Design and Synthesis of Hollow Porous Carbon Materials and Their pplication in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

锂硫（Li-S）电池由于具有高理论比能量（2600Whkg-1），被认为是最有希望的下一代储能电池之一，并成为了过去几年的研究热点。虽然硫具有储量丰富，低成本和无毒等优点，但硫正极本身固有的问题阻碍了Li-S电池的实际应用：首先，硫本身的电绝缘性、充放电过程中多硫化物易发生穿梭效应、以及硫与硫化锂转化过程中体积膨胀（~80%）等问题造成低的硫利用率和差的循环寿命；其次，目前所报道的Li-S电池正极单位面积的载硫量大多低于2.0mgcm-2，同时，正极中活性物质硫的百分含量普遍低于70wt%，不能满足高能量密度Li-S电池的需求；最后，单位面积硫负载量与电极厚度之间的不匹配，导致高硫负载的正极虽...Rechargeable lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries with the theoretical specific energy (≈2600 Wh kg−1) have attracted considerable attention due to its favorable prospect in future high-energy storage systems. Although sulfur has the advantages of high abundance, low cost, and nontoxicity, several inherent problems caused by the sulfur cathodes still prevent the practical applications of Li-S bat...学位：工学硕士院系专业：萨本栋微米纳米科学技术研究院_能源化工学号：3352014115242

Studies on the plant nematodes in Hexi natural reserve of south subtropical rain forest

作者对福建省南靖县和溪乐土亚热带雨林线虫的种类进行调查鉴定，发现线虫百余种，对其中的14个种进行了细致的观察和描述。这14个种分别隶属于3个目，5个科，7个属，其中有3个新种。这些虫种鉴定为：粗糙丝尾垫刃线虫新种（Filenchuscoarsusn.sp.）无球丝尾垫刃线虫新种（F.nonbulbosusn.sp.）丰富丝尾垫刃线虫（F.ditissimus(Brzeski,1963)Siddiqi,1986）贫弱丝尾垫刃线虫（F.misellus(Andrássy,1958)Raski&Geraert,1987）短缩丝尾垫刃线虫（F.recisusGrewal,1991）卢斯短体线虫...Species composition of nematodes in Hexi natural reserve of south subtropical rain forest were investigated during 2002~2004. More than 100 nematodes species have been found and 14 of them belonging to 7 genus, 5 families, 3 orders were identified, including 3 new species (marked with “※”) and 9 new record species in China (marked with “☆”). These species are: ※Filenchus coarsus n. ...学位：理学硕士院系专业：生命科学学院生物学系_动物学学号：20012605

Advances of studies of nematophagous fungi Arthrobotrys

　根据近年来国内外有关报道,简要论述了节丛孢属在基础科研及开发应用等方面的主要进展。基础科研主要集中在节丛孢捕虫机理的研究上,结果显示,节丛孢主要在活线虫的诱导下产生捕虫器官,捕捉活线虫;节丛孢的捕杀能力与线虫的活动能力呈正相关;该过程还受到诸如营养条件、节丛孢及线虫代谢产物等因素的影响。在应用开发上的研究还不很成熟,尽管取得了一些令人鼓舞的结果,但在短期内完全替代化学杀线虫剂还不现实;相对而言,用节丛孢防治动物线虫要比防治土壤中的植物线虫容易一些。最后,提出了节丛孢属研究需要解决的若干问题,并对节丛孢属研究前景作了预测。The nematophagous fungi Arthrobotrys is a significant biological control agent for a wide range of nematodes.This review mainly summarizes the recent knowledge of Arthrobotrys on basic research and practical applications.According to researches on mechanism of predating nematodes,Arthrobotrys mainly generates predacious organ by alive nematodes and predates alive quarries.The more active nematodes are,the more predacious ability Arthrobotrys has.This course also is influenced by many other factors such as nutrition,metabolized materials and so on.The applications of Arthrobotrys are still undeveloped and the fungus could not take the place of chemical nematicides in the near future,although having many inspiring facts.We also know comparing application in plant nematodes in soil,it is easier to deal with animal nematodes.Furthermore,this review also brings some stresses about following researches on Arthrobotrys,and points out the prospect of further studies.福建省重大科技项目(2002N005

Self-supporting sulfur cathodes enabled by two-dimensional carbon yolk-shell nanosheets for high-energy-density lithium-sulfur batteries

具有高理论能量密度、低成本和环境友好等优点的锂硫（Li-S）电池被视为极具开发潜力的下一代二次电池系统。近年来，利用客体材料对硫进行负载以提正极的硫利用率和循环寿命推动了Li-S电池研究的迅速发展。目前所报道的Li-S电池的能量密度还远不能满足实际应用需求。研究者们致力于设计高硫负载正极以提升Li-S电池的能量密度。然而，高硫负载正极的开发面临着两大瓶颈问题：(1)倍率和循环稳定性差，(2)高面积容量和低体积容量难以兼顾。受老式相册的紧密堆积结构启发，该研究将石墨烯包裹于中空多孔碳纳米片的内部腔体中形成一种具有“蛋黄-壳”结构的新型二维碳纳米材料（G@HMCN）。该研究工作为高能量密度Li-S电池的发展提供了新机遇。所开发的新型二维多孔碳纳米材料还有望应用于其它研究领域，如超级电容器、异相催化和电催化、柔性储能器件。 该论文第一作者为萨本栋微米纳米科学技术研究院2014级硕士研究生裴非，方晓亮副教授与郑南峰教授为共同通讯作者，厦门大学萨本栋微米纳米科学技术研究院为第一通讯单位。【Abstract】How to exert the energy density advantage is a key link in the development of lithium–sulfur batteries. Therefore, the performance degradation of high-sulfur-loading cathodes becomes an urgent problem to be solved at present. In addition, the volumetric capacities of high-sulfur-loading cathodes are still at a low level compared with their areal capacities. Aiming at these issues, two-dimensional carbon yolk-shell nanosheet is developed herein to construct a novel self-supporting sulfur cathode. The cathode with high-sulfur loading of 5 mg cm−2 and sulfur content of 73 wt% not only delivers an excellent rate performance and cycling stability, but also provides a favorable balance between the areal (5.7 mAh cm–2) and volumetric (1330 mAh cm–3) capacities. Remarkably, an areal capacity of 11.4 mAh cm–2 can be further achieved by increasing the sulfur loading from 5 to 10 mg cm–2. This work provides a promising direction for high-energy-density lithium–sulfur batteries.We acknowledge the support from the MOST of China (2015CB932300, 2017YFA0207302), the NSFC (21301144, 21420102001, 21390390, 21333008, 21131005), and the fundamental research funds for the central universities (20720160080). 该研究工作得到了科技部、国家自然科学基金委和厦门大学校长基金的支持