Population genetic structure and phylogentic analysis for Morone americana in Delaware Bay of United States

美洲狼鲈(Moroneamericana，Gmelin，1789)隶属于鲈形目(Perciformes)，狼鲈科(Moronidae)，狼鲈属(Morone)，别名美洲白鲈、白石鮨。美洲狼鲈是在美国东海岸浅海区域十分常见的一种溯河洄游鱼类，每逢春末夏初，生活于近海和河口区域的美洲狼鲈便溯河洄游至河流中上游产卵繁衍。美洲狼鲈也经常被用作海区污染程度的指示种。鉴于美洲狼鲈广泛的分布范围以及巨大的种群数量，其十分适合作为近岸洄游性鱼类群体研究的模式种类。同时，其在检测环境污染方面也具有主要作用。目前有关美洲狼鲈的遗传标记仅仅局限于少量线粒体限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)标记，需要大量高质量的线粒体...White perch (Morone americana,Gmelin, 1789) is an abundant semi-anadromous species found along the east coast of United States. During late spring to early summer, M. americana moves upstream from brackish water or estuary into fresh waters to spawn. It is also considered as a good indicator species of contaminant. Given its abundance and widespread distribution, M. americana may serve as a good m...学位：理学博士院系专业：海洋与地球学院_海洋生物技术学号：2232012015343

Growth characteristics of two morphologically similar varieties of Marsupenaeus japonicus under indoor cultivation environment

我国沿海日本囊对虾MArSuPEnAEuS JAPOnICuS群体资源可依据其头胸甲形态分为两种不同形态变异类型。文章对室内养殖环境中日本囊对虾2种形态变异类型f1群体不同性别对虾的体长和体质量进行了跟踪测量,研究其生长特性及其规律。结果表明:日本囊对虾体长和体质量呈幂函数关系,两群体雌、雄虾的体长、头胸甲长与体重的拟合参数b值皆近似为3,呈等速生长。拟合其VOn bErTAllAnffy生长方程如下,形态变异类型Ⅰ(♀):lT=15.932x[1–E–0.0067(T–26.5055)],WT=48.798x[1–E–0.0067(T–26.5055)]2.973;形态变异类型Ⅰ(♂):lT=13.642x[1–E–0.0091(T–35.0053)],WT=30.437x[1–E–0.0091(T–35.0053)]2.969;形态变异类型Ⅱ(♀):lT=13.865x[1–E–0.0077(T–22.8107)],WT=31.449x[1–E–0.0077(T-22.8107)]3.103;形态变异类型Ⅱ(♂):lT=12.094x[1–E–0.0102(T–32.6776)],WT=21.470x[1–E–0.0102(T–32.6776)]3.120。进一步分析其极限生长年龄和生长拐点日龄结果表明,在同池饲养条件下,雌虾个体大于雄虾,形态变异类型Ⅰ的个体大于形态变异类型Ⅱ;前者临界最大体重高于后者,但性成熟时间晚于后者。研究结果为日本囊对虾生长性状相关群体选育提供了基础生物学依据。The kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus is widely distributed throughout the Indo-West Pacific.Two morphologically similar varieties I and II were recognized along the coast of China.The growth characteristics were studied on the basis of the successive data of body length and body weight of Marsupenaeus japonicus cultured in indoor cultivation environment.The results showed that the relationships between body length and body weight can be described by the power functions as follows:VarietyⅠ(♀):W=0.013×L2.973,VarietyⅠ(♂):W=0.013×L2.960,VarietyⅡ(♀):W=0.009×L3.103,VarietyⅡ(♂):W=0.009×L3.120,where the value b in W=a×Lb was all close to 3,indicating an isometric growth.The von Bertallanffy equations were expressed as follows:VarietyⅠ(♀):Lt=15.932× [1–e–0.0067(t–26.5055)],Wt=48.798×[1–e-0.0067(t–26.5055)]2.973;VarietyⅠ(♂):Lt=13.642×[1–e–0.0091(t–35.0053)],Wt=30.437×[1–e-0.0091(t–35.0053)]2.969;Variety Ⅱ(♀):Lt=13.865×[1–e–0.0077(t–22.8107)],Wt=31.449× [1–e–0.0077(t–22.8107)]3.103;VarietyⅡ(♂):Lt=12.094×[1–e–0.0102(t–32.6776)],Wt=21.470×[1–e–0.0102(t–32.6776)]3.120.Further analysis of their asymptotic values of body length,body weight and longevity showed that the female was higher than male and that VarietyⅠ was higher than VarietyⅡ.国家“虾产业体系”项目(CARS-47); 高技术研究发展计划(“863”计划)项目“主要养殖甲壳类良种培育”(2012AA10A409

The Reduced-representation Sequencing Technique and Its Applications in Marine Organisms

