A Gas Analysis Method for Determining the Perchlorate Current Efficiency and Other Applications

高氯酸盐电解电流效率的化学分析过程复杂、费时．本文通过改变电解槽结构，提出一种气体分析方法，即采用氧阴极或使用一张钠离子交换膜改变电解槽结构，通过测定电解槽产气量，得到电解电流效率．与传统分析方法相比，气体分析方法既简单又方便．这种方法特别适用于实验室研究使用和评价阳极材料的电化学性能．此外，使用氧阴极代替铁阴极，可以降低电解电压和节约电能A method for determining the current efficiency by means of measuring the flow capacity of the cell gas in a perchlorate cell has been proposed. The perchlorate cell system was equipped with an oxygen cathode or a Na + ion exchange membrane. This method is simple and convenient as well as accurate in the evaluation of the perchlorate current efficiency in the perchlorate cell as compared with the traditional methods of analysis. It is useful in the investigation of electrochemical problems with high perchlorate concentration,as well as for the assessment of electrocatalytic performance of anode materials.With an oxygen cathode in place of the mild steel cathode in the perchlorate cell,the cell voltage can be reduced and the energy consumption can be lowerde.作者联系地址：中国科学院大连化学物理研究所!大连116023,中国科学院大连化学物理研究所!大连116023Author's Address: Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Science,Dalian 11602

氢能与燃料电池发展现状及展望

氢是一种洁净的二次能源载体,氢燃料电池具有能量转化率高、噪音低以及零排放等优点。氢气是连接可再生能源与传统化石能源的桥梁,通过氢能与燃料电池,可以实现未来洁净能源利用变革的愿景。世界主要发达国家都非常重视氢能的发展。目前,氢能和燃料电池已在部分领域中初步实现商业化。氢能燃料电池和燃料电池车的研究和商业化发展在日本、美国和欧洲较为迅速,他们不断在氢气生产、氢气储存和氢气利用方面进行创新。在氢能和燃料电池方面,中国紧跟世界发达国家的脚步,然而国内氢能和燃料电池产业链的不完善导致电池成本较高。因此,要加强关键材料研究,实现核心材料和部件的工业化和本土化,建立生产线,尽快完成产业链。中国已经在氢能和燃料电池产业链中部署了整车、系统和电堆,但燃料电池零部件的相关公司仍然很少,尤其是基本关键材料和部件,如质子交换膜、碳纸、催化剂、空气压缩机、氢气循环泵等。虽然国内公司已经开始涉及,但与国际先进产品相比,在可靠性和耐用性方面仍然存在很大差距,大多数关键组件仍然依赖进口。此外,氢气生产和运输的高成本、加氢站等基础设施的不完善,以及技术标准、检测体系的不健全,都限制了燃料电池车的发展。我国燃料电池汽车发展路径要通过商用车带动加氢站建设,降低氢气与燃料电池成本;发展氢燃料电池汽车产业集群,促进全产业链发展。在保障措施与政策需求方面,需要加强顶层设计,全面规划氢能燃料电池发展途径;加强研发投入,确保核心技术自主可控;统筹产业布局,引导产业链协调发展;加强标准制定,支撑技术进步与产业发展。文章分析了国内外氢能产业链结构以及氢燃料电池的发展现状,从产业化和技术两方面分析了国内氢能与燃料电池的发展现状及问题,并结合技术与产业特点提出了发展氢能与燃料电池的对策建议,对我国氢能与燃料电池的发展作出了展望

Ti mesh anodes prepared by electrochemical deposition for the direct methanol fuel cell

An anode structure based on Ti mesh has been developed for the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). This new anode was prepared by electrochemical deposition of a similar to 3 mu m PtRu catalyst layer on similar to 50 mu m Ti mesh. It has a thinner structure compared to that of a porous carbon-based conventional anode. The Ti mesh anode shows a performance comparable to, and exceeding that, of the conventional anode in a DMFC operating with 0.25 or 0.5 M methanol solution and atmosphere oxygen at 90 degrees C. However, it shows a lower performance of the cell when higher concentrations of methanol was employed. This may be attributed to its thin and open structure, which could facilitate the transport of methanol from the flow field to the anode catalyst layer and carbon dioxide in the opposite direction. (c) 2006 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

