我国大陆海上渔业执法的国际合作呈现出以下几个特点：(1)在现行国际法的框架下开展执法合作，突出了船旗国管辖原则。不管是在公海水域或是在渔业协定规定的水域，渔业执法合作的实践都体现了对船旗国主权和管辖权的尊重，同时也体现了对执法合作方的尊重。(2)海上渔业执法的合作极大地提高了海上执法的成效，有效地打击了违反国际法和国内法的捕鱼活动。 【Abstract】The lack of effective monitoring, management, surveillance and enforcement mechanisms has been one of the crucial problems confronting marine fisheries for a long time. Therefore, strengthening intergovernmental cooperation in law enforcement is a clear trend in the international legal regime on fisheries. This article explains the legal bases for cooperation in fisheries law enforcement at sea and introduces the three fisheries law enforcement approaches adopted by China Mainland based on its cooperation practice with the United States, Japan, South Korea, and Vietnam: (1) dispatching authorized law enforcement officers to participate in law enforcement patrols at sea and conducting joint visits and investigations on board illegal fishing vessels, but leaving the flag State to assess the penalty; (2) forming a joint patrol team with fisheries law enforcement vessels or with patrol planes from both Parties but, once a suspected vessel is detected, leaving the flag State to conduct investigation and decide on the penalty for illegal activities; (3) informing the other Party’s competent authorities of a suspected illegal fishing vessel flying the other Party’s flag, and leaving the flag State to conduct investigation and decide on the penalty. The international cooperation undertaken by China Mainland for fisheries law enforcement at sea has the following features: (1) enforcement cooperation is conducted under the framework of current international law, highlighting the principle of flag State jurisdiction. Cooperation for fisheries law enforcement, whether on the high seas or in agreed-upon fishing waters, demonstrates China's respect for the sovereignty and jurisdiction of the flag State as well as the respect for the other party; (2) cooperation on fisheries law enforcement at sea greatly improves the performance of law enforcement at sea and effectively cracks down on fishing activities that violate international and domestic laws

Fish community pattern and its relation to environmental factors in the Beibu Gulf

根据2007年在北部湾海域进行的4航次底拖网调查数据,对北部湾鱼类的种类组成和群落格局进行分析。该调查共采获鱼类323种,隶属于18目101科。以冬季出现种类数最多,为231种;秋季和夏季次之,分别为217种和214种;春季最少,为186种。运用聚类分析和非度量多维标度(nMdS)方法分析了北部湾鱼类群落结构的空间分布,研究表明,该海域鱼类可划分为5个群落,为较为稳定的东北部沿岸群落(群落Ⅰ)、海南岛西岸群落(群落Ⅱ)、北部湾中南部群落(群落Ⅲ)、白龙尾岛附近海域群落(群落Ⅳ)和季节波动较大的琼州海峡西侧群落(群落V)。AnOSIn检验表明,各群落间鱼类组成的差异极为显著(r=0.896~0.956,P<0.001)。对不同季节鱼类群落格局与环境因子(水深、底层水温、底层盐度)的相关性分析表明,鱼类群落组成的变化与水深的相关性最好(春季r=0.491,夏季r=0.578,秋季r=0.594,冬季r=0.514),与温度和盐度的相关性较差。Based on data collected by quarterly otter trawl surveys in the Beibu Gulf in 2007,fish species compositions and community pattern were analyzed.A total number of 323 fish species belonging to 101 families and 18 orders were collected during the surveys.The largest number of species was recorded in winter(231 species),followed by those in autumn and summer(217 and 214 species,respectively),and the number of fish species was the smallest in spring(186 species).The spatial pattern of fish community was analyzed using hierarchical clustering and non-metric multidimensional scaling.Five station groups based on fish assemblages were indentified.The Group Ⅰ was located in the coastal waters of northeast Beibu Gulf and showed less seasonal variation in distribution.The Group Ⅱ was located in the coastal waters west off Hainan Island.The Group Ⅲ covered a large area of the central and southern waters of the Beibu Gulf,while the Group Ⅳ located near the Bailongwei Island covered the least stations,and the Group Ⅴ can only be identified in spring season to the west Qiongzhou Strait.The ANOSIN tests showed highly significant differences(R=0.896-0.956,P<0.001)in fish assemblages between the station groups.The relationships between changes in fish community pattern and environmental factors(depth,bottom temperature and bottom salinity)were examined.The correlation analysis showed that the water depth was the major environmental factor dominating the fish community pattern,while bottom temperature and salinity contributed less to determining the community pattern.中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2010YD10、2009TS08);农业部近海渔业资源调查项目(070404);我国近海海洋综合调查与评价专项(908-01-ST09);广东省“九○八”专项(GD9080205

