The Methods of Solar House in the Works of Thomas Herzog

托马斯·赫尔佐格是世界杰出的绿建专家,他的作品以技术与建筑完美结合而著称。本文旨在首先介绍太阳房的一些基本手法与原理,进而对赫尔佐格作品中的太阳房手法进行分析总结,进而找出其中的一些特点。Thomas Herzog is the specialist of green building all over the world. His works are famous for combining architecture with technology. This article analysizes some methods of solar house which works of Herzog uses basing on principles of glasshouse so that finds out some common characteristics

Effect of tea polyphenols on the retrogradation of sweet potato starch

淀粉老化会导致淀粉基食品变硬、弹性减小,严重缩短这些产品的货架期。本文通过X-射线衍射、质构分析、色泽分析和傅立叶变换红外光谱等方法检测甘薯淀粉样品在长期储存过程中(80d)的结构和特性变化,研究茶多酚对甘薯淀粉的抗老化效果。纯甘薯淀粉在放置80d之后,硬度接近初始硬度的30倍,而加入9WT.%茶多酚之后,硬度增大趋势得到明显的抑制,80d之后淀粉胶体硬度不足初始硬度的4倍。实验结果显示,茶多酚可抑制甘薯淀粉形成结晶结构,延缓其结晶过程,从而降低甘薯淀粉胶体的硬度,减小胶体的硬度和色泽变化。这说明茶多酚可有效抑制甘薯淀粉的老化。Retrogradation in cooked starch based products significantly shortens the shelf life of these products as they become firm and less elastic during storage.In this work,the effect of tea polyphenols( TPs) on the retrogradation of sweet potato starch during long- term storage( 80d) was evaluated by characterizing sweet potato starch sample using X- ray diffraction( XRD),texture profile analysis( TPA),color analysis,and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy( FT- IR).After storage for 80 d,the hardness of pure sweet potato starch increased to about30 times of initial hardness.While for sweet potato starch with 9wt.% TPs,the normalized hardness was less than 4.The experimental results showed that TPs retard the recrystallization of starch,resulting in decrease in the hardness of sweet potato starch gel.The variations of hardness and color of the sweet potato starch gel were also limited by the addition of TPs.The results suggested that the retrogradation of sweet potato starch was inhibited by TPs

Comparison between REA model and thin layer drying model based on strip drying kinetics

为了获得最适用于烟草干燥的动力学模型,达到设计、优化和控制烟草干燥过程的目的,采用湿度发生器联用热重技术(TGA)研究了65 ℃ &RH; 15%, 75 ℃ & RH 10%和85℃& RH 5%条件下片烟的干燥动力学行为,并利用REA (Reaction engineering; approach)以及8种经验或半经验的薄层干燥模型分别对不同温湿度条件下的片烟干燥行为进行模拟。结果表明:①干燥温度越高,相对湿度越小时,片烟; 的干燥速率越快,平衡含水率越低;②REA模型预测的片烟干燥动力学曲线与实验曲线能够很好地吻合,尤其是在含水率由20%降至12%阶段;8种薄层干燥; 模型中Two; term模型拟合出的R~2值最大,均方根误差(RMSE)最小,是描述片烟干燥行为较合适的模型;③薄层干燥模型仅仅是获得特定温湿度条件下相对应的动; 力学参数,而REA模型是将温度和湿度作为变量引入模型中,模型中的动力学参数可以描述任意温湿度条件下的片烟干燥动力学行为;④REA模型构造简单,预; 测准确快速,较Two term模型更具有普适性、实用性。In order to select a kinetic model best fit for the design, optimization; and control of tobacco drying process, the drying kinetic behavior of; tobacco strips under the conditions of 65 ℃ & RH 15%, 75 ℃ & RH10%, 85 ℃; & RH 5% was investigated with a humidifier combined with TGA; (Thermogravimetric analyzer). The drying behavior of tobacco strips was; simulated by REA (Reaction engineering approach) model and eight; selected thin layer drying models (semi-empirical or empirical). The; results showed that: 1) With the rise of temperature and decrease of; humidity, the drying rate of strips raised and the equilibrium moisture; content of strips lowered. 2) The drying kinetic curves predicted by REA; model well agreed with experimental curves, especially at the stage when; the moisture content decreased from 20% to 12%. Among eight thin layer; drying models, Two term model was the best for predicting the drying; behavior of strips with the highest R~2 (determination coefficient) and; the lowest RMSE (root mean square error). 3) Thin layer drying model; reflected only the kinetic parameters corresponding to specified drying; conditions, while in the REA model the temperature and humidity served; as variables, it enabled the kinetic parameters in REA model to describe; the drying kinetic behavior at any drying condition. 4) REA model was; simple in structure, fast and accurate in prediction, more universal and; practical than Two term model.福建中烟工业有限公司科技项

