Centralized Remote Monitoring System for Bred Fish in offshore Aquaculture Cage

为克服离岸深水网箱群养殖水域环境和鱼群安全日常监测不便的问题,提出了一种集中式深水网箱群鱼群状态远程监测系统。采用水声多波束探测技术、多路信号处理技术设计了远程探测节点,用于扫描各深水网箱内部空间;采用虚拟仪器技术设计了本地监控中心,便于用户集中控制远程探测节点、查看网箱探测结果;采用gPrS无线数据传输技术构建了远程、实时的指令和数据传送通道。监测系统样机在福建省泉州市围头深水网箱养殖现场进行测试,结果表明:系统设计合理,操作方便,性能稳定、可靠,能够准确及时地反馈养殖环境变化情况和网箱鱼群状态,减轻养殖工作量。In order to monitor the aquatic environment and fish state in offshore aquaculture cage farm daily,a centralized remote monitoring system for bred fish was developed.The system was composed of remote detecting node(RDN) and local monitor and control center(LMCC).RDN based on the techniques of multi-beam detection and multi-path signal process was placed in the center of a cage to scan the inner cage and measure the aquatic environment.LMCC based on LabVIEW was placed in the office to manage all the remote detecting nodes remotely and show fish state.The communication between LMCC and RDN depended on GPRS wireless data transmission technology.The system prototype was tested in the field of offshore aquaculture cage farm in Quanzhou,Fujian province.The results show that the system is reasonable design,simple operation,easy placement,and robust under different environmental conditions.It can real-time monitor the aquatic environment and fish activity remotely,provide users with a variety of information such as fish amount,fish growth in the offshore fish cage,and give an alarm in the time when net clothing damage or fish escape.国家自然科学基金资助项目(41176032);中国博士后科学基金第五十批面上资助项目(2011M501082

纪念五四宪法颁布暨全国人民代表大会成立五十周年理论研讨会纪要

今年 9月是五四宪法颁布、全国人民代表大会成立五十周年。五四宪法是新中国的第一部宪法 ,为我国的社会主义民主法制奠定了基础 ,具有划时代的意义。坚持和完善人民代表大会制度 ,是新的历史条件下推进政治体制改革和社会主义政治文明建设的重要内容。基于“以学术表达纪念、以纪念促进学术”的目的 ,中国社会科学院法学研究所于 2 0 0 4年 9月 5日举办了“纪念五四宪法颁布暨全国人民代表大会成立五十周年理论研讨会”。来自全国各地的 70余位代表莅临会议 ,研讨了诸多热点和前沿问题

SNX14 deficiency-induced defective axonal mitochondrial transport in Purkinje cells underlies cerebellar ataxia and can be reversed by valproate

共济失调是一类以运动协调性紊乱为主要特征的神经系统症状，临床表现包括步态不稳、丧失平衡、吞咽困难、眼球运动异常、肌张力受损等。厦门大学医学院神经科学研究所王鑫教授团队首次从轴突线粒体运输这一全新视角揭示了一类遗传性共济失调的发病机制，并发现抗癫痫药--丙戊酸大幅度减缓模型小鼠的疾病进程，具有较强的转化应用价值，有望为共济失调提供新的治疗手段。 该研究工作由王鑫教授指导完成，厦门大学医学院助理教授张洪峰和博士生洪育娟共同完成主要实验工作。Loss-of-function mutations in SNX14 cause autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia 20, which is a form of early-onset cerebellar ataxia that lacks molecular mechanisms and mouse models. We generated Snx14-deficient mouse models and observed severe motor deficits and cell-autonomous Purkinje cell degeneration. SNX14 deficiency disrupted microtubule organization and mitochondrial transport in axons by destabilizing the microtubule-severing enzyme spastin, which is implicated in dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia with cerebellar ataxia, and compromised axonal integrity and mitochondrial function. Axonal transport disruption and mitochondrial dysfunction further led to degeneration of high-energy-demanding Purkinje cells, which resulted in the pathogenesis of cerebellar ataxia. The antiepileptic drug valproate ameliorated motor deficits and cerebellar degeneration in Snx14-deficient mice via the restoration of mitochondrial transport and function in Purkinje cells. Our study revealed an unprecedented role for SNX14-dependent axonal transport in cerebellar ataxia, demonstrated the convergence of SNX14 and spastin in mitochondrial dysfunction, and suggests valproate as a potential therapeutic agent.We thank Tim Huang for helpful discussion, Wei Mo for sharing mouse lines, Li Zhong for sharing reagents, Aidong Han, Luming Yao, Caiming Wu, Mingxia Zhu, Qingfeng Liu, Lin Zhu, Shuo Zhang, Haiping Zheng, and Changchuan Xie for technical assistance, and Cui Li for providing bioinformatics software. We also thank Novogene Co., Ltd. and PTM Biolab Co., Ltd. for technical assistance in the transcriptomic and proteomic analyses, respectively. 厦门大学医学院许华曦、赵颖俊、张云武、杜丹教授在研究过程中给予大力帮助和支持。本研究工作得到国家重点研发计划项目、国家自然科学基金、福建省自然科学基金、厦门大学校长基金的资助和支持

