42 research outputs found

    A New Random Walk Simulation Model for Study of Diffusion Behavior of Single Particle Within Two-Dimensional Space

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    分子的扩散行为是微观化学的重要研究领域. 影响扩散行为的因素很多,但是目前各个因素的具体影响效果还不明确. 作者基于随机行走理论建立了分子在二维空间的扩散模型,依据此模型自主开发了模拟软件以及数据分析系统,并利用该模拟软件系统研究了势垒尧横向速度等因素对扩散行为的影响,验证了该模型的可靠性,证明根据该模型可以得到和实验尧理论相吻合的结果. 该软件有望成为模拟微观化学扩散行为的潜在平台,如电化学以及膜过滤过程中的扩散.Research on diffusion behaviors is of significant value in that it is closely related to transport phenomena in micro-chemistry. However, the effects of variables on diffusion are still unclear. Here, we developed and programmed a simulation methodology along with data analysis, which was capable to simulate the diffusion of a particle within twodimensional heterogeneous space in large timescale; the effects of periodically arranged impenetrable barriers of specific shape and lateral drifting velocity on diffusion behavior were studied. As well as standard mean square displacement analysis, a new method, the appearance probability distribution method, was introduced, which revealed whether the particle tended to be present at certain positions. This article introduced the construction of the simulation model and demonstrated the validity of the model. The results showed that our model fit qualitatively well with experiments and theories. The model was proved to be an excellent potential platform for simulating the diffusion behaviors in micro-chemistry, such as the diffusion process in electrochemistry as well as nanofiltration membrane.This work was supported by National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2010CB732400), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (20821063, 20873063, 51071084, and 21273113), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK2010389).This work was supported by National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2010CB732400), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (20821063, 20873063, 51071084, and 21273113), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK2010389).作者联系地址:南京大学 化学化工学院, 生命分析化学国家重点实验室, 江苏 南京 210008Author's Address: State Key Lab of A nalytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China通讯作者E-mail:[email protected]

    变形轮移动机器人性能分析与仿真

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    设计了一种变形轮移动机器人,通过控制舵机来实现轮式结构和三轮辐弧形腿式结构之间的相互转换。应用变形轮工作原理,对其进行了运动学建模和越障能力的分析,运用Adams软件对变形轮移动机器人进行越障能力的动态仿真,验证了运动学分析的正确性,并得到了位移、速度、加速度的运动规律曲线;运用Abaqus软件对其进行有限元仿真,得到了应力应变图及振型图。分析表明,该移动机器人强度、刚度及振动满足设计要求。研究为变形轮移动机器人的理论研究提供了重要参考

    臭氧对玉簪叶片近轴侧和远轴侧伤害的比较

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    为探讨臭氧(O3)是否伤害叶片远轴侧以及对与近轴侧和远轴侧伤害的异同,以玉簪为材料通过显微观察、叶绿素荧光诱导动力学和气体交换等技术研究了该问题。叶片形态和显微观察表明,200μg·kg-1 O3处理10 d后玉簪叶片近轴侧表面和叶肉组织呈现明显伤害症状,而远轴侧在300μg·kg-1 O3条件下也发生明显伤害。O3处理显著改变了叶片近轴侧和远轴侧荧光诱导动力学曲线的形状;尽管两侧荧光诱导动力学曲线的K、J和I点相对荧光产量均增加,但仅近轴侧K点的相对荧光上升幅度更加明显。此外,O3处理下玉簪叶片的光合速率和叶绿素含量均下降,相对电导率和膜脂过氧化程度大幅增加。鉴于显微观察和荧光诱导动力学的测定结果,我们认为O3能够同时伤害玉簪叶片近轴侧和远轴侧叶肉组织,并就臭氧对玉簪叶片两侧的伤害机制进行了比较和讨论

    Double-module unfoldable stretch-draw integral structure with self-unfolding folding hinge

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    本发明涉及一种张力结构,特别涉及一种具有自展开折叠铰链的双模块可展开张拉整体结构。包括下模块单元和上模块单元;下模块单元包括三根下折叠杆;上模块单元包括三根上折叠杆,三根下折叠杆沿周向分布,且下端通过旋转铰链与底座连接,三根上折叠杆与三根下折叠杆通过张力绳连接,形成可展开张拉整体结构。三根下折叠杆通过一组竖索依次首尾连接;三根上折叠杆通过另一组竖索依次首尾连接;三根上折叠杆的上端通过水平索依次连接。本发明占用空间小,适用于航天器运载,节约质量和体积;可在空间上建造大型、轻型结构

    Effects of Conformational Transformations on Electronic Transport Properties of Optical Molecular Switches: An ab initio Study