传统开发遗传标记的方法通常会消耗大量的人力、物力和时间,伴随着高通量测序技术的飞速发展,一种高效的标记开发技术即简化基因组测序技术开始得到广泛应; 用.简化基因组测序技术可以在一次实验中获得成千上万的遗传标记,建库过程简易,成本较低.其通过实验手段降低基因组的复杂度,仅对部分基因组进行测序,; 随后在该部分获得的基因组开发分子标记.基于酶切的简化基因组测序技术可分为三大类:简化代表库测序、限制性酶切位点相关DNA测序和低覆盖度的分型测序; .在海洋生物研究中,简化基因组测序技术已被广泛应用于群体遗传学、系统进化学、适应性进化、遗传图谱构建及数量性状位点定位等研究领域.Traditionally,methods of molecular marker development were expensive and; involved iterative,time-consuming PCR process.With the rapid development; of next generation sequencing,a very efficient marker development; technique,reduced-representation sequencing,has been widely utilized in; various research areas.The library construction protocol is simple with; low cost.More-over,the reduced-representation sequencing could identify; thousands of markers in only one sequencing process.It reduces the; complexity of the genome,sequences the reduced genome and searches; markers on this partial genome.The reduced-representation sequencing can; be grouped into three classes:reduced-representation; sequencing,restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq),and low; coverage genotyping.This technique has been widely applied in population; genetics,phylogenetics,adaptive evolution,linkage map and quantitative; trait locus (QTL) mapping studies in marine organisms.国家自然科学基

The Effects of Morphometric Traits on Body Weight of Two Morphologically Similar Varieties of Marsupenaeus japonicus

我国沿海日本囊对虾(MArSuPEnAEuS JAPnICuS)群体可依据其头胸部侧面斜纹延伸到头部腹面与否分为2种不同形态变异类型.随机选取室内相同养殖环境下2种形态变异类型f1群体对虾各90尾,分别测量体长(X1)、头胸部长(X2)、第1~6腹节长(X3~X8)、尾节长(X9)、头胸部宽(X10)、第1~6腹节宽(X11~X16)、尾节宽(X17)、头胸部高(X18)、第1~6腹节高(X19~X24)等24项形态指标和体质量(y)性状.比较2种形态变异类型群体各形态性状与体长的比例参数发现,二者在体形上存在一定差异.相关分析和通径分析结果表明,两群体对虾各形态性状与体质量的相关性均达到极显著(P<0.01)水平;形态变异类型Ⅰ群体的体长、第1腹节宽、头胸部宽、第5腹节长、第3腹节长和第6腹节宽对体质量直接影响显著;形态变异类型Ⅱ群体则以体长、头胸部长、第5腹节宽和第1腹节宽对体质量直接影响显著;两群体决定系数分析结果与通径分析结果一致.经显著性分析,将偏回归系数显著的变量对体质量建立多元回归方程,形态变异类型Ⅰ:y=-23.789+1.525 X1+5.183 X10+10.889 X11+5.671 X7-4.066 X5-4.054 X16,形态变异类型Ⅱ:y=-20.533+1.476 X1+4.759 X11+1.573 X2+6.864 X15,2个方程的回归关系均达到了极显著水平(P<0.01).研究结果表明,该结果可为日本囊对虾生长性状相关选育提供测度指标.The kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus is widely distributed throughout the Indo-West Pacific.Two morphologically similar varietiesⅠandⅡ,are recognized along the coast of China.These two varieties are characterized by different color banding patterns on the carapace.In this study,ninety individuals from two morphologically similar varieties of Marsupenaeus japonicus were randomly sampled respectively for measuring 24morphometric traits including body length(X1),carapace length(X2),the firstsixth abdominal segment length(X3-X8),telson length(X9),carapace width(X10),the first-sixth abdominal segment width(X11-X16),telson width(X17),carapace height(X18),the first-sixth abdominal segment height(X19-X24).The results for morphological characteristics showed that there is some difference in the body figure between the two varieties.By correlation and path analysis,the results showed that the correlation coefficients of each morphological trait to body weight(Y)were all at extremely significant level(p<0.01).The path coefficients of body length,the first abdominal segment width,carapace width,the fifth abdominal segment length,the third abdominal segment length and the sixth abdominal segment width of varietyⅠto body weight all reach significant level(p<0.05),but the direct effect of the last two traits to body weight is negative.The body length,carapace length,the fifth abdominal segment width and the first abdominal segment width of varietyⅡto body weight all reach significant level(p<0.05).The result of determination coefficients analysis was consistent with that of path in two varieties.The morphometric traits which reach level of significance(p<0.05)are used to establish the multiple regression equations,which were Y=-23.789+1.525 X1 +5.183 X10+ 10.889 X11 +5.671 X7-4.066 X5-4.054 X16(varietyⅠ)and Y =-20.533+1.476 X1 +4.759 X11 +1.573 X2 +6.864 X15(varietyⅡ),respectively.国家高技术研究发展计划(863)项目(2012AA10A409); 现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(ARS-47

The thermotolerance of the two morphologically similar varieties of juvenile kuruma shrimp( Marsupenaeus japonicus)

