Comparative Research on the Systems and Features of Faculty Development in China and Britain

随着知识经济、学习型社会与信息化时代的到来以及中国高等教育进入大众化阶段，大学教师的重要性日益显现。研究大学教师发展体系对于明确大学教师发展的方向具有重要的指导作用。 自八十年代中期以来，我国高校师资培训已经形成了相当成熟的体系并经历了持续发展的历程，但是相当于国际意义的大学教师发展却处于起步阶段。国内关于大学教师发展的研究与英国该方面的研究水平还有相当的差距。本研究旨在通过系统而深入地研究英国大学教师发展的体系与特色，思考如何进一步促进我国的大学教师发展及大学教育质量的提升，从而进一步促进中国知识经济、学习型社会和创新型国家的建设和发展。 全文由绪论和其他五个部分组成。在绪论中，文章首先...As the approach of knowledge-based economy and learning society as well as mass higher education, the importance of faculty is gradually recognized. A systematic study on faculty development system will shed light on the direction of faculty development. The faculty training system in China which had been developed since the mid-1980s has gradually become mature. However, the faculty development w...学位：教育学硕士院系专业：教育研究院_高等教育学学号：2572006115277

Determination for the Contents of Neu5Ac, Neu5Gc and KDN in Organ Meats and Muscle of Pigs by LC-MS/MS

目的：建立液相色谱-三重四级杆质谱联用法（LC-MS/MS）测定猪内脏和肌肉组织中唾液酸N-乙酰神经氨酸（Neu5Ac）、N-羟乙酰神经氨酸（Neu5Gc）和脱氨神经氨酸（KDN）浓度的分析方法。方法：将内脏肉组织匀浆后,利用三氟乙酸（TFA）将结合态的唾液酸从糖脂或糖蛋白链上解离下来后进样分析。色谱条件：色谱柱为ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18（5μm,4.6×250 mm,Waters）,流动相为0.1%醋酸铵-100%乙腈（9：1）,柱温：25℃,流速800μL·min~（-1）,进样量20μL。质谱条件：离子源为电喷雾化离子源（ESI）,扫描方式为多重反应监测（MRM）,监测离子对：Neu5Ac：307.7→87.0,Neu5Gc：323.3→116.0,KDN：266.7→87.0,13C3Neu5Ac内标品：310.9→90.0。结果：Neu5Ac、Neu5Gc和KDN分别在0.1~20.0、0.05~10.00和0.005~1.000μmol·L~（-1）的浓度范围内和对照品与内标峰面积比值线性关系良好,重复性平均RSD为1.2%,稳定性平均RSD为1.9%,日间和日内精密度试验RSD均小于6.7%,平均回收率为92.9~106.4%。结论：本方法简便、快速、灵敏度高,可广泛运用于组织和体液中唾液酸的测定。Objective： To establish an LC-MS/MS method for the detection of N-acetylneuraminic acid（Neu5Ac）,N-glycolylneuraminic acid（Neu5Gc） and 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galactonononic acid（KDN） in organ meats and muscle of pigs.Methods： Tissues were acid hydrolyzed with trifluoroacetic acid（TFA） to get ganglioside-bound and glycoprotein-bound sialic acid,followed by injected and analyzed. The analysis was performed on an ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18（5 μm, 4.6 ×250 mm, Waters）column, and the mobile phase consisted of 0.1 % ammonium~-100 % acetonitrile（9：1）, the flow rate was 800 μL/min, the temperature was maintained at 25 ℃, injection volume was set up 20 μL. Negative electrospray ionization（ESI） and multiple reaction monitoring（MRM） mode was used, MRM： Neu5Ac： 307.7→87.0, Neu5Gc： 323.3 →116.0, KDN： 266.7→87.0, 13C3Neu5Ac（IS）： 310.9→90.0.Results： The ratio of internal with standard sample peak area and content of Neu5 Ac, Neu5 Gc and KDN showed good linearity in the range of 0.1~20.0, 0.05~10.00, and 0.005~1.000 μmol/L, RSDs of the repeatability and stability were 1.2 % and 1.9 %, Intra-and inter-day RSDs were all lower than 6.7%, the recoveries of sialic acid were 92.9~106.4%. Conclusion： The established method is simple,accurate and rapid, higher sensitivity and can be applied to determination of Neu5 Gc, Neu5 Ac and KDN in tissues and fluid of animals and human.国家自然科学基金项目（31271038

分子振动光谱及其在化学上的应用

1.分子振动光谱及其技术1.1分子振动光谱在电磁波谱中的位置众所周知,分子始终不停地运动,近似地说,其运动可分为四类,即分子整体的平动和转动,分子中各原子之间的振动及分子内电子的运动等,这些运动都反映一定的能态或能级