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    采用密度泛函理论方法系统地研究了由不同结构转变方式引发的一系列光致变色分子在用于分子开关时的电子输运性质. 对各种分子结构转变前后的最高占据轨道(HOMO)与最低空轨道(LUMO)的能级间隙(HLG)、前线轨道的空间分布、电子透射谱和投影电子态密度(PDOS)谱进行了计算和讨论. 结果表明,相似的结构转变方式通常造成分子具有相似的电流开关性质,这与分子的共轭程度又有一定的关系. 比较各种分子的电流开关比后发现偶氮苯结构单元具有最大的电流开关比.A series of model molecules with 4 kinds of conformational transformations have been investigated as optical molecular switches by using density functional theory combined with nonequilibrium Green’s function method. The theoretical calculations show that molecules after conformational transformations have photoswitching characteristics. We find that the photochromic molecules with the same conformational transformation usually have a similar current on/off state when they are applied as photoshwitches. Among these transformations, the molecular switch with E(“trans”)/Z(“cis”)-isomerisation of the NN double bond has the highest current on-off ratio. The influences of the energy gap (HLG) between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), spatial distributions, transmission and projected density of states (PDOS) spectra on the electronic transport through the optical molecular switches are discussed in detail.This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51071084, 21273113, 21121091 and 11204120) and National Key Technology R&D Program of China (No. 2012BAF03B05)This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51071084, 21273113, 21121091 and 11204120) and National Key Technology R&D Program of China (No. 2012BAF03B05)作者联系地址:南京大学 化学化工学院,生命分析化学国家重点实验室,江苏 南京 210008Author's Address: State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China通讯作者E-mail:[email protected]

    The Variable Rule and Empirical Solution on Characteristic Value of Wetted Zone under Non-pressure Irrigation

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    无压灌溉土壤湿润体形状为球冠,径向和垂向最大湿润距离相等且与时间存在显著的幂函数关系,随着时间的延长,径向和垂向最大湿润距离趋于一定值。湿润体大小与供水压力之间呈抛物线关系,在零压力附近湿润体体积最大。湿润体半径与累计入渗量呈幂函数关系,拟合方程中的系数和指数为一定值,与入渗时间和供水压力无关,在试验条件下,分别为18.467和0.5037。综合以上结果,提出了预测无压灌溉土壤湿润体特征值的经验解模型

    Study on crop-pan coefficient of greenhouse tomato under non-pressure irrigation

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    以-25 kPa作为土壤水势临界值,将作物—皿系数(Kcp)设为0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1.0,1.2六个处理,研究了不同灌溉水量时的番茄产量、品质和灌溉水利用效率。通过经济效益评价,研究了杨凌地区无压灌溉温室番茄获得最高经济效益时的作物—皿系数。通过张力计读数变化规律,研究了利用张力计测量无压灌溉湿润体内土壤水势的特点。研究结果表明,Kcp为0.2~0.8时,灌溉水量的增加对番茄产量影响不大;Kcp为1.0~1.2时,灌溉水量的增加能显著提高番茄产量和果实大小;Kcp为0.2时的灌溉水量能极显著提高番茄的灌溉水利用效率。在综合考虑了杨凌地区水价、番茄使用目的和市场价格波动规律后,Kcp取值1.2能获得最高的经济效益。作物—皿系数法计算灌溉水量时的滞后性特点和张力计埋设位置,是判断利用张力计监测土壤水势临界值方法有效性的两个重要因素

    超高速光纤拉丝工艺技术研究

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    从光纤拉丝炉、光纤退火和光纤冷却等方面进行了分析,阐述了高速拉丝的工艺基础。从拉丝炉温场和气流场角度出发,探索了光棒直径与中心管直径的匹配范围;同时对光纤保温炉的温度和距离进行了摸索确定,可以有效提高光纤翘曲度,降低断纤率;光纤冷却用氦气流量在10slm以上时,可以保证光纤内涂层的直径及光纤的微弯损耗。通过对上述参数的探索,确定了一套超高速拉丝的稳定工艺,实现了提速增效

    Relay node deployment method in time delay limited wireless sensor network

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    本发明涉及无线网络技术,具体地说是一种时延受限无线传感器网络中的中继节点部署方法。该方法包括覆盖与连通两个步骤,覆盖步骤的主要目的是在时延约束条件下用尽量少的中继节点覆盖所有传感器节点,而连通步骤的主要目的是在时延约束条件下用尽量少的中继节点构建网络连通性。其中覆盖包括可行部署位置分组、分组选择和可行位置选择三个步骤;连通包括可行性检验、连通性构建和中继修剪三个步骤。本发明充分考虑时延受限无线传感器网络对于时延和部署成本的要求,提出一种时延受限双层无线传感器网络中基于集合覆盖的中继节点部署方法,在满足网络时延要求的前提下通过部署尽量少的中继节点构建网络连通性

    饲料中硒元素对中华米虾SOD活性的影响

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    研究了饲料中添加不同剂量的硒元素对中华米虾体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力的影响.实验表明,饲料中添加微量元素硒对中华米虾体内SOD的激活作用显著,并表现出明显的剂量效应.饲料中添加亚硒酸钠浓度应控制在一定范围内,若高于一定浓度,随着养殖时间的增长,虾体SOD的活性反而会降低
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