性别比失衡下的婚姻匹配与劳动力市场表现——基于独生子女政策准自然实验的实证分析

本文首次评估性别比失衡对独生子女政策实施后出生人口的婚姻匹配与劳动力市场表现的影响。采用2013年中国家庭收入调查(CHIP)和2000年人口普查数据,并根据地级市和出生年份两个维度将性别比指标与个体变量相匹配,本文得到以下结论:性别比失衡显著提高了男性的小时工资,并且对于农业户口、低教育和未婚男性,性别比失衡对其小时工资的正向影响更显著。性别比失衡显著提高了男性成为创业者的概率,并且这种影响主要体现在农业户口和低教育的男性上。采用不同的性别比稳健性指标所得到的结果与基准结果一致。本文结论表明性别比失衡具有意料之外的积极影响,即性别比失衡会通过促使男性更努力工作和激发男性的企业家精神进而促进经济增长。国家杰出青年科学基金“计量经济学方法及其在经济管理中的应用”(71625001);;\n国家自然科学基金重点项目“面板数据建模的理论与方法”(71131008);;\n广东省自然科学基金“人口年龄结构对中国创新和生产率影响机制的理论与实证研究”(2016A030310256);广东省自然科学基金“家庭异质性、结构变迁与收入分配:基于人口转型视角与大规模数据的经验研究”(2015A030313386);;\n国家留学基金(201806310057)的资

The Japanese Watakushi shosetsu/Shi shosetsu as Seen in Relation to Asian Culture : Comparison with Asian Language and English Translations as Opportunity

研究成果の概要 (和文) : 2年間の研究実施期間においては、主にワークショップと研究集会を開催することによって研究をすすめた。18年度には夏・冬にワークショップ、秋に研究集会と合計8回、19年度には夏にワークショップ、春・冬に研究集会と合計6回、あわせて14回の勉強会を開催した。これらの内容報告については、本研究課題ウェブサイト(http://www.i-novel-hosei.org/kaken.htm)にて公開している。西欧ではなくアジア文化との比較から日本の「私小説」を考えるという目的から出発した本研究は、研究実施期間において次の5つの研究を行った。1つめは、中国、韓国、台湾における「私小説」の認知状況のアンケート調査である。これらの結果からは認知を越えて、各地域での「私小説」に関する認識を得ることができた。2つめは、アンケート結果から示唆を得た各地域における、日本近代の「私小説」に影響を受けた作品、「私小説」に類似する現代の個人化傾向のある作品についての具体的検討である。3つめとして、これら各地域における「私小説」的作品の質的な差違が、歴史や文化的背景によるものであることを検討し確認した。4つめは、志賀直哉「城の崎にて」の中国語訳、韓国語訳との翻訳比較である。5つめは、海外の「私小説」研究書として、魏大海『私小説 20世紀日本文学的一个"神話"』(中国)、安英姫『日本の私小説』(韓国)の全訳の完成、E・ファウラー『告白のレトリック-20世紀初期の日本の私小説(米国)の「序論 私小説における現象と表象」の翻訳を行った。これらの成果は「研究成果報告書」に収めている。研究成果の概要 (英文) : We have made progress by holding workshops and research meetings in the 2 years of research period. For example, we had 8 meetings including the summer and winter workshops as well as research meetings in autumn in 2006. In 2007, 6 meetings were held including 1 summer workshop and 5 research meetings in spring and winter. As a result, a total of 14 meetings were held during our research period. The outcomes of our research are disclosed on the dedicated website of this research program (http://www.i-novel-hosei.org/kaken.htm). The research program features a Watakushi shosetsu/Shi shosetsu comparison between Japanese works and Asian works instead of Japanese-Western comparison. It is composed of 5 sub researches: 1) The 1st sub research was an investigation on the cognition of Watakushi shosetsu/Shi shosetsu in China, Korea and Taiwan. We caught a picture of how Watakushi shosetsu/Shi shosetsu are recognized in these regions through this initial sub research. 2) In the 2nd sub researc h, we chose several locals works which are identified as being influenced by or considerably close to the modern Watakushi shosetsu/Shi shosetsu in Japanese, and discussed these works in details. 3) We discussed and formulated our conclusion on reasons of the substantial differences among these Asian works, which we believe were developed from their different historical and cultural background. 4) We made a comparison between the Chinese translated version and the Korean version of Shiga Naoya\u27s “Kinosaki nite" (“At Kinosaki"). 5) We translated several overseas works into Japanese. Those works include Wei Da hai\u27s “The Watakushi shosetsu/Shi shosetsu-a miracle of 20th Century\u27s Japanese Literature" (China), An Young hee\u27s “The Japanese Watakushi shosetsu/Shi shosetsu “(Korea), Edward Fowler\u27s “The Rhetoric of Confession-the early 20th Century\u27s Japanese Watakushi shosetsu/Shi shosetsu-Introduction phenomenon and symbols of Watakushi shosetsu/Shi shosetsu" (US). All the outcomes of our research mentioned above are presented in our “Research Report"