Improvement and Experiment of Cleaning Loss Rate Monitoring Device for Corn Combine Harvester

针对玉米籽粒收获时,损失率检测不准的问题,以压电薄膜作为敏感材料,设计了一种由冲击传感器、信号处理电路和安装装置等组成的玉米收获机籽粒清选损失监测装置,并采用支持向量机多分类算法提取玉米籽粒冲击信号,实现了玉米籽粒损失的实时监测。首先,在不同冲击角度和高度的实验条件下,对不同大小的玉米籽粒和杂余进行冲击信号的采集实验,提取冲击信号的主要特征。采用支持向量机多分类算法对模型进行训练,并在监测装置上实现实时分类。使用不同品种和含水率玉米对分类模型进行验证。然后,在不同风机转速和清选筛开度的条件下,得到测试时间内传感器检测的籽粒个数与总损失量之间的关系,并根据谷物流量值,计算得到实时的清选损失率。最后,将该监测装置安装在4YL-8型玉米联合收获机上,并进行田间试验。结果表明,该监测装置与人工检测相比,平均相对误差为12.98%,可以为收获机的控制提供反馈信息。</p

一种激光诱导荧光检测器

一种激光诱导荧光检测器，包括有：一微调装置，用于放置和调整样品池的位置；一用于调整光路的辅助光源；一观察镜，用于光路调整；一激发光源，为检测器的工作光源，由激光器、参比光电二极管、减光板和二色镜组成；一组光学透镜，将工作光源成像聚集，由聚焦透镜、成像透镜、滤光片和光阑组成；以及一光电信号转换器，接受并输出检测信号。本发明基于共焦点方式，得到高效的成像系统，可更换的样品池使得该检测器可用在微型高效液相色谱法(Micro-HPLC)，毛细管电泳(CE)，毛细管电色谱法(CEC)等分离分析技术中；可调光阑可最大限度地抑制杂散光，使背景信号大大降低；观测校准装置使得日常校准非常容易操作。带填

Droplet drying behaviour of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-containing emulsion

National High Technology Research and Development Programme of China [2011AA100802-3]; Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China [2011J05032]; Xiamen Kingdomway Group Company (China)Docosahexaenoic acid (DNA), one of the poly unsaturated fatty acids in omega-3 series, has attracted the attention of functional food industries due to its significant benefits to human health. DNA is often microencapsulated with modified starch and whey protein concentrate (WPC) to reduce oxidation, to improve stability during storage, and to mask any unpleasant odour. Spray drying is a common method to manufacture encapsulated powders. To the best of our knowledge, there is yet any work reported On the drying behaviour of the DNA emulsions. In fact, there is no reported literature on droplet drying behaviour, especially drying kinetics, for fish/algae oil in water emulsion system. Here, the drying behaviour of different kinds of DNA-containing emulsion droplets with varying concentrations and wall-materials were investigated via a single droplet drying device utilising the glass-filament approach to yield representative kinetics data. The changes of droplet size, moisture content, and droplet/particle temperature during drying were recorded, with the Reaction Engineering Approach (REA) employed to correlate the data. The related mechanisms were also discussed. The model has been shown to provide an accurate description of drying behaviour of different systems. This model can be implemented in dryer-wide simulation software to investigate large scale operations, thus the current work has provided the essential basis for future large scale explorations. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Convective Drying Kinetics of Single Droplets of Aqueous Glucose

Conference Name:7th Asia-Pacific Drying Conference. Conference Address: Tianjin, PEOPLES R CHINA. Time:AUG, 2011.The convective drying kinetics of single droplets of aqueous glucose was measured using a single droplet drying rig. The effects of air temperature and velocity were evaluated. It was found that the droplet of aqueous glucose shrank uniformly, retaining a nearly spherical shape during drying. The normalized volume (d/d(0))(3) of the droplet decreased linearly with its moisture content. A constant-drying-rate-like period occurred when the moisture content of the droplet was higher than an amount of about 1.0 kg kg(-1) dry solid. The diameter of the droplet decreased sharply due to the evaporation of water, while its temperature remained at a wet-bulb-like temperature in this period. When the moisture content of the droplet was lower than the above-mentioned value, the drying transferred to a falling-drying-rate-period, during which the temperature of the droplet rose quickly and approached the air temperature as drying continued. The effect of air temperature on the drying of single droplets of aqueous glucose was more pronounced when compared with that of air velocity