高温耐受值(CTMAX)为评估日本囊对虾稚虾高温耐受性的重要指标,本实验探讨了不同暂养温度(24、28和32℃)和升温速率[(1±0.2)℃/H和(1±0.2)℃/MIn]对CTMAX值的影响,同时利用CTMAX和环境响应系数Arr比较了两种形态变异类型日本囊对虾稚虾的高温耐受性差异,并从二者的地理分布、耗氧率、窒息点和温度系数Q10生理代谢指标对其高温耐受机理进行了分析。实验结果如下:(1)不同的暂养温度和升温速率对两种形态变异类型日本囊对虾稚虾的CTMAX值均有显著影响(P<0.05);(2)在相同升温速率下,32℃组形态变异类型Ⅱ稚虾的CTMAX值高于形态变异类型Ⅰ(P<0.05),各实验温度范围内形态变异类型Ⅱ稚虾的Arr值都显著大于形态变异类型Ⅰ(P<0.05);(3)各温度组中形态变异类型Ⅰ稚虾的耗氧率和窒息点均高于形态变异类型Ⅱ(P<0.05);(4)形态变异类型Ⅰ稚虾在24~28℃的Q10值小于28~32℃的Q10值,而形态变异类型Ⅱ稚虾则与此相反,二者的适温范围不同。结果表明,不同温度对日本囊对虾稚虾的CTMAX值、耗氧率和窒息点均有影响,主要分布于南海水域的形态变异类型Ⅱ稚虾的高温耐受性强于主要分布于东海和南海北部的形态变异类型Ⅰ稚虾。For the reason that the critical thermal maximum( CTMax) is an excellent index for evaluating the thermal tolerance,w e assessed the impact of different acclimation temperatures( 24,28,32 ℃) and heating rates[( 1 ± 0.2) ℃ / h and( 1 ± 0.2) ℃ / min]on the CTMax values firstly.And then we compared the difference of the thermotolerance betw een the tw o morphologically similar varieties of juvenile kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus( Bate,1888) by the CTMax values and the acclimation response ratio( ARR) values,and at the same time,the different distribution,the physiological traits of the oxygen consumption rate,suffocation point and temperature coefcient( Q 10) of the two varieties were analysed to explore their thermal tolerance mechanism.The results are as follow s:( 1) Significant effect was found on the CTMax values of the shrimps by different heating rates and acclimation temperatures( P < 0.05).( 2) At the acclimation temperature of 32 ℃,the CTMax value of variety Ⅱ was greater than that of variety Ⅰ( P < 0.05) and the ARR values of variety Ⅱ were also greater than variety Ⅰ at all temperature intervals.( 3) When exposed to the same acclimation temperature,the oxygen consumption rate and suffocation point of the variety Ⅰ were greater than those of variety Ⅱ( P < 0.05).( 4) The temperature coefcient( Q 10) value of variety Ⅰ at the temperature interval of 28- 32 ℃ was greater than that of 24- 28 ℃,w hile the result of variety Ⅱ was quite the contrary,and there was a difference betw een the optimum temperature of the tw o varieties.The results obtained in this work show ed that the CTMax values,oxygen consumption rate and suffocation point of the juvenile kuruma shrimp were influenced by different acclimation temperatures and the thermotolerance of variety Ⅱ which is mainly distributed in the South China Sea was stronger than that of variety Ⅰ which is distributed in the East China Sea and the northern part of the South China Sea.国家“八六三”高技术研究发展计划(2012AA10A409-03); 现代农业虾产业技术体系专项(CARS-47

Path Analysis of the Effects of Morphometric Traits on Body Weight for 2-month-old Marsupenaeus japonicus

选取人工养殖两月龄日本囊对虾442尾,共测量了11个形态性状.采用多元分析的方法,分别计算得出了各个形态性状对体质量(y)的相关系数、通径系数以及决定系数,并且对于形态性状对体质量的直接作用和间接作用进行了进一步的分析.结果表明,在相关分析中,所有形态性状与体质量的相关系数均达到极显著水平(P0.85).Indicating that the morphometric traits included in this study were major factors influencing body weight.We established the regression equation of the four correlated traits to body weight Y=-1.862+0.352X1+1.087X3+0.983X5+0.528X11.This research result would support the breeding program of M.japonicus.国家虾产业技术体系岗位专家项目(CARS-47

NaCl对4种荒漠豆科植物幼苗生理参数的影响/Effect of NaCl on Physiological Features of 4 Legume Seedlings in Desert Areas of Xinjiang, China[J]

以塔中沙漠植物园引种成功的4种豆科植物紫穗槐(Amorpha fruticosa)、花棒(Hedysarum scoparium)、白柠条(Caragana korshinskii)和骆驼刺(Alhagi sparsifolia)的幼苗为实验材料,研究不同NaCI浓度处理30天其叶绿素荧光参数、叶绿素含量及叶片水势的变化特征.结果表明:在不同浓度NaCl处理下,骆驼刺和白柠条幼苗的叶绿素荧光参数、叶绿素含量及叶片水势的变化程度均低于紫穗槐和花棒；NaCl处理后骆驼刺和白柠条均具有较稳定的光合生理特征,紫穗槐和花棒的稳定性则相对较差；在NaCl处理时,植物叶片水势的变化规律与叶绿素荧光参数具有一定的相关性,它们可以反映幼苗对NaCl处理的不同响应