On the Sentencing Suggestion System

内容摘要量刑建议制度作为检察机关公诉活动改革的一部份，已成为法学界争议的焦点。从法理上分析，一方面，量刑建议权是国家刑罚权的实现过程中重要环节，是国家公诉权能的重要部分，是完善检察机关自由裁量权的重要内容；另一方面，量刑建议权作为一种司法请求权，与审判量刑裁判权是两种不同性质、存在不同诉讼环节的权力，量刑建议权不侵害审判权；量刑建议为被告人获得、行使辩护权提供了更好的条件，量刑建议权与辩护权实质上并不矛盾；量刑建议与辩诉交易有着本质上的不同，不能以辩诉交易不适合中国司法实践为由反对量刑建议。因此量刑建议有其存在的法理依据。从经济分析上看，一方面，对量刑建议制度现实需要性以及可能付出的代价进行预...ABSTRACT As an important part of the reforms on prosecuting actions of procuratorial organs， the system of sentencing suggestion has become a heated topic in the field of law. From the author's point of view, sentencing suggestion is an essential link to realize the power of penal punishment, the power of sentencing suggestion is directly from the power of public prosecution，and the exercising...学位：法律硕士院系专业：法学院法律系_法律硕士(JM)学号：X20010800

On the Sentencing Suggestion System

内容摘要量刑建议制度作为检察机关公诉活动改革的一部份，已成为法学界争议的焦点。从法理上分析，一方面，量刑建议权是国家刑罚权的实现过程中重要环节，是国家公诉权能的重要部分，是完善检察机关自由裁量权的重要内容；另一方面，量刑建议权作为一种司法请求权，与审判量刑裁判权是两种不同性质、存在不同诉讼环节的权力，量刑建议权不侵害审判权；量刑建议为被告人获得、行使辩护权提供了更好的条件，量刑建议权与辩护权实质上并不矛盾；量刑建议与辩诉交易有着本质上的不同，不能以辩诉交易不适合中国司法实践为由反对量刑建议。因此量刑建议有其存在的法理依据。从经济分析上看，一方面，对量刑建议制度现实需要性以及可能付出的代价进行预...ABSTRACT As an important part of the reforms on prosecuting actions of procuratorial organs， the system of sentencing suggestion has become a heated topic in the field of law. From the author's point of view, sentencing suggestion is an essential link to realize the power of penal punishment, the power of sentencing suggestion is directly from the power of public prosecution，and the exercising...学位：法律硕士院系专业：法学院法律系_法律硕士(JM)学号：X20010800

Electrochemically shape-controlled formation of concave AuPd alloy nanoparticles on ITO substrate

运用电化学方波电位法, 在氧化铟锡(ITO)透明导电膜玻璃基底上实现AuPd纳米粒子的形状控制合成. 当固定方波下限电位0.30 V,; 上限电位分别为0.64和0.70 V时, 分别制备出内凹三八面体(TOH)和内凹六八面体(HOH) AuPd合金纳米粒子.; 运用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线能量散射谱(EDX)和电化学循环伏安法表征所制备的纳米粒子, 结果表明所制备的AuPd纳米粒子在ITO上分散均匀,; 具有清晰的内凹三八面体和内凹六八面体的形状, Au:Pd元素比均接近3:1. 但由于Au比Pd的表面自由能低,; 导致Au在AuPd合金纳米粒子表面富集.发现从合成的TOH AuPd合金纳米粒子出发, 对其施加下限电位0.30 V、上限电位0.70; V的方波电位处理, 可实现由TOH向HOH形状转变; 延长方波电位处理时间仅改变AuPd合金纳米粒子的尺寸, 但HOH形状保持不变.Shape-control of AuPd alloy nanoparticles (AuPd NPs) substrated on; indium-tin oxide (ITO) was successfully achieved, for the first time, by; using electrochemical square-wave-potential (SWP) method. Concave; trisoctahedral AuPd alloy NPs (TOH AuPd NPs) and concave hexoctahedral; AuPd alloy NPs (HOH AuPd NPs) were prepared under SWP conditions with; lower potential of 0.3 V while different upper potentials of 0.64 and; 0.70 V, respectively. Different techniques including SEM, EDX and; electrochemical cyclic voltammetry were employed to characterize the; morphology and composition of AuPd alloy NPs. The results demonstrated; that the as-prepared TOH AuPd NPs and HOH AuPd NPs are uniform in shape; of correspondingly concave TOH and concave HOH, and are well dispersed; on the ITO substrate. The composition in terms of and Au:Pd atomic ratio; of both TOH and HOH AuPd alloy NPs is determined by EDX around 3:1.; However, a surface enrichment of Au on the AuPd NPs was observed, and is; ascribed to the lower surface energy of Au in comparison with that of; Pd. It has been found that, starting from the as-synthesized TOH AuPd; NPs, shape transformation from TOH to HOH can be accomplished by; applying a treatment of square wave with lower potential of 0.3 V and; upper potential of 0.7 V. Prolonging the treatment time results in; increasing the size of AuPd NPs, while the HOH shape is preserved.国家自然科学基