Spatio-temporal variability of fish diversity and dominant species in the Beibu Gulf

根据2007年在北部湾进行的4季渔业资源底拖网调查资料,对该海域鱼类的种类组成、物种多样性和优势种的时空变化进行分析。本次调查共捕获鱼类323种,隶属于18目101科,以发光鲷(ACrOPOMA JAPOnICuM)、黄斑鲾(lEIOgnATHuS bInduS)、竹鱼(TrACHuruS JAPOnICuS)、二长棘鲷(PArArgyrOPS EdITA)和大头白姑鱼(ArgyrOSOMuS MACrOCEPHAluS)为主要优势种。分析结果表明,北部湾鱼类的优势种更替明显,总体趋势为k选择种类(以红笛鲷和黑印真鲨等为代表)被r选择种类(发光鲷、鲾科和天竺鱼科等为代表)所替代,即寿命长、个体大和营养级高的鱼类种类减少,寿命短、个体小和营养级较低的种类增多。鱼类的SHAnnOn-WIEnEr多样性指数(H’)以共同渔区北部海域最高(3.60),东北部海域次之(3.58),共同渔区南部海域最低(2.35),四季多样性指数为2.96~3.77,平均3.31。2007年多样性指数比1992-1993年低,但高于1998-1999年,表明近年来该海域捕捞压力有所减缓,使得渔业资源有一定的恢复。本研究旨在了解北部湾生物多样性和优势种的动态变化及演替状况,为该海域渔业资源的合理开发与可持续利用对策提供科学依据。Based on data collected by quarterly otter trawl surveys in the Beibu Gulf in 2007,the species composition,diversity and dominant species of fishes were analyzed.A total number of 323 fish species belonging to 101 families and 18 orders were collected.The dominant species were Acropoma japonicum,Leiognathus bindus,Trachurus japonicus,Parargyrops edita and Argyrosomus macrocephalus.Data analysis shows an apparent succession of the dominant species with an overall trend of the k-selection species (such as Lutjanus sanguineus and Carcharhinus menisorrah) being replaced by r-selection species (such as Acropoma japonicum,Leiognathus,and Apogonichthys).The abundances of long-lived,large-size,and high trophic level fishes decrease,while those of the short-lived,small-size,and low trophic level increase.The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') in the northern common fishing zone (3.60) was the highest,followed by that of the northeast Beibu Gulf (3.58),and the lowest (2.35) appeared in southern common fishing zone..The seasonal variation of the diversity index ranged from 2.96 to 3.77 with an average of 3.31.The diversity index was lower in 2007 than that in 1992-1993,but higher than that in 1998 1999.This indicates that fishing intensity has alleviated in the recent years and has resulted in recovery of the fishery resources.农业部近海渔业资源调查项目(070404);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所)项目(2007TS08;2009TS08;2010YD10);我国近海海洋综合调查与评价专项(908-01-ST09);广东省海洋渔业资源综合评价项目(GD908-02-05

Measurement of integrated luminosity of data collected at 3.773 GeV by BESIII from 2021 to 2024

We present a measurement of the integrated luminosity e+e- of collision data collected by the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider at a center-of-mass energy of Ecm = 3.773 GeV. The integrated luminosities of the datasets taken from December 2021 to June 2022, from November 2022 to June 2023, and from October 2023 to February 2024 were determined to be 4.995±0.019 fb-1, 8.157±0.031 fb-1, and 4.191±0.016 fb-1, respectively, by analyzing large angle Bhabha scattering events. The uncertainties are dominated by systematic effects, and the statistical uncertainties are negligible. Our results provide essential input for future analyses and precision measurements