钱江源国家公园体制试点区鸟类多样性与区系组成

生物多样性编目是自然保护地有效管理与政策制定的基础。本研究收集整理了钱江源国家公园体制试点区(简称钱江源国家公园)内的鸟类记录,数据来源包括专项鸟类调查、红外相机调查、自动录音调查、公众科学活动4大类。共记录到分属17目64科的252种鸟类。其中,国家I级重点保护鸟类2种,为白颈长尾雉(Syrmaticus ellioti)和白鹤(Grusleucogeranus),国家II级重点保护鸟类34种;在IUCN物种红色名录和中国脊椎动物红色名录中被评估为受威胁(即极危、濒危、易危和近危)的分别有10种和34种:共计有46种鸟类为需受重点关注的物种,占总物种数的18.25%。记录到4种浙江省鸟类新记录,分别为黄嘴角鸮(Otus spilocephalus)、方尾鹟(Culicicapa ceylonensis)、远东苇莺(Acrocephalus tangorum)和蓝短翅鸫(Brachypteryx montana)。钱江源国家公园内鸟类组成兼具古北界和东洋界成分,东洋种(45.24%)占比略高于古北种(42.46%);留鸟和迁徙性鸟类的物种数近似;繁殖鸟类中以东洋种为主(68.79%),冬候鸟中则以古北种占绝对优势(94.83%)。本研究结果表明,钱江源国家公园虽然面积有限(252 km2),但记录鸟种数占浙江全省的52%,在鸟类多样性保护中有重要价值;同时本研究的结果将为该国家公园管理以及未来的鸟类监测和研究提供基础本底

基于红外相机技术的白鹇日活动节律研究

2014年5月至2016年4月,利用红外相机技术,系统调查和分析了浙江古田山国家级自然保护区内白鹇(Lophura nycthemera)的性比、集群方式和日活动节律。调查期间共获得244个有效位点的数据,累计58 890个工作日,收集到33 276份白鹇的照片和视频,有效探测5 687次,统计出雄性成体(含亚成体)3 946只次,雌性4 179只次,雌雄性比为1.06︰1。记录到群体大小从2至12只不等,群的组成方式多样。日活动节律分析的结果显示,白鹇的日活动时间段为5:00~18:00时,于6:00时、11:00时和16:00时有3个活动高峰,其间于10:00时和14:00时出现两个活动的低谷。雌雄个体的日活动节律基本一致,但雄性个体相比雌性清晨的活动高峰延长1 h(雌性6:00~8:00时,雄性6:00~9:00时),而午后的静息低谷推后1 h(雌性14:00时,雄性15:00时)。日活动节律密度函数分析结果显示,白鹇的日活动节律存在季节性变化。白鹇在春季和冬季存在早晚两个明显的活动高峰,而夏季和秋季在6:00~18:00时都较为活跃。同时,相比其他季节,白鹇在冬季早晨开始活动的时间推迟,傍晚结束活动的时间提前。不同季节的比较表明,白鹇在冬季和春、夏季的日活动节律重叠程度最低。白鹇日活动节律在低海拔带(200~700 m)和高海拔带(700~1 200 m)上存在差异,低海拔带个体在夏季和冬季的傍晚比高海拔带个体活跃。本研究结果为保护区内白鹇的保护管理提供了基础的科学依据

Study on crosslingking methods and biosorption efficiency of algae

本文研究了甲醛、戊二醛、甲醇作交联剂对海带藻粉进行化学交联后,不同交联方式对Cu2+、Cd2+的吸附率的影响,并与未交联的藻粉吸附Cu2+、Cd2+的效果进行了比较.同时分析了藻粉对Cu2+、Cd2+金属离子吸附动力学方程,探讨了pH值、温度、藻粉颗粒粒径等因素对吸附率的影响.The kelp particles crosslinked with formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde and methanol were studied in this paper. They were used for biosorption efficiency studies with copper and cadmium. The effects of different crosslinking and non-crosslinking methods were examined and compared. At the same time, the sorption kinetics of metal ion by the particles was analyzed. A number of factors can affect biosorption efficiency, including the pH value, temperature and particle sizeof kelp,etc.厦门市高新技术项目资助(3502Z2001266