单个纳米颗粒的光散射检测技术进展

纳米颗粒因其在生物医学和生物分析领域具有重要的应用前景而备受关注.单个纳米颗粒的光散射检测技术是一种简单、有效地对纳米颗粒的尺寸、尺寸分布及浓度等进行表征的分析方法,尤其在揭露纳米颗粒的内在异质性方面具有独特优势.然而瑞利散射强度随粒径减小呈六次方衰减,使得小尺寸单个纳米颗粒的检测非常具有挑战性.本文对近年发展起来的多种单个纳米颗粒的光散射检测技术进行综述

Z-十八碳-9-烯-丙磺酰胺对糖尿病认知功能障碍小鼠学习记忆功能的影响

探索新化合物Z-十八碳-9-烯-丙磺酰胺（N15）对糖尿病认知功能障碍（DACD）小鼠学习记忆功能的作用及机制。采用链脲佐菌素（STZ）连续小剂量腹腔注射以及高脂高糖加STZ诱导2型糖尿病小鼠模型,N15(50和100mg·kg-1·d-1)连续灌胃给药6周,于给药末期进行跳台、避暗以及Morris水迷宫测试以评价小鼠学习记忆功能;对海马内葡萄糖和乳酸水平进行测定;通过realtimePCR测定海马内突触成长相关蛋白-43（GAP-43）、突触素（SYN）、脑源性生长因子（BDNF）和神经营养因子-3（NT-3）m RNA的表达。结果表明,N15可显著改善模型小鼠学习记忆能力,降低海马内葡萄糖和乳酸含量,显著上调海马内GAP-43、SYN、BDNF和NT-3 m RNA表达水平。上述结果表明,新型化合物N15具有改善糖尿病认知功能障碍的作用,其机制可能与增加海马内突触生长相关因子和神经营养因子表达相关。福建省教育厅资助项目(JAT160583

Fish species diversity and community pattern in coral reefs of the Xisha Islands,South China Sea

为了解珊瑚礁海域鱼类物种多样性及其群落特征,作者2003年5月在西沙群岛7座主要岛礁(北礁、华光礁、金银岛、东岛、浪花礁、玉琢礁和永兴岛)采用底层刺网进行了调查,运用聚类分析和非度量多维标度(nMdS)等多元统计分析方法,对7个岛礁鱼类的种类组成、优势种、多样性和群落格局进行了分析。调查海域共记录鱼类146种,隶属10目31科;各主要岛礁的鱼类以典型的热带种类为主,如鹦嘴鱼科、蝴蝶鱼科、笛鲷科等珊瑚礁鱼类;白边锯鳞鳂(MyrIPrISTIS MurdJAn)、四带笛鲷(luTJAnuS kASMIrA)、灰若梅鲷(PArACAESIO SOrdIduS)、双带梅鲷(CAESIO dIAgrAMMA)、单板盾尾鱼(AXInuruS THynnOIdES)和灰六鳃鲨(HEXAnCHuS grISEuS)为主要优势种;全海域鱼类的SHAnnOn-WIEnEr多样性指数(H')在1.91–3.33之间,平均为2.81,明显高于纬度较高的东海和黄渤海海域;该海域鱼类可划分为两个群落,即永乐群岛群落(群落I)和宣德群岛群落(群落II)。AnOSIM和rElATE检验表明,两个群落间鱼类组成的差异显著(r=0.685,P=0.029<0.05),且群落格局较为稳定(r=0.958,P=0.003<0.01)。We assessed fish communities using bottom gillnet surveys in 7 coral reefs(Beijiao Reef,Huaguang Reef,Jinyin Island,Dongdao Island,Langhua Reef,Yuzhuo Reef and Yongxing Island) of the Xisha Islands in May,2003 and analyzed species composition and diversity,dominant species,and community pattern using the software Primer.A total of 146 fish species belonging to 31 families and 10 orders were collected during the survey.Fishes in the coral reefs were dominated by the typical tropical species,including members of the families Scaridae,Chaetodontidae and Lutjanidae.According to the Index of Relative Importance(IRI),the six most dominant fish species were Myripristis murdjan,Lutjanus kasmira,Paracaesio sordidus,Caesio diagramma,Axinurus thynnoides and Hexanchus griseus,respectively.Shannon-Wiener diversity indices(H') ranged from 1.91 to 3.33 among reefs,with an average of 2.81.Overall,diversity indices for the Xisha Islands were higher than those found in the East China Sea,the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea,all of which are found at a higher latitude.The spatial pattern of fish communities was analyzed using hierarchical clustering and non-metric multidimensional scaling.Two major groups based on fish assemblages were indentified,with group I located in the Yongle Islands and Group II in the Xuande Islands.ANOSIM and RELATE tests showed significant differences(R=0.685,P=0.029<0.05) in fish assemblages between these groups and the community pattern were quite stable(R=0.958,P=0.003<0.01).中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2010YD10、2009TS08);农业部近海渔业资源调查项目(070404