Size Distribution of Particle and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Particle Emissions from Simulated Emission Sources

采用再悬浮箱模拟得到不同粒径的烹调油烟、生物质和塑料燃烧烟尘、汽车尾气和发电机烟气等颗粒,并用gC/MS对不同粒径颗粒中18种多环芳烃(PAHS)进行了分析.结果表明,烹调油烟中颗粒物存在0.44~1.0μM和2.5~10μM两个峰值,稻草和木材燃烧排放烟尘只有0.44~1.0μM一个峰值,塑料燃烧排放烟尘的峰值不明显,汽车尾气尘因含有大量的水汽导致其粒径峰值出现在2.5~10μM,而发电机排放的烟尘约93%集中在≤2.5μM的粒径范围.烹调油烟和汽车尾气尘中低环数PAHS在2.5~10μM范围内的峰值明显;随环数增加,0.44~1.0μM范围内的峰值变得明显;不同排放源亚微米颗粒中单一PAH占全部颗粒态中该PAH的比例都呈现随分子量的增大而增大的趋势.烹调油烟和燃烧排放颗粒中PAHS的组成以菲占主导,但汽车尾气和发电机烟尘中含量最高的PAHS分别是萘和苯并[g,H,I]苝.来源特征比值的比较显示,烹调油烟与生物质燃烧颗粒中PAHS的源特征较为接近,但两者都不同于汽车尾气和发电机烟尘.Particles from cooking lampblack,biomass and plastics burning smoke,gasoline vehicular exhausts and gasoline generator exhausts were prepared in a resuspension test chamber and collected using a cascade MOUDI impactor.A total of 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons( PAHs) associated with particles were analyzed by GC-MS.The results showed that there were two peaks in the range of 0.44-1.0 μm and 2.5-10 μm for cooking lampblack,and only one peak in the range of 0.44-1.0 μm for straw and wood burning smoke.But there were no clear peak for plastics burning smoke.The peak for gasoline vehicular exhausts was found in the range of 2.5-10 μm due to the influence of water vapor associated with particles,while the particles from gasoline generator exhausts were mainly in the range of ≤2.5 μm( accounting for 93% of the total mass).The peak in 2.5-10 μm was clear for cooking lampblack and gasoline vehicular exhausts.The peak in the range of 0.44-1.0 μm became more and more apparent with the increase of PAHs molecular weight.The fraction of PAH on particles less than 1.0 μm to that on the total particles increased along with PAH's molecular weight.Phenanthrene was the dominant compound for cooking lampblack and combustion smoke,while gasoline vehicular exhausts and generator exhausts were characterized with significantly high levels of naphthalene and benzo[g,h,i]perylene, respectively.The distribution of source characteristic ratios indicated that PAHs from cooking lampblack and biomass burning were close and they were different from those of vehicular exhausts and generator exhausts.国家自然科学基金项目(40971257;41171365); 环境保护公益性行业科研专项(201009004

A Comparative Study on University Ranking in China and Germany

大学排行榜不仅是体现一个国家大学总体实力的一个量表,也是考生在填报志愿时所参考的重要依据。本文以比较研究的方法分别介绍了中国与德国两国排行榜的背景与指标体系,以清华大学和洪堡大学2007年在中德大学排行榜上的具体情况为例进行了比较研究,并进一步概括了两国大学排行榜的特点与区别,指出德国大学排行榜按大学类型分组对大学进行排名,多维指标体系并重,评价主体多元化等方面的优点值得我国借鉴。University ranking not only reflects the comprehensive strenghth of all the universities within a country, but also provides basis for the students with reference to applying for a university.Taking Tsinghua and HU Berlin University in the 2007 University ranking as example, the article seperately introduces the background and index system between China and Germany, and sumamarizes the features and differences of university ranking between the two countries.University ranking in Germany has such merits as ranking universities by types, attaching equal importance to multidimensional index and having many evaluation subjects, which we should learn from

The Features and Enlightenments of University Teacher Development in UK

高等教育大众化过程中,大学教师的重要性日益突出,加强对大学教师发展的研究已经成为必然趋势。虽然我国高校师资培训已经具有相当成熟的体系,但相对于国际意义的大学教师发展而言,尚还处于起步阶段。通过介绍英国大学教师发展的各个阶段及其特色和发展历程,借鉴英国大学教师发展的经验,将有助于我国大学教师发展的研究与实践。University teachers become more and more important in mass higher education.The research of faculty development is an inevitable trend.There is mature system for university faculty training in China;however,it is still staying in an early stage compared with international university teacher development.The experience of British university teacher development is of help to research and practice Chinese university teacher development through introducing the its different periods and features.教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地资助项目(07JJD880237

