Assessment of Damage of Marine Ecosystem Services Caused by Offshore Oil Spill Based on REA

人类对海洋石油资源的开发与利用日益扩大，频繁的海上运输和海上油田勘探开发导致石油泄漏事故屡屡发生。近年来石油污染正逐渐成为我国海洋环境中的主要污染物，且污染量呈上升趋势，其中近岸海域溢油事件频繁发生，且近岸海域生态系统敏感度高，故人类活动造成的溢油事故对近岸海域生态系统造成重大压力。海洋溢油事件所引发的生态损害之技术问题，已成为国内外该领域研究和政府管理部门制定相关规范的重大需求。然而，在中国目前完成的海洋溢油损害赔偿案例中，所获赔偿仍多集中于清污、渔业资源损失等直接费用，生态系统损害等间接影响则仍处于研究层面，研究内容则鲜少涉足生态系统服务功能损失评估。因此，开展近岸溢油对海洋生态系统服务功...The development and utilization of offshore oil resources are enlarging increasingly, because of the frequent maritime transport and oil exploration, the oil spill accidents occur frequently. Petroleum have become the main contaminant in seawater in China and the oil pollution is getting worse and worse. Among the oil spill accident, most of which occurred in coastal waters. Due to the highly sens...学位：理学硕士院系专业：海洋与地球学院_海岸带综合管理学号：2242011115136

生物质快速热解制取生物油研究现状探析

生物质快速热解制得的生物油可以用作燃料和化工产品,具有替代化石能源的巨大潜力,生物油的产率和组成取决于生物质组成和工艺操作参数。通过对生物质快速热解反应及热解反应器的介绍,着重讨论了生物质原料、热解反应温度、热解时间、升温速率、蒸气停留时间、进料率速度、颗粒大小、生物量组成、催化剂及其原料预处理对生物油产率的影响,以期为今后生物质热解的相关研究提供参考。国家自然科学基金面上项目(31670599)资助;;\n云南省教育厅科学研究基金研究生项目(2018Y115)资助;;\n云南省新能源重大科技专项(2015ZB001)资

木质生物质催化热解制备富烃生物油研究进展

生物油是木质生物质等原料经过热解获得的绿色产物,富含多种化学和生物活性物质,在石油替代方面具有发展潜力。生物质催化热解技术是制备高品质生物油的主要途径,但由于生物油含氧量比较高、目标产物选择性比较低、催化剂易结焦失活,限制了其应用。笔者从木质生物质热解机理及其反应途径、催化剂(金属氧化物、金属盐类、微孔催化剂、介孔催化剂)及其催化热解转化机理与产物调控机制、供氢试剂(四氢化萘、甲醇、废旧塑料、废弃油脂及其他供氢试剂)及其共催化热解转化机理等方面综述了木质生物质催化热解制备高品质生物油的进展,概述了催化热解过程中生物油的热解特性、产物组成以及转化机理,并对存在的问题及其解决方案进行了分析,展望了未来的发展方向,以期为木质生物质的高效转化利用提供依据和参考。国家自然科学基金(31670599,31870570);;厦门大学闽江学者特聘教授科研启动项目;;国家林业局“948”项目(2013-4-08);;云南省教育厅项目(ZD2014012,2018JS325

Assessment on the Ecosystem Service Losses Methods of Marine Oil Spill

当前,海洋溢油事件所引发的生态损害之技术问题,已成为国内外该领域研究和政府管理部门制定相关规范的重要需求。然而,在中国目前完成的海洋溢油损害赔偿案例中,所获赔偿仍多集中于清污、渔业资源损失等直接费用,生态系统损害等间接影响则仍处于研究层面,研究内容则鲜少涉足生态服务功能损失评估。本文归纳了生态服务功能概念的历史演化,概括了海洋溢油生态服务功能损失评估方法,通过评述和分析,为我国海洋溢油管理的研究与实践提供参考。At present,the technical problems of the ecological damage assessment caused by oil spill,has become a significant requirement for this research field and the government to formulate the relevant management measures.However,in the current cases of marine oil spill damage claim in China,most compensation focus on the direct losses including the loss of fishery resources,the cost of the rack cleaner,etc.; the indirect effects,like the ecosystem damage,have been concerned but still at the theoretical research phase.There was rare study about the assessment on the ecosystem service losses.This paper summarizes and analyzes the historical evolution of the ecological services,and the assessment methods of marine ecosystem service losses,in order to provide valuable references for the oil spill research and management in China.海洋公益性行业科研专项(编号:200805095); 国家海洋局海洋溢油鉴别与损害评估技术重点实验室2012年度开放基

