[[alternative]]Transient analysis of an interface crack between two dissimilar piezoelectric materials

碩士[[abstract]]本文研究內含電極邊界條件之界面裂紋的壓電複合材料動力破壞問題，解析一含半無限長界面裂紋之六角雙異層壓電材料複合層板，於裂紋面上施加反平面均佈動力載荷之暫態效應。本文使用積分轉換法與Wiener-Hopf技巧推導壓電材料於拉普拉氏轉換域中之解，接著使用Cagniard-de Hoop方法來作拉普拉斯逆轉換得到時域中的全場暫態解析解，並求出應力強度因子與電位移強度因子等解析解。文中並對表面波存在的條件做詳細之研究，最後，將針對應力與電位移之暫態解做數值計算與討論。[[abstract]]In this study, the transient response of a semi-infinite interface crack between two dissimilar piezoelectric materials with the electrode boundary condition is investigated. The interface crack is subjected to dynamic anti-plane uniform loading on the crack faces. The problem is solved by the application of integral transform methods and the Wiener-Hopf technique. Exact analytical transient full-field solutions for displacements, shear stresses, electric potentials, electric displacements, and intensity factors are obtained by using the Cagniard-de Hoop method of Laplace inversion. The existence condition of a propagating surface wave along the interface is studied in detail. Finally, numerical results are evaluated and discussed in detail.[[tableofcontents]]目錄 目錄 I 圖表目錄 III 第一章 緒論 1 1.1研究動機 1 1.3內容簡介 6 第二章 理論基礎 7 2.1 線性壓電控制與本構方程式 7 2.2 拉普拉斯轉換與Cagniard-de Hoop method 15 第三章 界面裂紋受反平面動力均佈載荷之暫態解析 16 3.1 問題描述 16 3.2 理論解析 17 3.3 之有無實根判斷以及有實根拆解 24 3.4 函數之無根拆解 31 3.5 函數拆解 33 3.6存在MT表面波之理論解析 37 3.7無MT表面波之理論解析 43 3.8存在MT表面波之時域解 49 3.9 無MT表面波之時域解 61 第四章 數值計算與討論 70 第五章 成果與討論 75 5.1本文結論 75 5.2 本文成果 75 5.3 尚待研究方向 76 參考文獻 78 圖表目錄 圖3-1界面裂紋之問題描述 84 圖3-2 之 平面圖 85 圖3-3 有根形式之 平面圖 86 圖3-4 無根形式之 平面圖 87 圖3-5 有根形式之 積分路徑 88 圖3-6無根形式之 積分路徑 89 圖3-7 積分路徑圖 90 圖3-8 積分路徑圖 91 圖3-9 逆轉換路徑圖有剪力頭前波 92 圖3-10 逆轉換路徑圖無剪力頭前波 93 表4.1壓電材料常數表 94 圖4-1a 之剪應力暫態圖 95 圖4-1b 之剪應力暫態圖 96 圖4-2a 之剪應力暫態圖 97 圖4-2b 之剪應力暫態圖 98 圖4-3 之雙異質壓電材料裂紋面施加均佈載荷波前圖 99 圖4-4 之不同壓電材料剪應力暫態圖 100 圖4-5 之不同壓電材料剪應力暫態圖 101 圖4-6 之不同壓電材料剪應力暫態圖 102 圖4-7 之不同壓電材料剪應力暫態圖 103 圖4-8 之不同壓電材料剪應力暫態圖 104 圖4-9 之不同壓電材料剪應力暫態圖 105 圖4-10a 之上半平面電位移暫態圖 106 圖4-10b 之上半平面電位移暫態圖 107 圖4-11a 之下半平面電位移暫態圖 108 圖4-11b 之下半平面電位移暫態圖 109 圖4-12 之不同壓電材料電位移暫態圖 110 圖4-13 之不同壓電材料電位移暫態圖 111 圖4-14 之不同壓電材料電位移暫態圖 112 圖4-15 之不同壓電材料電位移暫態圖 113 圖4-16 之不同壓電材料電位移暫態圖 114 圖4-17 之不同壓電材料電位移暫態圖 115 圖4-18搭配虛擬材料之有根情況剪應力暫態圖 116 圖4-19搭配虛擬材料之有根情況剪應力暫態圖 117[[note]]學號: 693370685, 學年度: 9

