Construction of genome BAC library for single Branchiostoma belcheri individual

隶属于头索动物亚门的文昌鱼是现存生物中最近似于脊椎动物亚门直接祖先的一个类群,具有重要的进化地位,是研究脊椎动物原始祖先的重要材料和模式动物。随着文昌鱼实验室连续繁殖的成功,全基因组测序成为中国文昌鱼模式化急需完成的工作之一。文章从单条雄性白氏文昌鱼精巢组织中提取高质量的基因组dnA,经ECOrⅠ限制性内切酶和ECOrⅠ甲基化酶酶切,脉冲场电泳选择合适酶切dnA片段,连接线性磷酸化的载体PCC1bAC,转化大肠杆菌EPI300 E.COlI,构建了含有44706个克隆的全基因组bAC(bACTErIAl ArTIfICIAl CHrOMOSOME)文库,该文库平均插入片段80kb,具有9倍的基因组覆盖率,基本能够满足功能基因等研究需要,为中国文昌鱼全基因组测序打下基础。As one of the closest living invertebrate relatives of vertebrates,amphioxus(subphylum Cephalochordata) occupies a key position in animal evolution and is becoming the best available proxy and model animal for studying the last common ancestor of all chordates,especially vertebrates.As long-term continuous culturing of amphioxus in laboratory became reliable,for pushing this animal to be a more successful model system,whole-genome sequencing of one or more species derived from this branch will be another urgent issue needed to address.In the present study,we described the construction and characterization of a bacterial artificial chromosome(BAC) library,using a single individual of Chinese amphioxus(Branchiostoma belcheri).High quality genomic DNA extracted from the spermary was partially digested with EcoRⅠand EcoRⅠmethylase.Desirable DNA fragments were isolated by pulsed field gel electrophoresis(PFGE),ligated to linearized and phosphorylased carrier pCC1BAC,and then transformed to Escherichia coli EPI300.The constructed library consists of 44 706 clones with the average insert fragment size around 80 kb as estimated by PFGE.The representation of the library is about 9 equivalents to the amhioxus genome.These results indicate that the BAC library will be useful for functional genomic studies and facilitate the whole-genome sequencing of Chinese amphioxus.国家高技术研究发展计划项目(863计划)(编号:2008AA092602)资

中国物理海洋学研究70年：发展历程、学术成就概览

本文概略评述新中国成立70年来物理海洋学各分支研究领域的发展历程和若干学术成就。中国物理海洋学研究起步于海浪、潮汐、近海环流与水团,以及以风暴潮为主的海洋气象灾害的研究。随着国力的增强,研究领域不断拓展,涌现了大量具有广泛影响力的研究成果,其中包括:提出了被国际广泛采用的"普遍风浪谱"和"涌浪谱",发展了第三代海浪数值模式;提出了"准调和分析方法"和"潮汐潮流永久预报"等潮汐潮流的分析和预报方法;发现并命名了"棉兰老潜流",揭示了东海黑潮的多核结构及其多尺度变异机理等,系统描述了太平洋西边界流系;提出了印度尼西亚贯穿流的南海分支(或称南海贯穿流);不断完善了中国近海陆架环流系统,在南海环流、黑潮及其分支、台湾暖流、闽浙沿岸流、黄海冷水团环流、黄海暖流、渤海环流,以及陆架波方面均取得了深刻的认识;从大气桥和海洋桥两个方面对太平洋–印度洋–大西洋洋际相互作用进行了系统的总结;发展了浅海水团的研究方法,基本摸清了中国近海水团的分布和消长特征与机制,在大洋和极地水团分布及运动研究方面也做出了重要贡献;阐明了南海中尺度涡的宏观特征和生成机制,揭示了中尺度涡的三维结构,定量评估了其全球物质与能量输运能力;基本摸清了中国近海海洋锋的空间分布和季节变化特征,提出了地形、正压不稳定和斜压不稳定等锋面动力学机制;构建了"南海内波潜标观测网",实现了对内波生成–演变–消亡全过程机理的系统认识;发展了湍流的剪切不稳定理论,提出了海流"边缘不稳定"的概念,开发了海洋湍流模式,提出了湍流混合参数化的新方法等;在海洋内部混合机制和能量来源方面取得了新的认识,并阐述了混合对海洋深层环流、营养物质输运等过程的影响;研发了全球浪–潮–流耦合模式,推出一系列海洋与气候模式;发展了可同化主要海洋观测数据的海洋数据同化系统和用于ENSO预报的耦合同化系统;建立了达到国际水准的非地转(水槽/水池)和地转(旋转平台)物理模型实验平台;发展了ENSO预报的误差分析方法,建立了海洋和气候系统年代际变化的理论体系,揭示了中深层海洋对全球气候变化的响应;初步建成了中国近海海洋观测网;持续开展南北极调查研究;建立了台风、风暴潮、巨浪和海啸的业务化预报系统,为中国气象减灾提供保障;突破了国外的海洋技术封锁,研发了万米水深的深水水听器和海洋光学特性系列测量仪器;建立了溢油、危险化学品漂移扩散等预测模型,为伴随海洋资源开发所带来的风险事故的应急处理和预警预报提供科学支撑。文中引用的大量学术成果文献(每位第一作者优选不超过3篇)显示,经过70年的发展,中国物理海洋学研究培养了一支实力雄厚的科研队伍,这是最宝贵的成果。这支队伍必将成为中国物理海洋学研究攀登新高峰的主力军