Trisomy 21-induced Dysregulation of Microglial Homeostasis in Alzheimer’s Brains is Mediated by USP25

阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer’s disease, AD）是一种最为常见的与记忆、认知能力退化相关的渐进性神经退行性疾病。唐氏综合征（Down’s syndrome, DS）是早发型阿尔茨海默病的一个重要风险因素，作为最常见的智力障碍遗传疾病，厦门大学医学院神经科学研究所王鑫教授团队揭示了治疗阿尔茨海默病和唐氏综合征新的治疗靶点，并且在小鼠模型上利用USP25小分子抑制剂成功地改善了阿尔茨海默病小鼠的认知功能，缓解了神经退行性病变的病理进程。该研究工作由王鑫教授指导完成，厦门大学医学院助理教授郑秋阳和博士生李桂林完成主要实验工作，王世华、朱琳、高月、邓青芳、张洪峰、张丽珊、吴美玲、狄安洁参与了部分研究工作。厦门大学医学院许华曦、赵颖俊和孙灏教授在研究过程中给予大力帮助和支持，清华大学董晨教授提供了Usp25基因敲除小鼠，厦门大学附属妇女儿童医院周裕林教授和郑良楷博士帮助收集了脑组织样品。Down syndrome (DS), caused by trisomy of chromosome 21, is the most significant risk factor for early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however, underlying mechanisms linking DS and AD remain unclear. Here, we show that triplication of homologous chromosome 21 genes aggravates neuroinflammation in combined murine DS-AD models. Overexpression of USP25, a deubiquitinating enzyme encoded by chromosome 21, results in microglial activation and induces synaptic and cognitive deficits, whereas genetic ablation of Usp25 reduces neuroinflammation and rescues synaptic and cognitive function in 5×FAD mice. Mechanistically, USP25 deficiency attenuates microglia-mediated proinflammatory cytokine overproduction and synapse elimination. Inhibition of USP25 reestablishes homeostatic microglial signatures and restores synaptic and cognitive function in 5×FAD mice. In summary, we demonstrate an unprecedented role for trisomy 21 and pathogenic effects associated with microgliosis as a result of the increased USP25 dosage, implicating USP25 as a therapeutic target for neuroinflammation in DS and AD.This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31871077, 81822014, and 81571176 to X.W.; 81701130 to Q.Z.), the National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFC1305900 to X.W.), the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China (2017J06021 to X.W.), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Chinese Central Universities (20720150061 to X.W.), and the BrightFocus Foundation (A2018214F to Yingjun Zhao). 该研究工作得到国家重点研发计划项目、国家自然科学基金、福建省自然科学基金、厦门大学校长基金的资助和支持

基于多尺度形态学与奇异值分解的滚动轴承故障特征提取

针对多尺度形态差值滤波存在的问题,将多尺度形态差值算子与奇异值差分谱理论相结合,提出了一种新的滚动轴承故障特征提取方法,能有效滤除噪声,并提取出信号中的故障信息。借助特征能量比的概念,在多尺度形态差值滤波中,提出并分析了两种不同的多尺度加权方法,同时对不同最大分析尺度下多尺度形态差值滤波的结果进行了研究。然后利用奇异值差分谱理论对未能有效滤除高斯噪声的形态差值滤波结果进行SVD重构,得到最终的特征提取结果。仿真表明该方法能在高噪声背景下有效提取出脉冲冲击信号,并在实测轴承故障信号特征提取中得到了验证

Morphology and ultrastructure of compound eye in horseshoe crab,Tachypleus tridentatus