還原葉酸載體在犬正常組織及淋巴瘤的表現

還原葉酸載體(reduced folate carrier, RFC)是細胞輸入葉酸及抗葉酸藥物的最主要運輸物，其在人和齧齒動物各種組織的基因表現已被建立，至今在犬卻少有研究 本研究的主要目的包含 (一) 建構能增幅犬部分 RFC 基因的聚合酶鏈鎖反。應(polymerase chain reaction, PCR)引子及 (二) 偵測犬正常和淋巴瘤組織的 RFC基因表現量。研究樣本包含 5 隻安死術犬而得的 35 種正常組織及 22 個犬淋巴瘤組織。由這些組織萃取 RNA 後反轉錄為 cDNA，再利用 PCR 增幅出 RFC 基因。將電泳下 RFC 條帶亮度與甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(glyceraldehyde 3-phosphatedehydrogenase, GAPDH)相除，獲得定量的 RFC 基因表現量。 研究結果顯示 RFC在犬正常組織間幾乎都有表現，但表現程度不一，於中樞神經系統及免疫系統可見比平均更高的表現量 犬淋巴瘤組織的 RFC 表現量則遠低於正常淋巴組織(P <。0.001)，且多中心型 B 細胞淋巴瘤、多中心型 T 細胞淋巴瘤及皮膚型 T 細胞淋巴瘤之表現量並無顯著差異。整體而言，RFC 於各種組織間的廣泛分佈支持其在體內葉酸平衡的重要性 而犬淋巴瘤組織的低表現量可能因複雜的機制應組織及，環境的不同做調整，尚須進一步證明。Reduced folate carrier (RFC) is the main carrier which transports folates and antifolates into the cell. RFC gene expression in human and rodent tissues had been established, however, it has not been revealed in dogs yet. The aims of the present study were: (1) to construct specific PCR primers for amplification of canine RFC gene; (2) to assess RFC gene expressions in normal canine and lymphomas tissues. Thirty-five kinds of normal canine tissues were collected from five euthanized dogs and twenty-two lymphomas were enrolled. Total RNA were extracted from normal and lymphoma tissues, and were transcripted reversely to complementary DNA, and then were evaluated for RFC expressions using polymerase chain reaction. RFC expression levels were obtained from quantified bands of RFC divided by glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. It was shown that RFC transcripts were expressed ubiquitously but various levels. Higher expressions were observed in central nervous and immune system than the median of all tested tissues. Expressions of RFC in normal lymphoid tissues were significantly higher when compared to B- or T-cell lymphomas (P < 0.001). And there were no significant difference among multicentric B-cell lymphomas, multicentric T-cell lymphomas, and cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. We concluded that the ubiquitous distribution with various levels of RFC in 35 kinds of normal canine tissues and malignant tissues. Higher expressions were observed in central nervous, immune, and urinary systems than others. Stomach had the highest RFC expression, followed by cerebellum and brain stem, with very low levels in duodenum and cardiac muscle. And expressions of RFC were significantly lower in all cases of lymphomas when compared to normal lymphatic organs (thymus, palatine tonsil, lymph node), which composed mainly of lymphocytes.摘要...........i Abstract...........ii Contents...........iii List of Tables...........v List of Figures...........vi Chapter 1 Background and literature review...........1 1.1 Reduced folate carrier (RFC) and antifolates...........1 1.1.1 Folates and folate transporting systems...........1 1.1.2 Functions of RFC...........3 1.1.3 Expression of RFC in normal human and rodent tissues...........4 1.1.4 Prognostic role of RFC...........5 1.1.5 Mechanism and function of antifolates...........6 1.2 Lymphomas...........9 1.2.1 Lymphomas in dogs...........9 1.2.2 Current treatment of lymphomas...........10 Chapter 2 Introduction...........12 Chapter 3 Materials and methods...........14 3.1 Samples collection...........14 3.1.1 Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell line...........14 3.1.2 Normal tissues collection...........14 3.1.3 Lymphomas tissues collection...........15 3.2 Analysis of canine RFC gene...........19 3.2.1 Construct specific PCR primers for amplification of canine RFC gene....19 3.2.2 Analyses of canine RFC structure to construct PCR primers for amplification of canine RFC gene...........20 3.2.3 Total RNA extraction...........21 3.2.4 Measurement of RNA concentration...........23 3.2.5 Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) ...........23 3.2.6 Amplification of glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene (GAPDH...........23 3.2.7 Amplification of RFC gene from MDCK cell lines as a positive control...........24 3.2.8 Sequencing of RFC gene from MDCK cell lines, normal tissues, and lymphomas...........25 3.2.9 Quantification of RFC expression levels...........26 3.3 Statistical analysis...........32 Chapter 4 Results...........33 4.1 Detection of RFC gene expression in normal canine tissues...........33 4.1.1 Animals and samples...........33 4.1.2 Detection of RFC gene expression...........33 4.2 Detection of RFC gene expression in canine lymphomas...........41 4.2.1 Animals and samples...........41 4.2.2 Detection of RFC gene expression...........42 Chapter 5 Discussion...........47 References...........5