Dynamics of demersal fish species diversity and biomass of dominant species in autumn in the Beibu Gulf,northwestern South China Sea

根据1992年、2001年和2006年秋季在北部湾进行的底拖网调查数据,对该海域鱼类的种类组成、物种多样性、优势种及其数量的变动趋势进行分析。1992年共记录鱼类171种,隶属17目77科;2001年记录鱼类156种,隶属18目71科;2006年记录157种,隶属17目67科。3个年代记录的鱼类均以鲈形目的种类数最多,其中1992年为96种(占56.14%)、2001年90种(占57.69%)和2006年89种(占56.69%)。鱼类的PIElOu均匀度指数(J')和SHAnnOn-WIEnEr多样性指数(H')的变化趋势一致:以2001年最高,为0.72和3.64;其次为1992年,为0.64和3.27;2006年最低,分别为0.52和2.64。丰富度指数(d)呈逐年下降的趋势:为1992年的21.03,2001年的20.74和2006年的19.61。建立非线性回归模型对北部湾3个年代出现的6种共有优势种(发光鲷ACrOPOMA JAPOnICuM、带鱼TrICHIuruS HAuMElA、二长棘鲷PArArgyrOPS EdITA、黄斑鲾lEIOgnATHuS bInduS、竹荚鱼TrACHuruS JAPOnICuS和黄带绯鲤uPEnEuS SulPHurEuS)的数量变化趋势进行分析。结果表明:北部湾鱼类中的经济价值较高的优势种逐渐被低值和小型的鱼类所替代,但繁殖力较强和寿命较短的鱼类变动较小。在6种共同优势种中,黄斑鲾和发光鲷的渔获率呈上升趋势;带鱼和黄带绯鲤的渔获率呈下降趋势;而二长棘鲷和竹荚鱼的渔获率基本保持不变。研究结果表明,北部湾鱼类的优势种更替明显,总体变化趋势是k选择种类(以红笛鲷和黑印真鲨等为代表)逐渐被r选择种类(发光鲷、鲾科和天竺鱼科等为代表)所替代,即寿命长、个体大和营养级高的鱼类数量减少,寿命短、个体小和营养级较低的种类增多。The Beibu Gulf is a semi-enclosed gulf located in the northwestern South China Sea and surrounded by the land territories of China and Vietnam.The region has a tropical to subtropical climate.Thousands of fish and shellfish species have been identified in the Beibu Gulf and support some very important fisheries throughout the year in the region.Large scale resource surveys have been conducted over the last few decades to assess fisheries resources in the Beibu Gulf,and a large quantity of biological and environmental data have been collected.Such scientific data are perfect for evaluating changes in the ecosystem and answers questions such as what changes have occurred over the last few decades to the fisheries ecosystem in the Beibu Gulf? In the study,we analyzed data collected in otter trawl surveys in the Beibu Gulf in autumn 1992,2001 and 2006 to evaluate fish species composition and diversity,dominant species,and their biomasses.The analysis showed that 171 fish species caught in the 1992 autumn survey in the Beibu Gulf Gulf belonged to 77 families and 17 orders,a total of 156 fish species belonging to 71 families and 18 orders were found in the 2001 survey and 157 species belonging to 67 families and 17 orders were identified in 2006.Perciformes had the highest number of fish species,96 species(accounting for 56.14%) in 1992,90 species(57.69%) in 2001 and 89 species(56.69%) in 2006.The Pielou evenness index(J′) had the same temporal trend as the Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H′).Both indices were the highest in 2001,followed by those in 1992 and 2006.The Margalef richness index(D) reduced from 21.03 in 1992 to 20.74 in 2001 and to 19.61 in 2006.Nonlinear regression models were developed to quantify the temporal trends of biomass of the 6 dominant species(Acropoma japonicum,Trichiurus haumela,Parargyrops edita,Leiognathus bindus,Trachurus japonicas and Upeneus sulphureus) in the Beibu Gulf.The dominant species were found to shift from the high-value fish species to the low-value species,but no significant changes for fish species with high reproduction rates and short life spans.The catch rates increased during the survey period for A.japonicum and L.bindus,decreased for T.haumela and U.sulphureus,and remained similar for P.edita and T.japonicus.This study shows an apparent succession of the dominant species with an overall trend of the K-selection species(such as Lutjanus sanguineus and Carcharhinus menisorrah) being replaced by the r-selection species(such as A.japonicum,Leiognathus,and Apogonichthys).The abundance of fish species with long life span,large size and high trophic levels decreased,while short-lived and small-sized fish species in low trophic levels increased their abundance over the time period covered by the survey.The study provides important evidence of changes occurring in the Beibu Gulf ecosystem.农业部近海渔业资源调查项目(070404);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2007TS08;2007ZD08;2009TS08;2010YD10);广东省海洋渔业资源综合评价(GD908-02-05

