14 research outputs found
Two-dimensional materials for electrocatalytic water splitting
氢能是一种高热值、无污染的洁净能源.电解水制氢被认为是一种有效利用可再生能源,如风能、太阳能等,实现能量储存和转换的前沿科技.二维材料独特的结构和电子特性使其在催化电解水反应中具有广阔的应用前景.本文系统综述了二维材料在催化电解水反应中的两个半反应——阴极析氢反应(HER)和阳极析氧反应(OER)中的关键科学问题和最新进展,并展望了该领域所面临的挑战和机遇.Hydrogen is a kind of clean energy with high calorific value and non-pollution. There are many methods for hydrogen production. Fuel processing technologies transform a hydrogen containing material such as coal, petroleum, or natural gas into a hydrogen rich stream. However, these processes need an external heat source for the reactor and produce large amounts of carbon dioxide. Hydrogen production by electrolysis of water is regarded as an advanced technology to make effective use of renewable resources, such as wind power, solar power, etc., to achieve energy storage and conversion. Water electrolysis includes hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) and oxygen evolution reaction(OER). These reactions are normally catalyzed by precious metals, such as platinum(Pt) and iridium(Ir)-based catalysts, which limits the large-scale application of electrolysis of water. Thus, it is necessary to develop alternative catalysts with low cost and high performance. Two-dimensional(2D) materials have considerable application prospect in electrocatalysis of H2 O because of their unique structural and electronic properties. In addition, 2D materials with a reduced dimension compared with the bulk material exhibits several distinctive properties, such as high specifc surface area, high thermal and electric conductivity and more catalytic active sites. In this review, the key scientific issues and the latest advances in the two half-reactions(HER and OER) of electrocatalytic water splitting with 2D materials are systematically summarized. The mechanisms of HER and OER are discussed briefly. The involved 2D materials for HER in this work include graphene, graphene encapsulated transition-metal catalysts, g-C_3N_4 and 2D transition-metal dichalcogenides, while for OER contain layered double hydroxide(LDH) and graphene encapsulated transition-metal catalysts materials. For graphene, g-C_3N_4 and 2D transition-metal dichalcogenides, there are various techniques to enhance the catalytic activity of the materials, s国家科技部重点研发计划(2016YFA0204100,2016YFA0200200); 国家自然科学基金(21573220); 中国科学院前沿科学重点研究计划(QYZDB-SSW-JSC020)和中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA09030100)资
Two-dimensional materials confining single atoms for catalysis
