Institutionalized Institutions: Classification of Higher Education Institution in BRICS Countries

高等学校分类是有效提高高等教育质量、促进高等教育内涵式发展的前提，也是当前教育研究与实践当中的热点问题。高等学校分类在不同国家有不同特点，同所在国国情、高等教育发展特色和价值追求相适应。本研究旨在以“金砖国家”巴西、俄罗斯、印度和南非为研究对象，探讨各国高等学校分类的体系和特色，并比较其异同。 巴西高等学校按办学主体的不同可分为公办学校和私立学校两大类。其中，公办学校从办学主体的行政序列上可分为联邦高校、州立高校和市立高校等类型。私立高等学校依据经费来源及办学主体差异涵盖教会学校和社区学校两类。私立学校是巴西高等教育的主体，巴西有近八成高校学生就读于私立高校。按学科关系，巴西高等学校涵盖大学...Classification of higher education institution is a priority topic both in higher education research and praxis. Classification initiates are quite different and highly featured in different targeted nations. This study aims at comparing and analyzing the classification praxis in four developing nations, viz. Brazil, Russia, India, as well as South Africa. Brazilian higher education can be catego...学位：教育学硕士院系专业：教育研究院_教育经济与管理学号：2572014115182

Research on the Organizational Characteristics and Social Functions of Fraternities in American Universities

学生自治是美国高等学校的悠久传统，数量繁多的学生自治组织是美国高校学生自治的具体组织机构。作为其典型代表，兄弟会以较为悠久的历史、成熟完善的组织形态、特色分明的自身定位、前辈传帮带的内部传统以及完善的物质资助优势，成为美国大学不可或缺的重要活动场域。由于兄弟会等高校自治的独特地位，使之成为塑造美国历史文化的重要推手，并对美国文化的发展产生了重要影响。As a typical American college students organization, the Fraternity whmh has a relatively tong history, sophisticated organizational form, distinct characteristics of its own position, becomes an indispensable important activity field. Since the Fraternity＇s unique position among universities, it strongly shaping American history and culture. What＇s more, Fraternity also becomes important promoter of the development of American culture and plays an important role in American society

激光熔凝和熔敷在热轧辊强化中的应用

为提高热轧辊寿命对球墨铸铁、白口铸铁热轧辊进行了激光熔凝、熔敷实验研究,并对激光处理效果进行了现场轧制实时寿命评估.研究确认:球墨铸铁、白口铸铁激光熔凝小样的硬度随扫描速度的降低和激光功率的增大而提高.分别按轧钢量、磨损量计算,球墨铸铁、白口铸铁激光熔凝热轧辊寿命分别比原来延长50%和15.6%～23.4%.利用激光熔敷技术在白口铸铁热轧辊上可以成功制备无宏观裂纹、气孔和夹杂存在的镍基合金涂层.现场轧制后表面也无宏观缺陷存在,寿命延长18.7%～37.4%

Research on the Psychological Sense of School Belonging from the Perspective of Graduate Students

从研究生主体视角切入,探讨研究型大学研究生的学校归属感问题在研究生扩招背景下具有重要的现实意义。文章采用质性研究方法,选取我国某＂985工程＂研究型大学进行个案研究,以访谈法作为收集资料的主要方式。研究发现,研究生群体对学校归属感的理解认知可大致分为立场坚定的＂爱校者＂、试图进入却遭到排斥的＂他者＂以及无意融入新学校的＂过客＂三类。不同个体的感受阈值差异很大,归属感建构路径与机制存在差异,本科院校是重要的参照系与影响因素,＂学校＂的个体理解差异较大。Under the background of enlargement of graduate student enrollment,the study on psychological sense of school belonging in research-oriented universities from the perspective of graduate students is of great practical significance.The research discusses the sense of school belonging in research-oriented universities from the perspective of graduate students.As a qualitative research,this paper takes one＂985Project＂university as a study case,and collects research materials by interview.Research findings show that graduate students＇ cognition of psychological sense of school belonging falls into three categories：the school-lovers,the outsiders who attempt to access but are excluded and the passers-by who have no intention to integrate.The sensory thresholds of individuals are quite different,which causes the variety of construction paths and mechanisms of psychological sense of school belonging.Among others,undergraduate universities are the key reference and influencing factors,and the individual comprehensions of＂school＂are variable