Interval Fuzzy ISODATA Dynamic Clustering Algorithm

目前模糊技术已经应用于许多智能系统,如模糊关系与模糊聚类.聚类是数据挖掘的重要任务,它将数据对像分成多个聚类,在同一个聚类中,对象的属性特征之间具有较高的相似度,有很大研究及应用价值.结合数据库中的挖掘技术,对属性特征为区间数的多属性决策问题,提出了一种基于区间数隶属度的区间模糊ISOdATA动态聚类方法.Fuzzy technology has been applied to many intelligent systems,such as Fuzzy relations with Fuzzy clustering,clustering is data miningthe important task of data,it will be divided into several clustering,in the same clustering,object attributes similarity between high,with a larger study and application value.Based on the data mining technology,in reality attributes for the interval number representation of multiple attribute decision making problems,this paper puts forward a method based on interval Numbers of membership ISODATA interval dynamic clustering method

Ｅｍｉｓｓｉｏｎ ｏｆ Ｆｉｎｅ Ｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓ ａｎｄ Ｆｉｎｅ Ｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅ－ｂｏｕｎｄ Ｐｏｌｙｃｙｃｌｉ Ａｒｏｍａｔｉｃ Ｈｙｄｒｏｃａｒｂｏｎｓ ｆｒｏｍ Ｓｉｍｕｌａｔｅｄ Ｃｏｏｋｉｎｇ Ｆｕｍｅ

采用在再悬浮箱内进行炒菜模拟,采集获得粒径小于2.5μm的细颗粒(PM2.5),并对PM2.5中的18种多环芳烃(PAHs)进行了分析.结果表明,不同食材组合下烹调油烟中PM2.5排放因子的组间差异高于PAHs,排放PAHs的组成以菲占主导(占总量37%~49%),其次为萘和荧蒽(两者合计占总量16%~21%).以食用油的人均年消耗量17kg为基准,计算人均餐饮活动排放PM2.5及PAHs分别为1.47kg和32.13mg.烹调油烟中PAHs的来源特征比值(茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘/(苯并[ghi]苝+茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘),荧蒽/(芘+荧蒽))接近木材和煤燃烧的比值范围,有别于汽车尾气.采用过量终生癌症风险方法估算得到家庭主妇因暴露于烹调油烟而患癌症的风险为6.15×10-6。Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ：Ｆｉｎｅ　ｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓ（ＰＭ２．５），ｆｒｏｍ　ｃｏｏｋｉｎｇ　ｆｕｍｅｓ，ｗｅｒｅ　ｐｒｅｐａｒｅｄ　ｕｓｉｎｇ　ａ　ｒｅｓｕｓｐｅｎｓｉｏｎ　ｃｈａｍｂｅｒ　ａｎｄ　ｔｈｅｎ　ｗｅｒｅ　ａｎａｌｙｚｅｄ　ｆｏｒ　１８ ｐｏｌｙｃｙｃｌｉｃ　ａｒｏｍａｔｉｃ　ｈｙｄｒｏｃａｒｂｏｎｓ（ＰＡＨｓ）．Ｔｈｅ　ｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ　ｓｈｏｗｅｄ　ｔｈａｔ　ｔｈｅ　ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｓ　ｏｆ　ＰＭ２．５ｅｍｉｓｓｉｏｎ　ｒａｔｅ　ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ　ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ　ｔｅｓｔｓ ｗｅｒｅ　ｇｒｅａｔｅｒ　ｔｈａｎ　ｔｈａｔ　ｏｆ　ＰＡＨｓ．Ｔｈｅ　ｐｒｏｆｉｌｅｓ　ｏｆ　ＰＡＨｓ　ｗｅｒｅ　ｄｏｍｉｎａｔｅｄ　ｂｙ　ｐｈｅｎａｎｔｈｒｅｎｅ（ａｃｃｏｕｎｔ　ｆｏｒ　３７％－４９％）ｆｏｌｌｏｗｅｄ　ｂｙ　ｎａｐｈｔｈａｌｅｎｅ ａｎｄ　ｆｌｕｏｒａｎｔｈｒｅｎｅ（ｂｏｔｈ　ｔｏｇｅｔｈｅｒ　ａｃｃｏｕｎｔ　ｆｏｒ　１６％－２１％）．Ａｎｎｕａｌ　ｅｍｉｓｓｉｏｎ　ａｍｏｕｎｔ　ｏｆ　ＰＭ２．５ａｎｄ　ＰＡＨｓ　ｐｅｒ　ｃａｐｉｔａ　ｗｅｒｅ　ｅｓｔｉｍａｔｅｄ ｔｏ　ｂｅ　１．４７ｋｇ　ａｎｄ　３２．１３ｍｇ，ｒｅｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅｌｙ，ｂａｓｅｄ　ｏｎ　ｔｈｅ　ａｎｎｕａｌ　ｃｏｎｓｕｍｐｔｉｏｎ　ｏｆ　１７ｋｇ　ｐｌａｎｔ　ｏｉｌ　ｉｎ　Ｃｈｉｎａ．Ｔｈｅ　ｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｓ　ｏｆｓｏｕｒｃｅ　ｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓ　ｒａｔｉｏｓ　ｏｆ　ＰＡＨｓ（ｉｎｄｅｏ［１，２，３－ｃｄ］ｐｙｒｅｎｅ／（ｂｅｎｚｏ［ｇｈｉ］ｐｅｒｙｌｅｎｅ＋ｉｎｄｅｏ［１，２，３－ｃｄ］ｐｙｒｅｎｅ），ｆｌｕｏｒａｎｔｈｅｎｅ／（ｐｙｒｅｎｅ ＋ｆｌｕｏｒａｎｔｈｅｎｅ））ｆｒｏｍ　ｓｉｍｕｌａｔｅｄ　ｃｏｏｋｉｎｇ　ｆｕｍｅｓ　ｗｅｒｅ　ｃｌｏｓｅ　ｔｏ　ｔｈａｔ　ｏｆ　ｇｒａｓｓ／ｗｏｏｄ／ｃｏａｌ　ｃｏｍｂｕｓｔｉｏｎ，ｂｕｔ　ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｄ　ｆｒｏｍ　ｔｈａｔ　ｏｆ　ｖｅｈｉｃｕｌａｒ ｅｘｈａｕｓｔｓ．Ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇ　ｔｏ　ｔｈｅ　ｏｒａｌ　ｃａｎｃｅｒ　ｓｌｏｐｅ　ｆａｃｔｏｒ　ｏｆ　ｂｅｎｚｏ［ａ］ｐｙｒｅｎｅ，ｔｈｅ　ａｖｅｒａｇｅ　ｅｘｃｅｓｓ　ｌｉｆｅｔｉｍｅ　ｃａｎｃｅｒ　ｒｉｓｋ　ｏｆ　ｈｏｕｓｅｗｉｖｅｓ　ｗａｓ　ｅｓｔｉｍａｔｅｄ ｔｏ　ｂｅ　６．１５×１０－６．国家自然科学基金项目(40971257,41171365);公益性行业科研专项(201009004);厦门大学“大学生创新训练计划”项