A study on the desorption of metal ions by immobilized marine algae

本文研究了固定化海带吸附含铜、镉溶液的解吸过程.结果表明:在所选的HC l、HNO3、Na2CO3、NaHCO34种解吸剂中,HC l、HNO3均有一定的解吸效果,但HC l比HNO3更适合做解吸剂.当解吸剂盐酸的浓度为0.1mol/dm3时,解吸率最大.The desorption process of Cu~(2+) and Cd~(2+) by immobilized marine algae was investigated in this article.It can be noted from the experimental results tha among the four desorbents(HCl,HNO_3,Na_2CO_3,NaHCO_3),HCl and HNO_3 can desorp metal ions to some sort,but HCl is more suitable for desorption.The desorption efficiency reaches the maximum when the concentration of HCl is 0.1mg/dm~3

The research on the adsorption effect on metal ions by immobilized marine alage

研究了固定化海带吸附含铜、镉溶液的过程,结果表明:非活性海带吸附水溶液中铜、镉离子的动力学过程可以用班厄姆吸附速率方程描述,铜和镉的吸附速率常数分别为0.107 8和0.030 28 min-1;生物吸附过程符合Langmuir模型,根据Langmuir吸附等温模型的计算结果,得到固定化海带对铜和镉离子的最大吸附量分别为83.3和112.4 mg/g,海带对铜离子的亲和性比对镉离子强.The process of adsorption of Cu~(2+),Cd~(2+) by immobilized marine alage was investigated. It may be noted from the results that, the process for bio-sorption of heavy metals(Cu,Cd) by immobilized Laminaria japonica can be described by the Bangham model. The adsorption rate constant calculated is 0.107 8 and 0.030 28 min~(-1) for Cu~(2+) and Cd~(2+) according to the model,respectively.The experimental biosorption equilibrium data for Cu~(2+) and Cd~(2+) are in good agreement with those calculated by the Langmuir model.The maximum uptake capacity calculated is 83.3 and 112.4 mg/g for Cu~(2+) and Cd~(2+) according to the Langmuir model,respectively.The appetency of Laminaria japonica to Cu~(2+) is better than Cd~(2+)

The influencing factors of the adsorption of metal ions by immobilized marine alage

研究了固定化海带吸附含铜、镉溶液过程的影响因素,结果表明,在pH为3.0~5.0时对Cu2+保持高的吸附率,在pH为4.0时对Cd2+的吸附率达到最大.随着Cu2+,Cd2+金属离子初始浓度的降低,吸附率有所降低.对Cd2+的吸附率均随着温度的升高而变大.随着吸附剂浓度的增大,对Cu2+,Cd2+的吸附率逐渐升高,与此相反,对Cu2+,Cd2+的吸附量则逐渐减小.粒径对Cu2+的吸附率影响较小,对Cd2+的吸附率有较明显的变化.The influencing factors of the adsorption of metal ions by immobilized marine alage were investigated.It can be concluded from the experimental results that,the adsorption efficiency of Cu~(2+) is high during the wide pH range of 3.0~5.0;for Cd~(2+),the pH range is narrow,its adsorption efficiency reaches the maximum when pH=4.0.The efficiency of Cu~(2+) and Cd~(2+) decreases as the initial concentration of Cu~(2+) and Cd~(2+) decreases.The adsorption efficiency of Cd~(2+)increases as the temperature rises.The adsorption rate increases gradually as the concentration of the sorbents increases.In contrast,the uptake of Cu~(2+) and Cd~(2+) decreases gradually.The particle size little influences on the adsorption efficiency of Cd~(2+),but influence on of Cu~(2+) is significant

The Research on the Desorption of Metal Ions absorbed in Immobilized Marine Algae

论文研究了固定化海带吸附含铜、镉溶液的解吸过程。结果表明:在所选的HCl,HNO3,Na2CO3,NaHCO3四种解吸剂中,HCl,HNO3均有一定的解吸效果,但HC l比HNO3更适合做解吸剂。当解吸剂盐酸的浓度为0.1m o l.L-1时,解吸率最大。The desorption of Cu~(2+) and Cd~(2+) absorbed in immobilized marine algae was investigated. It can be noted from the results that, the desorption effect of HCl and HNO_3 are better among the four desorbents (HCl,HNO_3,Na_2CO_3,NaHCO_3), but HCl is more suitable for desorption. The desorption efficiency reachs the maximum when the concentration of HCl is 0.1 mol/L.厦门市高新技术资助项目(3502z2001266