近年来,单一原子或单一位点催化剂因其独特的结构和电子特性受到催化研究人员的广泛关注.目前,多种无机固体材料被用作限域该类单原子催化剂,包括传统的金属氧化物、沸石分子筛以及金属有机框架配合物等.载体的性质会显著地影响单原子的催化性能,因此具有独特物理化学性质的二维材料无疑是限域单原子的一类理想介质,并逐渐引起了人们在该领域的研究兴趣.二维材料兴起于石墨烯的成功剥离,随后其他类似物如氮化硼、氮化碳以及二硫化钼等蓬勃发展起来.结构简单明确且性质独特的二维材料自身就是一类新颖的催化剂,其与单原子的结合将会为催化带来更多新的可能.二维材料限域单原子催化剂的潜在优势如下:(1)二维材料独特的电子结构对单原子中心的电子特性有显著的调变作用,使其催化性能更为独特;(2)二维材料通常具有巨大的比表面积,这允许其锚定更多的单原子从而显著提高其活性位密度;(3)单原子层二维材料有利于反应物分子从双向接触其表面限域的单原子位点,增加碰撞几率并降低传质阻力;(4)二维材料限域单原子催化剂可被视为理想的模型催化剂,其结构均一的活性中心有利于催化剂构效关系的研究;(5)二维材料限域的单原子能够反过来促进或激活二维材料的本征催化活性.在这里,我们总结了二维材料限域单原子催化剂的最新进展,其中二维材料主要涉及石墨烯、氮化碳和硫化钼.我们围绕在二维材料限域单原子催化剂中什么是真正的活性位点及其如何协同催化等问题进行了讨论,进而展望了二维材料限域单原子催化剂的应用前景和挑战.[无可用摘要]Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2016YFA0204100,; 2016YFA0200200]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [21573220,; 21621063]; Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of the Chinese; Academy of Sciences [QYZDB-SSW-JSC020]; Strategic Priority Research; Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDA09030100
二维催化材料在电解水中的研究进展
氢能是一种高热值、无污染的洁净能源.电解水制氢被认为是一种有效利用可再生能源,如风能、太阳能等,实现能量储存和转换的前沿科技.二维材料独特的结构和电子特性使其在催化电解水反应中具有广阔的应用前景.本文系统综述了二维材料在催化电解水反应中的两个半反应——阴极析氢反应(HER)和阳极析氧反应(OER)中的关键科学问题和最新进展,并展望了该领域所面临的挑战和机遇
Energy catalysis with 2D materials and their heterostructures
Energy catalysis with 2D materials and their heterostructure
二维材料限域单原子催化剂研究进展(英文)
近年来,单一原子或单一位点催化剂因其独特的结构和电子特性受到催化研究人员的广泛关注.目前,多种无机固体材料被用作限域该类单原子催化剂,包括传统的金属氧化物、沸石分子筛以及金属有机框架配合物等.载体的性质会显著地影响单原子的催化性能,因此具有独特物理化学性质的二维材料无疑是限域单原子的一类理想介质,并逐渐引起了人们在该领域的研究兴趣.二维材料兴起于石墨烯的成功剥离,随后其他类似物如氮化硼、氮化碳以及二硫化钼等蓬勃发展起来.结构简单明确且性质独特的二维材料自身就是一类新颖的催化剂,其与单原子的结合将会为催化带来更多新的可能.二维材料限域单原子催化剂的潜在优势如下:(1)二维材料独特的电子结构对单原子中心的电子特性有显著的调变作用,使其催化性能更为独特;(2)二维材料通常具有巨大的比表面积,这允许其锚定更多的单原子从而显著提高其活性位密度;(3)单原子层二维材料有利于反应物分子从双向接触其表面限域的单原子位点,增加碰撞几率并降低传质阻力;(4)二维材料限域单原子催化剂可被视为理想的模型催化剂,其结构均一的活性中心有利于催化剂构效关系的研究;(5)二维材料限域的单原子能够反过来促进或激活二维材料的本征催化活性.在这里,我们总结了二维材料限域单原子催化剂的最新进展,其中二维材料主要涉及石墨烯、氮化碳和硫化钼.我们围绕在二维材料限域单原子催化剂中什么是真正的活性位点及其如何协同催化等问题进行了讨论,进而展望了二维材料限域单原子催化剂的应用前景和挑战.financial support from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2016YFA0204100, 2016YFA0200200);the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21573220, 21621063);the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (QYZDB-SSW-JSC020);the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA09030100)~~
一种用于电催化反应的同步辐射原位检测装置
本发明公开了一种用于电催化反应的同步辐射原位检测装置。由同步辐射X射线吸收精细结构谱(XAFS)线站前电离室、后电离室(或荧光检测器)和原位池组成。通过将进行电催化反应的膜电极组装在该原位池中,在原位池中各组件的检测窗口在同一中心线上条件下,采用X射线照射到膜电极上,并以透射或反射方式到达同步辐射XAFS线站后电离室或荧光检测器,实现了在电催化反应过程中催化剂结构的原位检测;原位池的检测窗口在流场板中央,死体积少,提高了实验数据的准确性和可靠性;原位池中加热板和流场板之间用螺钉固定在一起,不仅实现流场板上检测窗口的密封,而且方便膜电极的组装和更换。是一套适合研究电催化反应过程和机理的检测装置