Does Regional Gender Imbalance Affect Labor Share of Income Theoretical Analysis and Evidence from China

本文从经济逻辑揭示,地区性别失衡对企业劳动收入份额有负向影响,其影响机制是性别比失衡会导致本地竞争性储蓄增加进而增加企业资本集约度,在资本-劳动存在替代关系下,性别比失衡会降低企业劳动收入份额。基于中国2000年人口普查和2005-2007年工业企业调查数据的经验证据支持了上述论点:地区性别失衡显著降低了所在地微观企业劳动收入份额,即便控制婚姻流动、少数民族样本以及婚前年龄区间不同划分等因素后,结论依然稳健;企业资本集约度的确在地区性别比和企业劳动收入份额之间发挥了中介效应。此外,不同投资来源的企业,因其对本地金融市场的依赖程度不同,其劳动收入份额受地区性别比的影响也存在差异。This paper shows that the impact of the sex ratio imbalance on the labor share of in- come for enterprises is negative through a theoretical framework. The influencing mechanism is that the sex ratio imbalance would increase the capital intensity of enterprises, which would decrease the labor share of income when the elasticity of substitution between capital and labor is above one. Using the 2000 census and 2005-2007 industrial enterprises data of china, the empirical results support our argu- ment that the gender imbalance would lead to a decline of labor share of income for micro-enterprises. The conclusion is still reliable even after controlling marriage flow, minority sample, premarital age range etc. In addition, we find that the capital intensity of enterprises is a mediator which carries the influence of the sex ratio imbalance on the labor share of income for enterprises. Furthermore, the effect of the sex ratio im- balance on the labor share of income differs among enterprises with different investment sources. The reason behind this is that different types of enterprises have various degrees of dependency on the local financial market.国家社科基金青年项目“女性就业视阈下我国性别失衡的劳动力市场效应研究”(16CRK017)；国家自然科学基金项目“中国劳动收入份额决定的微观机制:基于转型背景和企业要素收入分配视角的理论和实证研究”(71473089)的资助

Business Start-ups and Unemployment:An Empirical Investigation on Refugee Effect vs. Entrepreneur Effect

本文利用广东省21个地区1991-2007年面板数据,对自雇创业率与失业率的关系进行实证检验。结果表明,失业率变化对自雇创业率变化影响不显著,而自雇创业率变化对随后的失业率变化有显著的负向影响。这一结果支持了创业可降低失业的企业家效应假说,并不支持高失业率会影响自雇创业率的难民效应假说。上述发现从经验证据上支持了我国当前实施的“以创业带动就业“的扩大就业发展战略的合理性,并蕴含着一定的政策含义。This paper employs a panel data set,which covers 21 areas of Guangdong Province from year 1991 to year 2007,to investigate the relationship between business start-ups and unemployment rate empirically.The results show that,the effect of unemployment on business start-ups is not significant,however,business start-ups has significant negative effect on unemployment rate.The outcomes support entrepreneur effect well,which predict that start-ups reduce the unemployment;but do not support refugee effect,which predict that the unemployment pushes business start-ups.Our findings mean that the strategy "promoting employment by encouraging business start-ups" in current China is reasonable,as well implicates some policy implications.广东省人文社科重点研究基地重大项目“广东劳动力市场:微观机理与宏观绩效”(编号:06ZDXM790008);广东省高校学科建设创新团队重大项目“正式制度、非正式制度与经济治理的机制研究”(编号:051500020100925);教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目“人口年龄结构变化与劳动收入份额:理论、模型及实证研究”(编号:11YJC790202)的资