Soil Water Ecological Regionalization of Afforestation in Loess Plateau

通过对黄土高原地区土壤水分背景、地带性和非地带性因素的综合分析，采用逐步判别分析法，定量地分析了多种因素的作用，同时结合经验的定性分区方法，将整个黄土高原地区划分为六个土壤水分生态区。此外，就人工林对土壤水分生态环境的影响进行了讨论

方列管型射流式O_2（~1Δ）发生器的COIL出光研究

方列管型射流式O2(^1△)发生器是一种新型高效的氧碘化学激光器(COIL)化学能源供给装置。描述了采用该发生器在COIL上所做的一系列出光实验，这些实验着重于考察该发生器的性能参数及相应的COIL化学效率。结果在Cl2流量为0．25mol／s、无冷阱、稳定腔条件下获得化学效率高达26％

方列管型射流式O_2（~1Δ）发生器的COIL出光研究

方列管型射流式O2(^1△)发生器是一种新型高效的氧碘化学激光器(COIL)化学能源供给装置。描述了采用该发生器在COIL上所做的一系列出光实验，这些实验着重于考察该发生器的性能参数及相应的COIL化学效率。结果在Cl2流量为0．25mol／s、无冷阱、稳定腔条件下获得化学效率高达26％

光学二维扫描测试装置

本实用新型公开一种光学二维扫描测试装置。它由扫描镜、两块凹面全反镜、样品池、探头、信号线和马达组成，其中与马达连接的扫描镜安装在第一凹面全反镜的焦点位置上，所述探头安装在第二凹面全反镜的焦点位置上，所述探头的输出信号通过信号线连接到示波器上，所述两块凹面全反镜安装在样品池两侧，所述扫描镜为柱面扫描镜，其面数ｎ在３≤ｎ≤４０范围内。本实用新型避免了国内外通用的两块镜子严格装配、精细控制交替运动的二维扫描转镜，具有轻型实用、结构简单、扫描速率可调之特点。带填

Effects of changes in precipitation on soil respiration in coastal wetlands of the Yellow River Delta

Soil moisture fluctuation caused by changes in precipitation patterns associated with global change is an important driving force for the dynamic changes of soil respiration. However, it is unclear how coastal wetlands respond to changes in precipitation patterns, and thus cause changes in the ecosystem blue carbon function. To explore the response and mechanism of soil respiration and environmental and biological factors to precipitation changes, the soil carbon flux observation system was applied to monitor wetland soil respiration rates under different precipitation treatments relying on increased and decreased precipitation fields outside the control experiment platform of the Yellow River Delta coastal wetland in 2017. The results showed that: (1) with increased precipitation, the wetland soil temperature gradually decreased; simultaneously,both precipitation increase and decrease significantly increased wetland soil moisture (P &lt; 0.05); (2) changes in precipitation significantly affected vegetation species composition, aboveground and belowground biomass allocation, and root/shoot ratio (P &lt; 0.05). A 40% and 60% precipitation increase significantly increased the wetland plant species and vegetation root shoot ratio; however,it significantly reduced the aboveground biomass of wetland vegetation. In addition,a 40% increase and 60% decrease of precipitation significantly increased the aboveground biomass of wetland vegetation; (3) there was no significant effect of precipitation changes on annual soil respiration in wetlands. Nevertheless,a 60% and 40% precipitation increase both significantly increased the soil respiration rate in wetlands during the non-flooding season (P &lt; 0.05); (4) the wetland soil respiration and moisture showed a quadratic curve (P &lt; 0.05) with the correlation coefficient decreasing with precipitation increase. Furthermore, during the wetland non-flooding season, soil respiration and temperature were exponentially correlated (P &lt; 0.05) with soil temperature sensitivity (Q10) increasing with increasing precipitation. There was no significant correlation between soil respiration and temperature during flooding periods; (5) during the flooding period,the soil respiration rate was inversely correlated with the surface water level (P&lt; 0.001).</p

一种横流气体机械调Q脉冲激光器

本发明涉及一种横流气体脉冲激光器的实现方法，在增益介质流动方向上，将增益区分为上游增益区和下游增益区，在下游增益区两侧有激光谐振腔组件，构成谐振腔，通过机械调制的方法实现激光脉冲输出。而上游增益区有凹面镜、凸面镜和刮刀镜，构成正支非稳腔组件，其中凹面镜中心留有小孔。在下游谐振输出的激光，经过缩束光学系统，将光斑尺寸缩小，将缩束后的激光光束通过上游增益区凹面镜的小孔注入到上游增益区，注入的激光光束在上游正支非稳腔内进行振荡，使得激光能量和束斑均得到放大，实现高能脉冲激光输出

修饰sapo18分子筛的笼结构以调变甲醇制烯烃反应的产物选择性

低碳烯烃(乙烯、丙烯)是重要化工材料的基础原料.甲醇制烯烃(MTO)技术是重要的非石油路线制取低碳烯烃技术.SAPO-34分子筛在MTO反应中表现出优异的低碳烯烃选择性,而笼结构尺寸较大的SAPO-18分子筛的MTO反应产物以丙烯为主.乙烯具有比丙烯更高的经济附加值,因此提升SAPO-18分子筛MTO反应中乙烯的选择性有着重要的工业意义.本文采用离子交换法对SAPO-18分子筛进行金属Zn改性,修饰SAPO-18分子筛的笼结构.利用多种手段对Zn改性SAPO-18分子筛的物理结构、金属物种状态及分布、酸性、扩散性质等进行表征,对积碳物种的种类、积炭量等进行分析,从而关联SAPO-18分子筛笼结构的修饰与MTO反应产物选择性的关系.首先,我们对Zn改性SAPO-18分子筛的物理结构进行分析.X射线衍射表明,所采用的SAPO-18为不含杂晶的纯相分子筛.N2物理吸附-脱附表明,离子交换法法保持SAPO-18分子筛比表面积和孔体积.其次,我们考察了Zn改性SAPO-18分子筛中金属物种的状态及分布.X射线光电子能谱(XPS)表明,Zn物种主要以孤立态的Zn^2+阳离子形式存在.XPS和X射线荧光结合表明,Zn阳离子改性SAPO-18分子筛表层富Si富Zn,呈类核壳结构.氨气-程序升温脱附与核磁共振氢谱结合表明,Zn改性SAPO-18分子筛酸性位点的酸量降低.继而对Zn改性SAPO-18分子筛的扩散性质进行分析.色谱法和智能重量分析表明,Zn阳离子的引入增加探针分子的扩散限制,从而推断增加MTO反应产物的扩散限制.色质谱联用表明,Zn阳离子的引入促进低甲基苯的生成,利于乙烯产物的生成;同时促进双环芳烃的形成,增加MTO反应产物的扩散限制.热重表明,Zn阳离子改性SAPO-18分子筛以更低的积炭量达到同样的MTO反应催化效果,符合碳原子经济性.Zn阳离子改性有效修饰SAPO-18分子筛的笼结构,表层富Si和Zn,呈现类核壳结构,增加了对MTO反应产物的扩散限制,尤其对分子尺寸较大的反应产物,从而调变MTO反应选择性.因此,Zn阳离子改性有效修饰了SAPO-18分子筛的笼结构,增加乙烯选择性和乙烯/丙烯比,将产物分布以丙烯为主调变为乙烯和丙烯选择性相近