The Folk Law and Primary Justice

我国学者关注民间法的研究始于上世纪末。然而，对民间法的研究更多的是关注宏观问题，诸如民间法与国家法的关系及民间法的本体论问题，而从微观角度研究民间法的并不占多数。本文正是从微观角度、从“活生生”的现实——基层司法——中来研究民间法。本文除引言和结语外，正文部分共分四章。 第一章结合案例对民间法在基层司法中的具体体现进行阐述，揭示出民间法对基层司法的影响或者实际作用。具体而言：从解纷方式来看，民间法在基层司法中既体现在司法判决中，更体现在司法调解中；从不同部门法司法领域来看，有民事、刑事等领域，并且主要是在民事领域也即自治领域；同时，本部分还特别论述了少数民族地区民间法运用于基层司法的情形，这...The study on the folk law in our China began in the last century. However, the study on the folk law is more concerned about the macro issues, such as the study of the relationship between the folk law and the state law, and ontological problems of the folk law, the study on the folk law from the micro perspective is not the majority. This article is the expatiation from the microscopic view about...学位：法学硕士院系专业：法学院法律系_法学理论学号：1362008115063

慢病毒敲减质粒pLKO.1-hSRF的构建及鉴定

目的:构建敲减人血清反应因子SRF基因的慢病毒质粒,为进一步研究SRF在口腔鳞状细胞癌中的作用提供工具。方法:利用Thermo Fisher公司RNAi网站设计出针对SRF基因特异性敲减的片段,然后通过对pLKO.1载体进行双酶切,胶回收纯化后,经T4连接酶将双酶切线性化载体与设计的目的片段进行连接,转化和质粒提取,采用双酶切以及测序的方法对重组质粒进行序列鉴定。利用293T细胞对构建正确的pLKO.1-hSRF质粒进行病毒包装后感染SAS口腔鳞癌细胞,经嘌呤霉素筛选获得稳定株,并通过Western blot和实时荧光定量PCR对稳定转染细胞株的敲减效率进行验证。结果:构建出的慢病毒敲减质粒pLKO.1-hSRF经测序和酶切鉴定均正确,感染该慢病毒质粒的SAS细胞后,其SRF蛋白表达量和mRNA水平与对照组相比均显著下降(P<0.01)。结论:慢病毒敲减质粒pLKO.1-hSRF构建成功,获得SRF低表达的SAS细胞株。国家自然科学基金(81671001,81771079,207201);;福建省中青年骨干人才项目(2015-ZQN-ZD-35);;厦门医学院科研基金(K2015-06);;厦门市重大疾病联合攻关项目(3502Z20179051

利用收缩扩张喷管实现电弧弧根气动分散

电极烧蚀是影响电弧等离子体发生器寿命和性能的关键因素,这与电弧的近电极行为密切相关。相较于集聚型的弧根贴附,扩散型的弧根更利于减小热烧蚀,从而提高电极寿命并提高放电稳定性。弧根的贴附行为与电弧在电极壁面附近的输运特性以及弧根所受的气动力和电磁力相关。本文分析了利用收缩-扩张喷管实现弧根气动分散的关键影响因素

热等离子体加热的长时间超高速稀薄气体流动地面模拟

在高层临近空间(100 km附近)以接近第一宇宙速度(7.9km/s)巡航的新型飞行器对我国国家战略安全以及空间和平利用具有重大意义,是实现我国空天科技跨越式发展的关键之一。100公里高度空域属于大气层边缘,稀薄气体效应、真实气体效应、化学/热非平衡效应显著。地面模拟该区域超高速流动的相似准则从传统的马赫数、雷诺数相似转变为双尺度律,即来流绝对速度以及来流密度与飞行器特征尺度的乘积相同。同时,由于稀薄气动力热的时间累积效应,持续数分钟的长时间稳定来流条件成为提高测试数据准确度的必要保障。在持续有喷流的情况下仍要维持相对较高真空度以满足稀薄相似的需求,这对地面模拟系统提出了苛刻要求。本文利用优化结构的热等离子体发生器,实现了高比焓能量注入;基于自由分子流的真空流导分析和数值模拟,对有载条件下0.01~1Pa范围的长时间维持真空系统进行了优化;获得了满足相似准则的来流条件,可为新型过渡流区超高速巡航飞行器的气动特性研究提供参考

Plasma and electrode emissions from a 1 kW hydrogen-nitrogen arcjet thruster

Arc root behavior affects the energy transfer and nozzle erosion in an arcjet thruster. To investigate the development of arc root attachment in 1 kW class N2 and H2-N2 arcjet thrusters from the time of ignition to the stably working condition, a kinetic series of end-on view images of the nozzle obtained by a high-speed video camera was analyzed. The addition of hydrogen leads to higher arc voltage levels and the determining factor for the mode of arc root attachment was found to be the nozzle temperature. At lower nozzle temperatures, constricted type attachment with unstable motions of the arc root was observed, while a fully diffused and stable arc root was observed at elevated nozzle temperatures