应用光镜及电镜技术研究中国鲎(Tachypleus tridentatus(Leach))复眼的形态和超微结构。结果表明,中国鲎复眼表面覆盖角膜层,外形呈半球形,由800~1 200个小眼组成,组成复眼的小眼面均为椭圆形。每个小眼包括透光和感光两部分。透光部分由透光锥体和透光孔径组成;感光部分包括小网膜细胞及色素细胞。小网膜细胞分R-区和A-区,R-区是有感杆束分布的区域,A-区是没有感杆束分布的区域,但A-区的表面覆盖着色素细胞,色素颗粒主要分布于A-区和R-区的交界处。8个小网膜细胞排列成的桔瓣状结构组成1个小眼的感光部分。[中国水产科学,2006,13(4):517-524]The morphology and fine structure of the compound eye in horseshoe crab,Tachypleus tridentatus was investigated by using light and electron microscopy.The results indicated that the compound eye of Tachypleus tridentatus consists of 800-1?200 ommatidia;the facet of the compound eye is oval.An ommatidium is composed of transparency area and photonasty area;the transparency area is made up of cuticular cone and aperture,but photonasty area includes retinular cells and a lot of pigment cells.Retinular cell divides into rhabdomeral-segment and arhabdomeral-segment.Rhabdom distributs in rhabdomeral-segment but not in arhabdomeral-segment,moreover pigment cells are covered with arhabdomeral-segment and the majority pigment cells distribute in the join point of rhabdomeral-segment and arhabdomeral-segment.Eight wedge-shaped retinula cells rank radially about the optical axis of the ommatidium like the segment of an orange,which are the morphological and functional units of a compound eye.[Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2006,13(4):517-524]国家自然科学基金项目(30572077);; 2005年厦门市海洋与渔业局基金项目(k53008

Transcriptional Regulation of Mouse bace1 Gene by HIF-1

阿尔茨海默症的一个关键致病原因是大脑中淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)的过度产生或堆积.Aβ是由其前体蛋白APP经β-和γ-分泌酶依次水解而生成的,但对于这些分泌酶基因表达的转录调控的了解还很少.由于大脑发生缺氧/缺血会造成Aβ的产量增加,而缺氧时所激活的转录因子HIF-1(Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1)会调控下游多种基因的表达,我们对HIF-1是否参与调控β-分泌酶的表达进行了研究.对小鼠β-分泌酶基因bace1的调控序列进行分析,发现其中含有一个缺氧应答元件(Hypoxia-Responsive Element,HRE).我们的数据显示,HRE突变片段启动报告基因荧光素酶表达的活性比正常序列片段的启动活性明显降低.电泳迁移率的变动分析(EMSA)实验进一步证实,HIF-1可以与小鼠bace1中HRE元件相互作用.当在哺乳动物细胞中过度表达HIF-1时,BACE1的mRNA水平和蛋白质水平均有明显的增高.这些结果表明小鼠bace1基因的表达受转录因子HIF-1的调控.鉴于目前阿尔茨海默症研究领域都把抑制BACE1作为首选治疗靶位,HIF-1因而有可能成为治疗AD的一种药物靶点.Deposition of beta-amyloid protein(Aβ) in the brain is one of the most critical pathological hallmarks in Alzheimer's disease(AD).Aβ is generated by sequential proteolytic cleavages of beta-amyloid precursor protein(APP) by two secretases,β-and γ-secretase.However,knowledge on transcriptional regulation of these secretase genes is limited.Since hypoxia/ischemia has been found to increase Aβ production in the brain and hypoxia is known to stimulate expression and activity of transcription factor HIF-1(hypoxia-inducible factor 1).Here,we study whether HIF-1 regulates the expression of the β-secretase gene.Sequence analysis revealed a hypoxia-responsive element(HRE) in the putative promoter region of the mouse β-secretase gene,bace1.Mutation of the HRE dramatically impaired the activity of the mouse bace1 promoter,as measured by in vitro luciferase activity assay.In addition,the electrophoretic mobility shift assay(EMSA) demonstrated a clear binding of HIF-1 to the HRE.Moreover,overexpression of HIF-1α significantly increased the level of bace1 mRNA and protein.Taken together,our results demonstrate,for the first time,that the expression of mouse bace1 is transcriptionally regulated by HIF-1,suggesting that HIF-1 may be a therapeutic target for treating AD and providing a molecular mechanism for increased incidence of AD following cerebral ischemic and stroke injuries.国家自然科学基金(30672198);; 美国国立卫生研究院研究基金(AG030197)资

Pollution and Assessment of Heavy Metals in Huangpu River Sediments

采用地积累指数法和潜在生态危害指数法对黄浦江沉积物中的重金属进行了评价研究,解释了两种评价方法结果存在差异的原因。两种评价方法的结果均表明,黄浦江砷污染严重,镉中等程度污染,且各个江段均受到了一定程度的污染。Based on the principle of sedimentology and environmental behavior of heavy metals, the index of geoaccumulation and potential ecological risk index were used to evaluate heavy metals pollution in sediments of Huangpu River, Shanghai. The difference between these two methods was explained as well. Results showed that each section of the River has been polluted with As and Cd as the major heavy metal pollution.国家自然科学基金委员会(20077016);; 中国博士后基金(2002032148);; 厦门大学行动计划(0660-X01114