Fish species composition and community pattern in the continental shelf of northwestern South China Sea

根据2006—2007年在南海西北部陆架区海域进行的4航次底拖网调查数据,对该海域鱼类的种类组成和群落格局进行分析。调查共采获鱼类262种,隶属于20目102科。以冬季出现种类数最多,为166种;夏季和秋季次之,分别为161种和155种;春季最少,为135种。运用聚类分析和非度量多维标度(nMdS)方法分析了南海西北部陆架区鱼类群落结构的空间分布。研究表明,该海域鱼类可划分为5个群落,分别为粤西沿岸群落(群落Ⅰ)、海南岛东南沿岸群落(群落Ⅱ)、海南岛东部深海群落(群落Ⅲ)、过渡群落(群落Ⅳ)和混合群落(群落V)。AnOSIM检验表明,各群落间鱼类组成的差异极为显著(r=0.847-0.939,P<0.001)。鱼类群落格局的变化与海流和水深关系密切,有较明显的沿水深梯度分布的规律。咸淡水鱼类在雷州半岛东部的冷涡区域,形成群落Ⅰ;南海暖流控制区域内的深海鱼类,形成群落Ⅲ;在南海暖流最为强劲的冬季,研究区域内大部分鱼类集结为混合性群落V;琼东南沿岸的上升流区内形成群落Ⅱ;沿岸流强劲的夏、秋季,在沿岸流和上升流交汇处,形成过渡性群落Ⅳ。To understand fish species composition,community pattern,dominant species and seasonal variation in the continental shelf of northwestern South China Sea,four otter trawl surveys were conducted in January and August 2006,and April and November 2007,representing winter,summer,spring and autumn,respectively.Sixteen stations were assigned in each otter trawl survey along the coastlines from eastern Leizhou Peninsula to southeastern Hainan Island.Fish collection and data analysis followed the National Marine Survey Standards(GB/T12763.6—2007).Totally 262 fish species,from 102 families and 20 orders,were collected in the four seasonal surveys.The results revealed that the highest species diversity was in winter with 166 species recorded and the lowest was in spring with 135 species recorded;161 and 155 species were recorded in summer and autumn,respectively.The Order Perciformes was the most important fish group in the continental shelf of northwestern South China Sea;the highest species diversity recorded was the Perciformes in all four seasons,and 40 out of 72 species recorded year-round belonged to the Perciformes.Species found in all four seasons contributed to 80.34% of total fish biomass.Ninety-one species found only in a single season contributed to 1.62% of total fish biomass.The spatial pattern of fish communities was analyzed using the hierarchical clustering and non-metric multi-dimensional scaling(NMDS),five fish groups were indentified.The Group Ⅰ,recorded in all four seasons,was located in the coastal waters of western Guangdong Province and consisted of 3 or 4 stations.The scale and the distribution area of the Group Ⅰ were stable among seasons.The Group Ⅱ,recorded in spring,summer and autumn,was located in the coastal waters of southeastern Hainan Island and consisted of 6—9 stations.The scale and the distribution area of the Group Ⅱ had seasonal variation.The Group Ⅲ,recorded in spring,summer and autumn,was located in the deep waters of eastern Hainan Island and consisted of 4 stations.The scale and the distribution area of the Group Ⅲ were stable.The Group Ⅳ as a transitional community,recorded in summer and autumn only,was located in the deep waters of eastern Hainan Island and consisted of 1—3 stations.The scale and the distribution area of the Group Ⅳ were small and changed largely with season.The Group Ⅴ as a mixed community,recorded in winter only,was also located in the deep waters of eastern Hainan Island and consisted of 13 stations.The scale and the distribution area of the Group Ⅴ were the largest among the 5 groups.Based on the analysis of similarities(ANOSIM),the results showed the significant differences(R=0.847-0.939,P <0.001) in fish community pattern for all four seasons.Although the station combinations in each fish community had seasonal variation,the correlation coefficients on the community similarities between spring and summer,between summer and autumn and between autumn and winter were 0.780,0.630 and 0.777,respectively.The variations of fish community pattern are closely related to ocean currents and depth.The brackish fishes distributed in the cold eddy area of eastern Leizhou Peninsula and contributed to the Group Ⅰ.The deep sea fishes along the South China Sea Warm Current in eastern Hainan Island contributed to the Group Ⅲ.In winter with the strongest South China Sea Warm Current recorded in the deep waters of eastern Hainan Island,the area was dominated by fishes from the mixed Group Ⅴ.Because of the upwelling in the coastal waters of southeastern Hainan Island the area was dominated by fishes from the Group Ⅱ.In summer and autumn,the coastal current was strong and mixed with the upwelling in the deep waters of eastern Hainan Island;therefore,the area was dominated by fishes from the transitional Group Ⅳ.This study provides scientific evidences for further sustainable fisheries development and conservation in the continental shelf of northwestern South China Sea.我国近海海洋综合调查与评价专项(908-01-ST08); 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所)资助项目(2009TS08;2010YD01和2010YD10); 农业部近海渔业资源调查项目(070404); 海洋公益性行业科研专项(201005012); 广东省海洋渔业资源综合评价资助项目(GD908-02-05