Research on the Equity of Universities' Independent Recruitment

自主招生在高校人才选拔的过程中容易产生以下社会公平问题:考试形式及内容设计不科学,特长生选拔突出中产阶级及城市化特征易引致阶层公平问题;法制建设不完善、监管不力、行为失范易导致道德公平问题;考生经济负担的加重和高校选才成本的增加易导致经济公平问题;社会舆论过分关注则易导致"不公平引导"问题。社会公平问题的存在会损害高校自主招生的选才质量,并引发社会稳定等诸多关联问题,长远来看对全民族文化素质的提高也有重大隐患。因此,需要从大力推动基础教育均衡发展,构建公平基础,着眼于考生全体,推动自主招生考试命题的科学化、规范化,以多种形式支持农村地区考生参与自主招生,加强顶层设计,依法规范自主招生等几个方面,规避并解决高校自主招生中的社会公平问题。Independent recruitment probably intends to cause the following questions during the talents- selection: the unequal design,discriminated content of examination,test tendency of urbanization-oriented as well as the biased specialty will probably emerge some class- oriented equity issues,the relatively poor law- system construction and the shortage of legal regulations as well as unmoral behavior could bring out moral equity issues,the increasingly heavy burden of participant students as well as the economic cost of the higher education institutions pose heavy economic issues,the misleading information and competitive game on resources of students cause the misleading media agenda setting issues. The social equity issues as mentioned above will harmfully damage the quality of talents-selection,also,it will seriously damage the quality of whole nation. In order to avoid the above questions,we should promote the equilibrium development of fundamental education,motivate the active participation of rural region students,promote the socialization and normalization of the recruitment feasibly and regulate the procedures of independent recruitment

Research on the Type Classification and Standard of University of Applied Science

应用型大学是一种新的高校类型。清晰界定应用型大学的概念特征、发展方向、类型边界,将有助于完善多元发展目标和产教融合导向的应用型大学体系,明确其发展路径。本研究在师资建设、科学研究、人才培养、课程设置等方面,对应用型大学的标准进行了探讨,为应用型大学的建设提供参考。The University of Applied Science is a new kind of high educational type. Framing and implementing the concept of application- oriented university characteristics,developmental directions,type classifications will help to improve the diversified development goals and directions of University of Applied Science and clarify the developing path. Making clear the standards of faculty constructions,scientific research,personnel training and curriculum setting etc. in University of Applied Science can fully ensure the educational operating efficiency in order to guarantee the upgrade of quantity and quality in the University of Applied Science

A Study on Shao Yifu＇s Educational Thought

邵逸夫是“宁波帮”实业家的杰出代表，也是一位著名的教育慈善家。在他跨越一个世纪的生命历程中，除了广泛兴资助学留下的物质财富，其深刻且合规律的教育思想同样是重要的精神财富，在当今中国的教育实践中具备重要的研究价值和启示作用。邵逸夫教育思想研究是软性、纯度高的理论研究，也是发散多元的宽领域研究，需要投入更大的研究力量。其思想涵盖教育功能论、均衡发展的系统观、以点带面的全局观、务实求精的质量观等部分，对其话语文本和行为语言的深入开掘梳理、比较分析及人文评价是未来进一步开展研究的可能前景。Shao Yifu was an outstanding representative of ＂Ningbo Bang＂ industrialists, a famous educational philanthropist. In his life span of over a century, in addition to a wide range of students funded by material wealth, his profound educational thoughts are also important spiritual wealth. The research of Shao Yifu＇s educational thoughts is a soft, high-purity theoretical research, but also a diversified wide- field research needing more research focuses. His ideas include educational function theory, system view of balanced development, overall view of point and area, quality view of pragmatism and refinement, etc. to further explore and analyse its discourse and behavioral language, make compare analysis and humanity evaluation are possible prospects of future research