Fluctuations in a direct current argon plasma jet at reduced pressure

Dynamic measurements of the ion saturation current in the plasma plume by a double-electrostatic probe system were carried out. Regular signals obtained by the electros- tatic probe show good agreement with the stable plasma flow state. Dependence of the flow steadiness on the plasma generation parameters was discussed. As a fast response method, the double-electrostatic probe system is feasible to characterize the fluctuations in the plasma jet

Modeling Influence of Temperature and Salinity on Growth Rate of Larva in Noble Scallop,Chlamys nobilis(Reeve) by Response Surface Methodology(RSM)

采用中心复合设计(CEnTrAl COMPOSITE dESIgn,CCd)的试验设计法研究了温度和盐度2个环境因子对华贵栉孔扇贝幼虫生长的影响。同时采用响应曲面分析法及基于响应曲面基础之上的满意度函数法确立了生长的二次回归方程,同时进行优化处理得到温度与盐度的最佳组合。结果表明,在华贵栉孔扇贝幼虫生长过程中温度与盐度在一定的范围内的互作效应不显著,其中温度效应较为明显。温度对壳长瞬时生长影响的一次项效应和二次项效应均达到显著水平(P<0.000 1)。盐度对壳长瞬时生长影响一次项效应显著(P<0.000 1),然而,盐度对壳长瞬时生长影响的二次项效应达到显著水平(P<0.000 1)。分析响应曲面法优化温度和盐度对华贵栉孔扇贝幼虫壳长瞬时生长率的影响,其结果显示最佳温度与盐度组合为25.33℃与29.42‰,此条件下瞬时生长率为7.91%,其满意度函数值达到85.57%。在生产实践中,严格控制温度和盐度范围,使其在最优值范围内,将会显著提高苗种生产效率。In this study,the combined effects of temperature and salinity on the instantaneous growth rate(IGR) of larva in noble scallop,Chlamys nobilis,was evaluated using the central composite orthogonal quadratic design and the response surface methodology.The results showed that the linear effects of temperature on IGR was statistically highly significant(P<0.000 1);the linear effects of salinity on IGR was significant(P<0.000 1).The interactions between temperature and salinity on IGR was not significant;the quadratic effects of temperature and salinity on the IGR was highly significant(P<0.000 1);temperature was more important in influencing growth of larvaof C.nobilis.By applying the simultaneous optimization technique,the optimum factor combination,i.e.,25.33 ℃ and 29.42‰ was found out,at which the optimal IGR(7.91%)arrived simultaneously,with the desirability value as high as 85.57 %.It is anticipated that application of the optimal temperature-salinity combination to practice would improve the productive efficiency of C.nobilis.国家自然科学基金(31160528); 国家海洋公益性行业科研专项(201405020-5); 海洋公益专项科研基金(201205021); 南海生物资源开发与利用协同创新中

石墨保型烧蚀行为研究

临近空间高超声速飞行器(飞行马赫数>5),具有快速响应、超强突防、灵活机动等特点,涉及国家安全与和平利用空间,是目前国际竞相争夺空间技术的焦点之一,是综合国力的体现。然而,临近空间空域特性复杂,高超声速飞行带来的多场耦合、强非线性特性使得临近空间高超高声速飞行器的研发异常困难。例如,在高超声速飞行器设计中必须考虑激波引起的阻力和热流。采用尖锐外形的鼻锥可以一方面将正激波转变为斜激波,从而有效减小激波阻力;另一方面还可以降低飞行器主体的表面热流。然而在力热耦合的严苛烧蚀环境下,一般材料很难保持尖锐外形,使得其减阻降热效果很快失效。我们的前期研究表明,具有热升华特性的石墨钝头体在典型烧蚀条件下可以烧成非常尖锐的构型,并且在整个烧蚀期间保持该构型。为深入研究石墨保型烧蚀行为,本文采用操作简单、可控性好、运行成本低的小型电弧风洞,系统研究了不同石墨材料在不同烧蚀条件下的烧蚀行为。分别采用氮气、氮氧混合气作为等离子体气体,电弧功率范围为18-30k W,烧蚀背压为300-1000Pa,烧蚀时间为300-1200s。对不同类型石墨棒在不同烧蚀条件下的表面温度、质量烧蚀率、线性烧蚀率等进行了表征,初步探索了石墨保型烧蚀机理