OGLE-2019-BLG-1470LABc : another microlensing giant planet in a binary system?

We report the discovery and analysis of a candidate triple-lens single-source (3L1S) microlensing event, OGLE-2019-BLG-1470. This event was first classified as a normal binary-lens single-source (2L1S) event, but a careful 2L1S modelling showed that it needs an additional lens or source to fit the observed data. It is found that the 3L1S model provides the best fit, but the binary-lens binary-source (2L2S) model is only disfavoured by Δχ2 ≃ 18. All of the feasible models include a planet with planet-to-host mass-ratios 10−3 ≲ q ≲ 10−2. A Bayesian analysis based on a Galactic model indicates that the planet is super-Jovian, and the projected host-planet separation is about 3 au. Specifically, for the best-fitting 3L1S model, the two stars have masses of M1=0.57+0.43−0.32M⊙⁠, and M2=0.18+0.15−0.10M⊙ with projected separation of 1.3+0.5−0.5 au, and the planetary mass is M3=2.2+1.8−1.3MJupiter⁠. For the 2L2S model, the masses of the host star and the planet are 0.55+0.44−0.31M⊙ and 4.6+3.7−2.6MJupiter⁠, respectively. By investigating the properties of all known microlensing planets in binary systems, we find that all planets in binary systems published by the KMTNet survey are located inside the resonant caustics range with q ≳ 2 × 10−3, indicating the incompleteness of the KMTNet sample for planets in binary systems. Thus, planets in binary systems cannot be included in the current study of the KMTNet mass-ratio function, and a systematic search for planetary anomalies in KMTNet microlensing light curves of binary systems is needed

The dynamics of the TRAPPIST-1 system in the context of its formation

ABSTRACT TRAPPIST-1 is an 0.09 M⊙ star, which harbours a system of seven Earth-sized planets. Two main features stand out: (i) all planets have similar radii, masses, and compositions; and (ii) all planets are in resonance. Previous works have outlined a pebble-driven formation scenario where planets of similar composition form sequentially at the H2O snowline (∼0.1 au for this low-mass star). It was hypothesized that the subsequent formation and migration led to the current resonant configuration. Here, we investigate whether the sequential planet formation model is indeed capable to produce the present-day resonant configuration, characterized by its two-body and three-body mean motion resonances structure. We carry out N-body simulations, accounting for type-I migration, stellar tidal damping, disc eccentricity-damping, and featuring a migration barrier located at the disc’s inner edge. Due to the sequential migration, planets naturally form a chain of first-order resonances. But to explain the period ratios of the b/c/d-system, which are presently in higher order resonances, we find that planets b and c must have marched across the migration barrier, into the gas-free cavity, before the disc has dispersed. We investigate both an early and late cavity infall scenario and find that the early infall model best matches the constraints, as well as being more probable. After the dispersal of the gaseous disc, stellar tidal torque also contributes towards a modest separation of the inner system. We outline how the insights obtained in this work can be applied to aid the understanding of other compact resonant planet systems.</jats:p