“有限初始变形”屈曲实验和理论研究（英文）

The initial deformation of structures before the onset of buckling is usually very small in conventional concepts, and is always neglected in the conventional buckling theory(CBT) and numerical method(CNM). In this work, we find a class of structures from the emerging field of stretchable electronics, of which the initial deformation becomes large and essential for determining the critical buckling load. The buckling of these structures is referred to as the ‘finite-initial-deformation buckling'(FID buckling). Although great progress has been made for the buckling theory in the past hundred years, it is still challenging to analyze the FID buckling behaviors. Here, experimental stretch of a series of serpentine interconnects was firstly conducted as a representative example to show the FID buckling behaviors and the inapplicability of the CBT and CNM. The CNM can yield a huge error of 50% on the critical buckling load for the case with thickness-to-width ratio of the cross section h/b=0.6. Most importantly, a systematic theory(FID buckling theory) is developed to analyze the FID buckling behaviors of beams, with the coupling of bending, twist and stretch/compression. As a comparison, various theoretical and numerical methods are applied to three classic problems, including lateral buckling of a three-point-bending beam, lateral buckling of a pure bending beam and Euler buckling. Our FID buckling theory is able to give a good prediction, while the CBT(by Timoshenko et al.) and CNM(by commercial program packages) yield unacceptable results(with 70% error for a three-point-bending beam with h/b=0.8, for example)

基于波长选择开关的ROADM实现研究

可重构光分插复用（ROADM）设备可以通过软件实现远程节点上、下路和直通波长的配置。文章首先介绍了ROADM设备结构的演进过程,然后通过比较基于波长选择开关（WSS）的结构的ROADM设备,采用不同逻辑实现方式获得了不同特性,最后探讨了WSS的实现技术

Study on the nitrogen changes during the composting of chicken manure and different straws under higher temperature

以鸡粪与小麦秸杆和玉米秸杆为堆肥原料,在自制的强制通风静态垛堆肥反应器中进行堆肥试验,研究堆肥制作过程中各种氮素形态的变化及迁移特征。结果显示,堆制中堆温变化分为高温期、降温期、稳定期3个阶段;含水量的减少量较低;两处理铵态氮含量在高温期增加,在降温期降低,整个堆制期间分别减少了69.9%和57.0%;硝态氮含量在高温期分别降低了0.236和0.254g/kg,降温期和稳定期增加,堆制结束时较初始分别增加了1.52和3.04倍;有机氮在高温期和降温期增加,在降温后期和稳定期降低,堆制期间分别减少了1.4%和20.7%;堆制结束时总氮分别减少了7.7%和22.2%,渗沥液中硝态氮和有机氮的浓度较高。堆制期间有机碳分别降解了37.9%和37.3%;pH值在高温期分别达9.16和9.37,堆制结束时分别为8.05和8.27。综合分析表明,氮素的损失主要是降温期氨的挥发和稳定期硝态氮与水溶性有机氮的淋失