氢能与燃料电池发展现状及展望

氢是一种洁净的二次能源载体,氢燃料电池具有能量转化率高、噪音低以及零排放等优点。氢气是连接可再生能源与传统化石能源的桥梁,通过氢能与燃料电池,可以实现未来洁净能源利用变革的愿景。世界主要发达国家都非常重视氢能的发展。目前,氢能和燃料电池已在部分领域中初步实现商业化。氢能燃料电池和燃料电池车的研究和商业化发展在日本、美国和欧洲较为迅速,他们不断在氢气生产、氢气储存和氢气利用方面进行创新。在氢能和燃料电池方面,中国紧跟世界发达国家的脚步,然而国内氢能和燃料电池产业链的不完善导致电池成本较高。因此,要加强关键材料研究,实现核心材料和部件的工业化和本土化,建立生产线,尽快完成产业链。中国已经在氢能和燃料电池产业链中部署了整车、系统和电堆,但燃料电池零部件的相关公司仍然很少,尤其是基本关键材料和部件,如质子交换膜、碳纸、催化剂、空气压缩机、氢气循环泵等。虽然国内公司已经开始涉及,但与国际先进产品相比,在可靠性和耐用性方面仍然存在很大差距,大多数关键组件仍然依赖进口。此外,氢气生产和运输的高成本、加氢站等基础设施的不完善,以及技术标准、检测体系的不健全,都限制了燃料电池车的发展。我国燃料电池汽车发展路径要通过商用车带动加氢站建设,降低氢气与燃料电池成本;发展氢燃料电池汽车产业集群,促进全产业链发展。在保障措施与政策需求方面,需要加强顶层设计,全面规划氢能燃料电池发展途径;加强研发投入,确保核心技术自主可控;统筹产业布局,引导产业链协调发展;加强标准制定,支撑技术进步与产业发展。文章分析了国内外氢能产业链结构以及氢燃料电池的发展现状,从产业化和技术两方面分析了国内氢能与燃料电池的发展现状及问题,并结合技术与产业特点提出了发展氢能与燃料电池的对策建议,对我国氢能与燃料电池的发展作出了展望

Novel electrode structure for DMFC operated with liquid methanol

Novel electrode structures for the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) based on Ti mesh are reported. A new anode with a hydrophilic structure prepared by coating Pt-Ru catalyst on Ti mesh using thermal decomposition showed a performance comparable to that of the conventional porous carbon-based structure one in DMFC, whilst a cathode with the same structure showed a poor performance. When a porous structure based on Ti mesh pre-coated with carbon was used as the cathode structure, the performance increased significantly to reach that of conventional carbon paper-based cathode. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Preparation and characterization of new anodes based on Ti mesh for direct methanol fuel cells

A novel anode structure based on Ti mesh for the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) has been prepared by thermal deposition of similar to 5 mu m PtRuO2 catalyst layer on similar to 50 mu m Ti mesh. The preparation procedures and the main characteristics of the anode were studied by half-cell testing, scanning electron microscopy analysis, energy-dispersive X-ray measurement, and single-cell testing. The optimum calcination temperature is 450 degrees C, calcination time is 90-120 min, PtRuO2 catalyst loading is 5.0 mg cm(-2), Pt precursor concentration range of solution is 0.14-0.4 M, and solution aging time is 1 day. The performances of the anodes prepared using the solution kept within 20 days showed no significant difference. When it was used in DMFC feed with low-concentration methanol solution at 90 degrees C, this new anode shows better performance than that of the conventional anode, because its thin hydrophilic structure is a benefit to the transport of methanol and carbon dioxide. However, due to its opening structure, when higher concentration methanol was employed, the performance of the cell with new anode became worse. (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society

Preparation of Monodispersed UltraSmall PtCu Alloy with Remarkable Electrocatalytic Performance

Preparation of Monodispersed UltraSmall PtCu Alloy with Remarkable Electrocatalytic Performanc

Tubular cathode prepared by a dip-coating method for low temperature DMFC

A novel tubular cathode for the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) is proposed, based on a tubular titanium mesh. A dip-coating method has been developed for its fabrication. The tubular cathode is composed of titanium mesh, a cathode diffusion layer, a catalyst layer, and a recast Nafion film. The titanium mesh is present at the inner circumference of the diffusion layer, while the recast Nafion(R) film is at the outer circumference of the catalyst layer. A DMFC single cell with a 3.5 mgPt cm(-2) tubular cathode was able to perform as well, in terms of power density, as a conventional planar DMFC. A peak power density of 9 mW cm(-2) was reached under atmospheric air at 25 degrees C