浙江古田山次生与老龄常绿阔叶林群落特征的比较

常绿阔叶林为东亚亚热带地区的地带性植被,对该地区的生物多样性维持和社会发展具有重要的意义。由于长期人类活动的影响,目前我国分布的常绿阔叶林绝大部分为次生常绿阔叶林。探究次生与老龄常绿阔叶林群落特征的差异,有利于了解人类干扰对亚热带常绿阔叶林的影响,为其保护和恢复提供依据。本研究在古田山老龄与次生常绿阔叶林内共设置了29个0.04 ha样地,比较两者在优势种组成、物种和功能多样性以及生物量等方面的差异。结果表明:(1)次生林与老龄林优势种组成相似,二者均以甜植(Castanopsis eyrei)、木荷(Schima superba)等典型常绿阔叶林优势种为主,但这些树种在次生和老龄常绿阔叶林中的优势度次序不同。(2)整体而言,次生林的Shannon-Wiener指数和功能离散度高于老龄林;次生林与老龄林的物种Bray-Curtis指数和功能Sorensen指数均无显著差别。(3)就垂直层次而言,次生林与老龄林在Shannon-Wiener指数和Bray-Curtis指数的差异主要体现在乔木层和灌木层。(4)就群落结构而言,次生林的植株密度高于老龄林,但群落水平和个体水平的生物量均显著小于老龄林。上述结果表明,人类干扰改变了古田山常绿阔叶林群落的多个重要特征,不同群落特征的恢复过程并不同步。因此,对常绿阔叶林生物多样性和生态系统功能的保护和恢复需要从多个角度着手

古田山与中国其他东部典型常绿阔叶林物种组成特征的比较

古田山国家级自然保护区保存着大面积低海拔典型常绿阔叶林,为了解不同地点常绿阔叶林物种组成的差异和驱动因素,该研究在古田山常绿阔叶林内共设置29个20 m×20 m的样地,收集其他14个典型常绿阔叶林的数据,探究古田山常绿阔叶林的物种组成特征,并将15个亚热带东部典型常绿阔叶林进行比较,分析了我国东部典型常绿阔叶林的物种组成差异及驱动因素。结果表明:(1)古田山广泛分布有我国东部典型常绿阔叶林中的栲类林、青冈类林等植被,物种组成在东部典型常绿阔叶林中具有代表性。(2)我国东部典型常绿阔叶林间物种组成差异明显,主要是受环境因素影响而非地理距离,气候因素中最冷月最低温(MTCM)的影响最显著。(3)我国东部典型常绿阔叶林叶生活型组成受最冷月最低温的影响最显著,受最热月最高温(MTWM)的影响是其次,降水量没有显著影响。综上结果发现,生境过滤是我国东部典型常绿阔叶林物种组成差异的主要驱动因素,反映了极端低温对我国亚热带常绿阔叶林物种组成具有重要影响,为常绿阔叶林的保护提供了科学依据

Study on the Adsorption of Metal Ions by Immobilized Marine Algae with the Existence of Clay

研究了在粘土存在下固定化海藻粉吸附含铅溶液的过程.结果表明:粘土与海藻混合后,对重金属的吸附量随海藻的含量的增加而增加.在pH=5时,最佳的比例为粘土比海藻为1∶4.现场重金属废水处理(Cu2+、Pb2+、Cd2+、Ni2+)的平均吸附率大于70%.The process of adsorption of metal ions by immobilized marine algae with the existence of clay was investigated.It can be noted from the results that,after mixing with clay,the adsorption rate increases rapidly with increasing amount of the marine algae.When pH=5,the best ratio of quantity between the clay and the marine algae is 1∶4 for Pb~(2+).The result of in-situ handling of the waste water containing heavy metals shows that the average adsorption rates of heavy metal ions Cu~(2+),Cd~(2+),Pb~(2+),and Ni~(2+) are all over 70%.厦门市高新技术专项基