鱼油的绿色制备工艺、标准规范 及营养功效研究进展Progress on green preparation process, standard specifications and nutritional efficacy of fish oil

鱼油富含ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸、维生素A、维生素D和天然色素等营养物质，具有多种营养功效。为促进我国鱼油产业的绿色可持续发展，保障产品质量安全，结合国内外研究进展，分别从鱼油的绿色制备工艺、标准规范和营养功效等方面进行综述，梳理了应用于鱼油生产的水酶法、超临界流体萃取法、超声辅助提取法、微波辅助提取法等绿色制备工艺，基于国内外鱼油相关的标准规范，阐述了鱼油的基本成分和质量指标、污染物限量和添加剂限量等，探讨了鱼油在预防心血管疾病、抗炎和预防脑部疾病方面的营养功效，并针对鱼油应用中存在的问题进行了分析和展望。未来应深入研究鱼油制备新工艺，完善相关标准规范，并进一步探究其生物活性机制。 Fish oil is rich in nutrients such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA), vitamin A/D and natural pigments, and has a variety of nutritional efficacy. To promote the green and sustainable development of the fish oil industry of China and ensure the safety and quality of fish oil products, the green preparation process, standard specifications and nutritional efficacy of fish oil were reviewed based on recent progresses at home and abroad. Several green preparation processes, including aqueous enzymatic extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction methods were analyzed. Based on the relevant standard specifications of fish oil at home and abroad, the basic components and quality indicators, pollutant limits, and additive limits of fish oil were elaborated. The nutritional efficacy of fish oil in preventing cardiovascular diseases, anti-inflammation and preventing brain diseases were investigated, and the issues present in the application of fish oil were analyzed and prospected. In the future, it is necessary to conduct extensive research on the development of new preparation process for fish oil, as well as to improve the related standard specifications. Furthermore, it is essential to explore the biological activity mechanisms of fish oil in greater depth

放牧对草地土壤种子库的影响/Effects of livestock grazing on soil seed bank: A review[J]

放牧是草地利用的主要方式.在放牧过程中,牲畜通过采食、排泄和践踏等方式直接或间接地影响草地土壤种子库,土壤种子库和植物群落间的关系也因此会发生变化.本文主要从放牧对土壤种子库规模、物种组成、空间分布格局及土壤种子库和植物群落间的互作关系4个方面做了归纳总结,旨在为草地生态系统的可持续利用和管理提供理论依据

蒙古野驴(Equus hemionus)昼间行为时间分配初探/Diurnal time budgets and activity rhythm of the Khulan[J]

于2007年和2010年采用焦点动物取样法研究了新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类野生动物保护区蒙古野驴昼间行为时间分配和活动节律,共采集行为数据460 h,观察蒙古野驴2 760头次,将蒙古野驴昼间行为分为采食、移动、警戒、休息和“其他”5类.采用卡方检验分析不同季节各种行为时间分配,结果表明:季节因素对蒙古野驴行为时间分配存在极显著影响(X2=79.06,df=12,P＜0.01).采用ANOVA分析同季节不同行为间差异,结果表明,春季:移动、警戒、“其他”两两间无显著差异(P＞0.05),其余两两间差异显著(P＜0.05)；夏季:仅移动与“其他”间无显著差异(P＞0.05)；秋冬季:仅警戒与“其他”间无显著差异(P＞0.05).对蒙古野驴昼间活动节律研究结果表明,蒙古野驴采食时间比例在春季各时段均较高(＞45％),仅中午(14:00 ～ 15:00)有1个低谷(27.62％),夏秋季则为晨昏采食模式,冬季采食峰值(87.85％)在中午时段( 13:00 ～ 14:00).休息和采食高峰在各季节交叉出现,呈现此消彼长的趋势.各季节移动主要发生在晨昏时段.蒙古野驴以特定的行为时间分配模式和活动节律适应环境条件季节性变化,如气候条件、食物资源、人为干扰、生理期、昼间长度、捕食风险等