中国古代死刑慎用思想探讨

死刑自古以来都以最严厉的刑罚著称,一直延续到今天,其仍然在刑罚舞台上扮演着重要的角色。中国死刑的历史源远流长,其以各种各样所能想象到的方式结束罪犯的生命,残酷性令世界叹为观止。但仔细研究,在中国古代的刑罚史中,死刑并没有被滥用,它也受着各方面的牵制。这些牵制,即体现了古代死刑的慎用思想。本文试图对死刑慎用思想的概念、存在的思想基础以及其表现形式进行探讨,以便更清楚了解古代死刑慎用制度与实践

Study on Legal Issues of Surrogacy

代孕生育作为一种人工辅助生殖技术，在其解决不孕不育问题方面确实显现出了它独有的强大功能，对我国法治与科技的协调发展将有重大的推动作用。但它带来了诸多法律难题，其中比较突出的有代孕协议、代孕所生子女亲子身份的认定、对提供代孕服务主体的规范等一系列的法律问题，这势必会对传统法律制度带来冲击和挑战。目前，我国现行立法对代孕采取全面禁止的态度，但这并非权宜之计。从长远看，我国应当借鉴若干国家和地区的成熟做法，有条件地适度开放代孕，积极制定法律来规范和引导代孕生育的健康发展，实现代孕合法化的有效规制，使这项技术造福于人类。 基于此，本文主要梳理了代孕中法律问题的相关理论和学说，立足我国代孕生育问题的现...Surrogacy has been appearing powerful function really in solving the problem of barrenness as a kind of technology on artificial assistant reproduction, which will contributes greatly to the coordinated development of the rule of law and the science and technology in our country. But it also brings about many legal problems. Surrogacy leads to a series of more prominent legal issues, including sur...学位：法律硕士院系专业：法学院法律系_法律硕士(JM)学号：1302009115042

Risk factors of gastrointestinal bleeding with dabigatran etexilate for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation patients and its preventive strategies

新型口服直接凝血酶抑制剂达比加群酯预防卒中疗效确切,但消化道出血风险不容小视。本文结合近5年达比加群酯用于预防心房颤动患者脑卒中时致消化道出血的临床随机试验和详细个案报道,对达比加群酯致消化道出血的可能危险因素、预防达比加群酯致消化道出血的措施等作一综述。临床医师应权衡应用达比加群酯的利弊,保证治疗的安全、有效。Dabigatran etexilate, a new direct thrombin inhibitor, has precise clinical curative effect on reducing the risk of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation, but the risk for major gastrointestinal bleeding is significant. This paper reviewed risk factors and preventive strategies of gastrointestinal bleeding with dabigatran etexilate for stroke in atrial fibrillation patients according to randomized trials and case reports in recent five years. Clinician should balance the risk of bleeding with treatment outcome of dabigatran etexilate to ensure the effectiveness and safety of treatment

The mechanism of ROS regulation of antibiotic resistance and antimicrobial lethality

