Effects of soil water condition on Ficus microcarpa growth and physiological characteristics

以3年生人参榕(fICuS MICrOCArPA)为试材,采用盆栽调控水分的方法,研究5种不同的水分处理(基质最大含水量的90%~100%,70%~80%,50%~60%,30%~40%和10%~20%)对人参榕生长和生理的影响,为栽培生产提供理论依据。结果表明:随着浇水量的减少,人参榕的株高、冠幅、块根增量均显著下降(P<0.05);人参榕叶片的超氧化物歧化酶(SOd)、过氧化物酶(POd)活性显著增高(P<0.05),细胞膜相对透性显著增强,脯氨酸和丙二醛(MdA)含量也显著增加;叶片净光合速率(Pn)和蒸腾速率(Tr)呈随浇水量的减少而显著降低;但叶片水分利用效率(WuE)呈显著增加趋势;各处理的叶片初始荧光(fO)和最大光量子效率(fV/fM)差异不显著。在各处理中,70%~80%的最大基质含水量的处理,其人参榕叶片的细胞膜相对透性最低,保护酶活性最弱,脯氨酸和丙二醛含量最低,净光合速率高,从而导致了人参榕具有生长最快、株高、冠幅和最大块根直径增量最大的特点。可见,70%~80%的最大基质含水量为是人参榕种植效果最好的水分管理模式。A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different soil water conditions on the growth and physiological characteristics of three years old Ficus microcarpa seedlings,aimed to provide an optimum water management mode for the cultivation of this horticultural species.Five treatments were installed,i.e.,90%-100%,70%-80%,50%-60%,30%-40%,and 10%-20% of maximum soil water content.With the decrease of the water content,the seedling height,crown diameter,and root tuber biomass decreased significantly,leaf superoxide dismutase(SOD) and peroxidase(POD) activities,membrane permeability,and proline and malondialdehyde(MDA) contents had significant increase,leaf photosynthetic rate(Pn) and transpiration rate(Tr) decreased significantly,and leaf water use efficiency(WUE) had a significant increasing trend in the treatments with lower soil water content.No significant differences were observed in the minimum fluorescence yield in light-adapted state(Fo) and the quantum yield of PSII photochemistry in dark-adapted state(Fv/Fm) among the five treatments.In treatment 70%-80% of maximum soil water content,the leaf membrane permeability,SOD and POD activities,and proline and MDA contents were the lowest while the Pn was highest,resulting in the quickest seedling growth and the largest increments of plant height,crown diameter,and root tuber biomass,suggesting that this treatment could be the best water management mode for the cultivation of F.microcarpa.福建省科技重大专项(2007SZ08010053);福建省科技创新平台建设项目(2008N2003)资

Synergistic effects of low temperature in winter and ebb tide at night on Sonneratia apetala seedlings growth and key eco-physiological traits

利用人工控制手段,模拟冬季低温和夜间低潮对无瓣海桑幼苗的影响,分析气温-水温协同作用下无瓣海桑幼苗的低温适应机制.结果表明:低温显著抑制了无瓣海桑幼苗株高和基径的增长,而提高水温5℃对其的缓解作用分别达41.2%和44.6%;低气温(15℃)显著降低了叶片的最大光化学效率(fV/fM)值,进而影响叶片的光合能力,而提高水温未能显著缓解其损伤;低气温时,提高水温能促进幼苗叶片脯氨酸的积累,增加可溶性糖含量,缓解低温对叶片的伤害.极端低温发生时,夜间高潮对幼苗起到较好的保温作用,缓解了低温对幼苗生长和叶片的生理伤害,提高了无瓣海桑幼苗的成活率.By setting up a set of simulated tidal systems with different air-and water temperature and tidal flood conditions,this paper studied the synergistic effects of low temperature in winter and ebb tide at night on the growth and key eco-physiological traits of Sonneratia apetala seedlings.Low air temperature depressed the seedlings growth,but the reduction in the seedling height and basal stem diameter was compensated 41.2% and 44.6%,respectively by a 5 ℃ increase of water temperature.Low air temperature(15 ℃) reduced the leaf Fv/Fm significantly,indicating a dramatic reduction in the leaf photosynthetic capacity,whereas the flooded tide with higher water temperature could not compensate this damage.The flooded tide with high air temperature increased the proline and soluble sugar contents in mature leaves,which could protect the mature leaves from cold damage.When extreme cold events occurred,the flooded tide at night worked as a heat storage medium,which alleviated the cold damage on the seedlings growth and leaf physiological traits,and promoted the survival rate of S.apetala seedlings.国家自然科学基金项目(30700092);福建省自然科学基金项目(2009J05085)资

Photosynthetic and Shade-tolerance Characteristics of Eight Ornamental Plants

通过测定漳州地区8种园林植物叶片的形态特征、光合作用和光响应曲线,并对测定结果进行方差分析和相关分析,比较分析其耐荫程度。结果表明:试验的8个品种除黄金榕外,其它品种对弱光利用能力较强,具有较强的弱光适应能力;三角梅、锦绣杜鹃、红背桂等植物的耐荫性较强,在园林中可配置在比较郁蔽的林下;黄金榕和悬铃花是喜光植物,能适应较强的光辐射,耐荫能力相对较差,可以配置在林缘或疏林草地中,光照越足,黄金榕的叶色、悬铃花的花都会越鲜艳;花叶假连翘既有一定的耐荫能力,又能适应较强的阳光辐射,对光适应的生态幅度较宽,在园林配置中可根据需要进行布置。桂花和红背桂能更好的利用土壤水分,可配置在相对较干旱的地方。净光合速率Pn与其主要影响因子气孔导度gS、胞间CO2浓度CI、蒸腾速率Tr、叶温下蒸汽压亏缺VPdl、光合有效辐射PAr的相关性分析表明,种类不同,其影响因子也不一样,8种园林植物的Pn与CI呈极显著负相关。此研究为园林中植物的配置提供了一定的理论依据。The morphological characteristics of plant leaves,photosynthesis and light response were measured,the variance and correlation of the results were analyzed,and the extent of their shade-tolerance were compared for eight ornamental plants in Zhangzhou.The results showed that except for Ficus microcarpa cv.GoldenLeaves,the other varieties had a strong ability to use and adapt to low light.Bougainvillea spectabilis,Rhododendron pulchrum and Excoecaria cochinchinensis had a strong shade-tolerance,so they could be used under buzzed forest cover.Ficus microcarpa cv.GoldenLeaves,and Malvaiscus arboreus var.penduliflorus were photophilous plants,could adapt to a strong light radiation and had relatively poor shade-tolerant capability,so they could be used in forest edges or grasslands.The more light,the more colorful of the leaves of Ficus microcarpa cv.GoldenLeaves and Malvaiscus arboreus var.penduliflorus.Duranta repens'Variegata'had a wide light ecological suitabilty both in shade-tolerant and strong solar radiation,so they could be used in the ornamental layout without light restriction.Osmanthus fragrans and Excoecaria cochinchinensis could make better use of soil moisture,so they could be used in relatively dry areas.Correlation analysis of Pn and other main influencing factors Gs,Ci,Tr,VpdL,PAR showed that: different varieties had different impact factors.Pn and Ci of the eight ornamental plants were significantly related.This study provided a theoretical basis for the configuration of ornamental plants.福建省教委科研基金资助项目(No.JB08185);福建省科技创新平台建设项目(No.2008N2003