Resistive Switching of γ-APTES Pertaining to Molecular Structure

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利嘉野生動物重要棲息環境之植群生態研究

利嘉野生動物重要棲息環境位於臺東縣卑南鄉境內國有林山區，面積為1,022 ha，海拔介於300-1,865 m之間。本研究於該區內共設置66個500m2樣區，針對胸徑大於1cm之木本植物進行調查，評估八項環境因子，以雙向指標種分析法 (TWINSPAN) 進行植群分類之探討，並使用降趨對應分析 (DCA) 以瞭解植群分化與環境因子的相關性。結果顯示調查範圍內共記錄有45科97屬145種木本植物，其中瀕臨絕滅種2種、易受害種3種、低危險種1種，物種組成以樟科佔最多。植群分類共分出六個群叢，分別為山黃麻—豬母乳群叢、交力坪鐵色—山龍眼群叢、銳脈木薑子—錐果櫟群叢、臺灣杜鵑群叢、假長葉楠—長葉木薑子群叢及大葉溲疏—臺灣赤楊群叢。DCA分析結果，海拔、地形位置及含石率為影響植群組成最主要的環境因子。Lijia Major Wildlife Habitat, occupying 1,022 ha., is located at elevations between 300- 1,865m in the national forest within Beinan Township, Taitung County. Sixty-six plots of 500m2 are sampled in this area. To investigated the woody plant stems are greater than 1cmdbh. Eight environmental factors are measured and estimated for each plot. The aims of this study are to classity the major vegetation types and to analyze their connection with the environmental factors. Plant communities are classified by using TWINSPAN (two-way indicator species analysis), and species-environment relationships are examined by using detrended correspondence analysis DCA (Detrended correspondence analysis). According to the research, 145 species of woody plants belonging to 45 families and 97 genera are recorded in the plots. Among them, 2 species are endangered, 3 species are vulnerable, and 1 species has a low level of risk. The plant communities are classified into 6 major associations, namely the Trema orientalis - Ficus fi stulosa ASS., Drypetes karapinensis - Helicia formosana ASS., Litsea acutivena - Cyclobalanopsis longinux ASS., Rhododendron formosanum ASS., Machilus japonica - Litsea acuminata ASS., and Deutzia pulchra - Alnus formosana ASS. The results of DCA indicated that elevation, topographic position, and stoniness are significantly relative to the vegetation composition