Effect of Auxins, and Node maturity on Rooting of Hypericum androsaemum L. Cuttings

本研究測試NAA 與IBA 二種生長素之不同濃度對於豔果金絲桃(Hypericum androsaemum L.)四品種插穗發根之影響，結果顯示二種生長素皆能使豔果金絲桃之插穗發根，其中除了1.5 g/Kg IBA 處理H104001 品種發根率為88.9％之外，其餘皆達100％。在插穗的發根根數上，以IBA 處理較NAA 處理為佳，且以1 g/Kg IBA 的效果最為顯著。就發根指數而言，以0.5 和1.0 g/Kg 的IBA 與1.0 和1.5 g/Kg 的NAA 處理供試的四個品種時，皆可獲得最佳的發根指數，處理間無顯著差異。另外，利用不同成熟節位的枝條進行扦插試驗，發現採取頂梢和未木質化之節位作為插穗時，其發根根數最佳，頂梢發根率最高，皆達100％，而以木質化節位作為插穗時之發根效果最差。 The survival rate of Hypericum cuttings is always lower when farmers propagated the cutting plants by themselves. The purpose of this study is to find out the suitable way to solve the problem. The auxin application and node maturity of cuttings were assessed for their efficiency on rooting of four varieties of Hypericum androsaemum L. All assays were carried out in net house of Floriculture Research Center, TARI. The results showed that different types and concentrations of auxins affected the rooting efficiency of H. androsaemum. All the cuttings reached 100％ rooting after all the concentration of auxin treatment exception of 1.5 g/Kg IBA treatment. In general, the root number of H. androsaemum cuttings was induced more by IBA treatment than that of NAA treatment. The maximum root number was obtained from 1.0 g/Kg IBA treatment. The highest rooting index was obtained by treating with 0.5 and 1.0 g/Kg of IBA and 1.0 and 1.5 g/Kg of NAA. In the assay of cutting maturity on rooting of four varieties of H. androsaemum, data showed that using the non-woody part of stem as cuttings resulted in higher rooting rate and rooting index, especially using the top part of stem as cuttings