抗生素的不合理使用甚至滥用,使得细菌耐药性问题日趋严重。如何解决这一难题是人类目前面临的一项巨大挑战。除开发新型抗菌药物之外,寻找新的方法以增强现有抗生素的杀菌效果也是一种切实可行的策略。近期的研究发现活性氧簇(Reactive oxygen species,ROS)在细菌耐药及抗生素杀菌方面均发挥重要作用。非致死浓度的抗生素作用下产生的ROS会通过影响Mar R(Multiple antibiotic resistance repressor)-Mar A(Multiple antibiotic resistance activator)激活药物外排泵,通过Sox R(Superoxide response transcriptional regulator)-Sox S(Superoxide response transcription factor)途径启动细菌应激保护机制以及通过促进SOS DNA损伤修复系统诱导耐药突变,从而促成抗生素耐药与耐受的形成。而致死浓度的抗生素作用产生的ROS则会参与抗生素杀菌并减少耐药菌产生。除与抗生素浓度有关外,ROS参与细菌耐药与抗生素杀菌过程还会受到一系列遗传调控因子(如Maz EF、Cpx、Sox R和Mar RAB)的影响,因此存在一定复杂性。本文综述了ROS在细菌耐药与抗生素杀菌方面的作用机制,以期为寻找新的方法以增强现有抗生素杀菌效果,解决抗生素耐药问题提供一定的借鉴和指导。Misuse and overuse of antibiotics have led to serious resistance problems that pose a grave threat to human health. How to solve the increasing antibiotic resistance problem is a huge challenge. Besides the traditional strategy of developing novel antimicrobial agents, exploring ways to enhance the lethal activity of antibiotics currently available is another feasible approach to fight against resistance. Recent studies showed that ROS plays an important role in regulat-ing both antibiotic resistance and antimicrobial lethality. ROS produced by sublethal levels of antibiotic induces antibiotic resistance through activating drug efflux pumps via Mar R(Multiple antibiotic resistance repressor)-Mar A(Multiple antibiotic resistance activator), triggers the protective function against stress via Sox R(Superoxide response transcriptional regulator)-Sox S(Superoxide response transcription factor), and promotes mutagenesis by induction of SOS system. On the contrary, ROS triggered by lethal levels of antibiotic promotes bacterial killing and suppresses resistance. In addition to the concentration of antibiotic, the role of ROS in mediating antimicrobial resistance and bacterial killing is also regulated by a series of genetic regulators(e.g. Maz EF, Cpx, Sox R, Mar RAB). Thus, how ROS contribute to antimicrobial resistance and bacterial killing is complex. In this review, we summarized the mechanism of ROS in regulating antibiotic resistance and antimicrobial lethality, which may provide references and guidance for finding new ways to enhance antimicrobial lethality of currently available antimicrobials and battling antibiotic resistance.国家自然科学基金项目(编号:81473251,81301474,31370166);; 福建省自然科学基金项目(编号:2014J01139,2015J01345)资助~

N-(2-羟基乙基)芥酰胺对高脂血症金黄地鼠的降脂及保肝作用

高脂血症是诱发心血管疾病的主要危险因素之一,控制血脂的升高对于预防心血管疾病具有十分重要的意义。对于多数患者来说,单纯通过改善饮食结构来严格控制血脂水平是比较困难的,通常需要借助药物进行治疗。目前临床上广泛使用的降血脂药物主要包括HMG-COA还原酶抑制剂、贝特类等。研究表明,过氧化物酶体增殖激活受体α(PPARα)激动剂具有调血脂功能,其合成配体贝特类已成为治疗高脂血症的一线药物,但长期应用易引起肝

油酰乙醇胺对高脂血症大鼠降血脂及肝脏的保护作用

目的观察油酰乙醇胺(OEA)对高脂血症模型大鼠降血脂及肝脏保护作用。方法高脂饮食建立高脂血症大鼠模型,分别观察OEA(10,203,0 mg/kg)对高脂血症大鼠的血清胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、肝重和肝脏系数、肝脏丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的影响。制作冰冻切片观察大鼠肝脏脂质变性程度。结果与模型组相比,OEA(20,30mg/kg)具有降血脂作用,同时降低血清ALT、肝脏脂质、肝重和肝脏系数、肝脏MDA水平,升高肝脏GSH-Px活力。结论 OEA能降低高脂血症大鼠血脂、抑制肝脏脂肪沉积,并减轻脂质过氧化物对肝脏的损伤

140Mb/s伪随机码发生器的研制

本文介绍一种采用国产ECL器件实现的高速伪随机码发生器。文中对伪随机码进行了理论分析;阐述了提高其码速率的措施,并给出了7级及23级伪随机码发生器电路

140Mb/s误码率测试仪通过鉴定

<正> 我国第一套140Mb/s误码仪由武汉邮电科学研究院激光通信研究所研制成功,并于1985年4月10日通过了技术鉴定。该仪表是发展大容量数字通信系统的重要测试设备之一