Kilohertz organic complementary inverters driven by surface-grafting conducting polypyrrole electrodes

Surface-grafting conducting polymer has advantage to circumvent the difficulty in patterning as well as the weak interface adhesion on substrate of the conventional conducting polymer, which would be desirable for its application as electrodes in electronic devices. In this work, the patterned surface-grafting polypyrrole (PPY) is used as electrode, which shows merits such as strong interface adhesion, robustness against solvent treatment, easy scaling-up, and good conductivity. Remarkably, the surface-grafting PPY electrodes can efficiently drive both p-type and n-type organic field-effect transistors. By combining p-/n-type transistors, organic complementary inverters are constructed with PPY electrodes, which exhibit low operational voltage (<8 V), high gain (6-17), and low power dissipation (several tens of nW). The switching voltage is approximately 0.5V(dd) with a high noise margin (>70% of 0.5V(dd)). Dynamic switching measurements indicate that the inverter has an operational frequency of about 3.3 kHz. This is the first report on kilohertz organic complementary inverter driven with surface-grafting conducting polymer electrodes. High device performance, together with the facile patternability and other merits, may promote the application of surface-grafting conducting polymer electrode in the field of organic electronics. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Improving the Charge Injection in Organic Transistors by Covalently Linked Graphene Oxide/Metal Electrodes

Electrodes, one of the key components of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), exert great influence on the device performance as well as circuit fabrication. Conventional metal electrodes generally show poor contact quality with organic semiconductors, especially in bottom-contact geometry. Development of appropriate modification materials and methods for metal electrodes is an efficient way to improve OFET performance, which is, however, quite a challenging task. In this work, a facile strategy is developed to modify the metal surface with graphene oxide (GO) via covalent bonds for application in OFETs, which has not been reported before. This selective covalent modification strategy is compatible with diverse patterning techniques, and the covalently linked GO-Au electrode exhibits strong robustness against solvent treatment. Remarkably, the GO-Au electrode shows very good generality with both p-type and n-type organic semiconductors, which contributes to the realization of p-/n-type OFETs with significantly improved performance compared with the pristine Au electrode. The facile and low temperature modification method, compatibility with diverse patterning techniques, robustness against solvent treatment, good generality with organic semiconductors, and high OFET performance enable the strategy to be very promising for application in the field of organic electronics