To Develop New Dianthus Cultivars of Endemic Dianthus spp. in Taiwan

本論文研究台灣特有種清水山石竹(Dianthus seisuimontanus)之開花機制，並測試各育種親本的花粉活力。最後以日本石竹(D. japonicus)‘紅梅’分別與清水山石竹(D. seisuimontanus)、巴陵石竹(D. palinensis)以及研究室經由長萼瞿麥(D. superbus var. longicaycinus)與五彩石竹(D. chinensis)雜交選育出之石竹營養系CL2-35，進行種間雜交，育出石竹新品種。 清水山石竹植株培養在24小時日長、10℃環境下，再噴施GA3 200 mg/L噴8次能獲得較好的開花品質；其株高為65.8 cm，有6.6個分枝以及18.1朵花。若植株在16小時日長，5℃環境下再噴施GA3 200 mg/L其株高為59.5 cm，每株具有3.7個分枝以及9.0朵花。春季時，清水山石竹以延長日長(18:00-6:00)栽培經 63.8天開花且開花率達100％且開花株每枝有10朵花。夏季栽培，即使延長日長亦無法達到100％的開花率，必須再噴施GA3 200 mg/L持續30週，植株才能達到100％開花率，且每株分枝有5.2朵花。若僅噴施GA3 200 mg/L，而不延長日長則無法開花。 清水山石竹或日本石竹‘紅梅’的花粉分別培養於含蔗糖20％或10％之B&K培養基置於25℃環境，其花粉發芽率，為8.5％或28.67％。培養溫度上，清水山石竹於20℃時，花粉萌發率最高為12.5％；而日本石竹‘紅梅’的花粉則於25℃時萌發率較高。而兩者培養於40℃也能獲得3.33％或4.0％的花粉發芽率。 巴陵石竹與日本石竹‘紅梅’雜交，結果率皆有70％以上。雜交後代性狀皆具有日本石竹的革質化葉片與巴陵石竹細長而堅硬的枝條，但如花朵大小、花色皆屬於中間型。清水山石竹與日本石竹‘紅梅’雜交，結果率也有70％以上，後代植株簇生化比率80％以上。少數開花株其花朵大小、花色大多屬於中間型，但具有香味。CL2-35與日本石竹‘紅梅’雜交，結果率為100％，後代株型偏矮，花色皆屬中間型。而以上三種雜交組合選拔出9個營養系(JrP02、JrP09、JrP18、SJr41、SJr181、SJr182、CLJ01、CLJ02以及CLJ03)，而其中JrP09經切花試驗，切花壽命為30.1天。The studies were to regulate the flowering of endemic Dianthus seisuimontanus and to test pollen germination of Dianthus spp.for breeding. Then, D. seisuimontanus, D. palinensis,and D. superbus var. longicaycinus × D. chinensis‘CL2-35’ were crossed with D. japonicus ‘Red Plum’ for breeding new Dianthus. All of D. seisuimontanus flowered when they were cultured at 10℃ with 24 hrs daylength and was sparyed 200 mg/L GA3 of eight times. The plant height was 65.8 cm with 6.6 branches and 18.1 flowers. When D. seisuimontanus grew at 5℃ with 16 hrs daylength and was sparyed 200 mg/L GA3 for six times. The plant height was 59.5 cm with 3.7 branches and 9.0 flowers. In addition,the flowering response in spring or summer was different. In spring,to extend daylength forced 100% D. seisuimontanus plants flowering within 63.8 days. In summer, to extend daylength did not force D. seisuimontanus flowering. However, in addition to spraying 200 mg/L GA3 for 30 times, all plants flowered. The flowering plant height was 44.9 cm with 2.1 branches and 5.2 flowers. Moreover, the quality of blooms was poorer than those blooms in spring. If plants were sprayed with 200 mg/L GA3 without extending daylength, the plants did not bloom. D. seisuimontanus or D. japonicus ‘Red Plum’ cultured on B&K medium containing 20% or 10% sucrose, respectively, the pollen germination rate were 8.5％ or 28.67％. When D. seisuimontanus cultured at 25℃,the higher pollen germination rate was 12.5％. When D. japonicus ‘Red Plum’ cultured at 25℃, the pollen germination rate was higher than pollen cultured at other temperature. When D. seisuimontanus or D. japonicus ‘Red Plum’ cultured at 40℃, the pollen germination rate was 3.33% or 4.0%, respectively. The fruit set rate of D. palinensis × D. japonicus ‘Red Plum’ was higher than 70%. The characteristics of hybrids,such as coriaceous leaf was similar to D. japonicus ‘Red Plum’.On the otherhand,hybrids with slender but strong shoots was similar to D. palinensis. Both of flower size and flower color of hybrids were intermediate type. The fruit set rate of D. seisuimontanus × D. japonicus ‘Red Plum’ was also higher than 70%. Some hybrids had elegant fragrance but over 80％ of hybrids were rosette. The flower size and flower color of hybrids were intermediate type. The fruit set rate of CL2-35 × D. japonicus was 100%.The hybrids were and with was dwarf, the flower color was intermediate type flowers. Nine clones(JrP02,JrP09,JrP18,SJr41,SJr181,SJr182,CLJ01, CLJ02 and CLJ03)were selected from three interspecies hybridization. And the vase life of JrP09 continued to 30.1 days.中文摘要.......................................................................................................................i Abstract………………………………………………………………………………...ii 目錄……………………………………………………………………………………iv 表目次…………………………………………………………………………………vi 圖目次…………………………………………………………………………………vii 前言(Introduction).........................................................................................................1 前人研究(Literature review).........................................................................................2 一、石竹之起源與分類........................................................................................2 二、育種史............................................................................................................2 三、台灣石竹屬原生種........................................................................................3 四、花期調節........................................................................................................4 五、花粉發芽環境………………………………………………………………..5 六、石竹屬種間雜交……………………………………………………………..6 材料與方法(Materials and methods) …………………………………………………..8 一、試驗材料……………………………………………………………………..8 二、試驗方法…………………………………………………………………......9 1.試驗材料繁殖………………………………………………………….......9 2.溫度、光週期及GA處理對清水山石竹開花之影響…………………9 3.花粉活力測定………………………………………………………….....10 4.石竹之雜交育種……………………………………………………….....10 5.優良實生苗性狀調查………………………………………….…………10 6.切花壽命調查………………………………………………………….....11 7.統計分析……………………………………………………………….....11 結果(Result) …………………………………………………………………………..12 一、長日光週期及GA處理對清水山石竹之影響…………………………...12 1.長日、溫度和GA對清水山石竹開花之影響…………………………12 2.春季與夏季清水山石竹對長日和GA處理之影響……………………12 二、石竹之花粉活力測定………………………………………………………13 1.蔗糖對花粉發芽之影響………………………………………………....13 2.溫度對花粉發芽之影響………………………………………………....13 三、石竹屬物種雜交對結果率及結種率之影響……………………………...13 四、石竹屬物種間雜交後代之種子發芽率…………………………………...13 五、巴陵石竹與日本石竹‘紅梅’種間雜交種之性狀…………………………14 六、清水山石竹與日本石竹‘紅梅’種間雜交種之性狀………………………14 七、CL2-35與日本石竹‘紅梅’種間雜交種之性狀……………………………15 八、巴陵石竹與日本石竹‘紅梅’優良植株之性狀…………………………….16 討論(Discussion)…………………………………….…………………………………20 一、 光週、GA、溫度對清水山石竹開花之影響……………………………..20 二、 蔗糖濃度與溫度對花粉活力之影響……………………………………....21 三、 石竹屬之物種間雜交…………………………………………………….....22 參考文獻(Reference) ……………………………………………………………….....60 附錄(Appendix) ……………………………………………………………………......6

Breeding of hybrid Dianthus ‘Palin Purple Cloud’

石竹‘巴陵紫雲’是由以日本石竹‘紅梅’為母本，巴陵石竹為父本雜交後代選拔出來的。此品種莖長、長披針形葉、有圓柱狀花蕾、花為單瓣中等大小、瓣緣鋸齒狀、花為粉紫色、有紫色斑點、柱頭白色有紫暈、切花壽命1個月以上。在台灣，此品種已授權生產切花。 Dianthus ‘Palin Purple Cloud’ was selected from the population of D. japonicus ‘Red Prum’ crossing with D. palinensis. The cultivar has long stem with lanceolate leaves and cylindrical flower buds. Flower is single and medium. The margin of petal is serrate, pink purple petals has purple specles. The stigmas is white with purple flush. The vase life of cut flower is over one month. The cultivar is authorized for cut flower production in Taiwan