Integrated system of marine environmental monitoring and assessment in estuary 1: A case study of water surveillance monitoring in Pearl River Estuary

本文以珠江口水环境监视性监测为研究对象,借鉴欧盟水框架协议监测分类方法,明确监测目的,根据河口生物地球化学的基本原理,在实践中采用逐步修正的方法(STEP-by-STEP APPrOACH)对水环境监视性监测方案进行重新设计和实施,并在此基础上构建珠江口水环境监视性监测体系。其中,监测站位的优化根据监测结果采用克里金法和专家评判法;监测方案其他内容的优化主要采用专家评判法。Estuary is the area with the strongest land-sea interaction,human activities and ecological vulnerability.Marine environmental monitoring is the foundation of marine environmental protection and management.As a case study area,water surveillance monitoring in Pearl River Estuary was conducted according to the monitoring classification of EU Water Framework Directive and estuarine biogeochemistry principle.Step-by-Step approach was used to reset up water surveillance monitoring scheme.The Kriging method and expert judgment method were used to optimize monitoring position and other contents in the scheme.国家海洋局环保司2011年度《珠江口海洋环境质量综合评价方法》(DOMEP(MEA)-03-01

The Research Regarding Stream Ecological Engineering Method Incorporated Into the Education of Environmental Issues in Junior High Schools - An Example of DaLi River

「生態工法」(Ecological engineering method)是期望能融合安全、生態、經濟、環境美質與永續概念於工程建設與自然環境中，並非捨「安全」而就「生態」，乃係兩者兼顧、平衡發展，使人類與自然能共生共存共榮。它雖然不是萬靈丹，卻是人類在過度使用土地資源及防治土石流災害，回復自然景觀之不二法門，它能建構自然環境，提供日常休閒遊憩空間、各類生物棲息環境之共存、治山防洪、國土保安、水土保持、生態保育、環境綠美化、景觀維護、共生共存共榮之自然教育、國民健康及森林遊憩等功能。 本研究之目的，主要在了解大里溪流域附近八所國民中學教師對於大里溪生態工法的瞭解、所認知程度與收取資料來源，並藉由教師教學之專業與經驗，分析大里溪流域附近八所國民中學推廣大里溪生態工法環境教育時，其教學目標、教學內容與共同參與者角色與功能、推行之教育管道及可用之教學資源、推行之適當時機與可行之教學方法等，以便作為今後台灣各地區國民中學推動河溪生態工法環境教育之參考。 生態工法自1998年從國外引進台灣後，正在台灣各地區逐步推廣中。針對大里溪生態工法融入國中環境教育議題，教師認同大里溪以生態工法整治的理念(平均數3.93)；也認同大里溪生態工法融入環境教育議題教學(平均數4.00)；且河溪生態工法與永續發展的概念關係密切(27.1%)且相關(70.5%)；未來，願意實施大里溪生態工法融入環境教育議題教學活動(平均數3.42)；代表生態工法適合融入環境教育議題教學。推動此環境教育，對教師幫助而言有：『可提供一個方便、安全、經濟的戶外教學環境』(ms=3.53，85.7%)、『可增加教師的教學資源』(ms=2.39，74.1%)；對國中學生幫助而言有：『可提供具體而實際的學習材料了解環境及相關議題』(ms=3.51，84.1%)、『可養成愛惜與尊重各種生命的態度』(ms=2.59，80.1%)；但教師憂心可能遭遇之困難的是『自然資源缺乏專業的維護』(ms=1.99，52.2%)、『缺乏行政支援』(ms=1.61，42.6%)、『缺乏科學教材資源』(ms=1.34，45.0%)、『本身相關經驗不足』(ms=1.29，44.2%)等，期待政府機關與民間社會團體及專業人士提供需要的協助。推動此環境教育的管道，學校教育與社會教育同等重要；教學方式偏向『融入各科領域』以議題中心模式較可行。 綜合上述，建議大里溪流域附近八所國民中學可以由學校之課程發展委員會，擬定各校推行大里溪生態工法環境教育之學校教育目標，建立大里溪生態工法環境教育教學、教育與人力資料庫，並廣為結合各級地方政府、鄉公所、學術機關、民間環保團體等資源，以規劃設計適合於各地區學生之大里溪生態工法環境教育，以保持大里溪生態環境之安全、潔淨、自然與永續發展，提供全台其他地區推行河溪生態工法環境教育參考。Ecological Engineering Method is a procedure by which we hope to merge safety, ecology, economy, environment beautification, and sustainable development within infrastructure engineering and the natural environment, maintaining the balance between safety and our ecology without forgetting either of them, also by which means our race shall be able to live in peace with Mother Earth. Although Ecological Engineering Method is no silver bullet, it is, because of the plight we have wrought to the environment in which we dwell, nevertheless our only hope for a restoration, as it can mimic the natural environment, provide everyday resting places, allow us to live with wild animals, beautify our environment, preserve our ecology, etc. The purpose of this research is to realize what the teachers of eight junior highs near Dali River recognize of the use of Ecological Engineering Method at Dali River, and by professional and teaching experience, analyze the teaching objectives, teaching content, co-participants' role, functions, also of the implementation of the educational channels and resources, the time of implementation, and pliable ways of the teaching of the eight junior highs promotion of Dali Rivers' Ecological Engineering Method, in order to use this as a basis for the later examples of river Ecological Engineering environmental education in Taichung. Ever since Ecological Engineering Method came to Taiwan from abroad in 1988, it has gradually been promoted in all places. On merging Ecological Engineering into the country's junior highs' environmental education issue the majority of the teachers have proven assent (avg. 3.93); they have also proven assent of the merging of Ecological Engineering Methods into environmental issues (avg. 4.00); also that river Ecological Engineering is closely related (70.5%) to the concept of sustainable development; and that, in the future, they are willing to implement the concept of Ecological Engineering into environmental educational issues (avg. 3.42); also to be willing to stand out on behalf of ecological engineering methods that are suitable for environmental educational topics. The benefits of this program for teachers are as listed: “ Provides a safe, convenient and economical outdoors learning environment” (ms=3.53,85.7%); “ Increases the rescources for teachers” (ms=2.39,74.1%); while the benefits as provided to junior high students are: “Can provide concrete and practical understanding of environmental and learning issues” (ms=3.51,84.1%); “Able to provide the attitude of caring and respect for all forms of life” (ms=2.59,80.1%); but what is worrying is “ the lack of professional maintenance of the natural environment” (ms=1.99,52.5%); “ the lack of administrative support” (ms=1.61,42.6%); “ the lack of teaching resources” (ms=1.34,45.0%); “ the lack of relevant experience” (ms=1.29,44.2%); etc, in which we look to the government agencies, civil society organizations and professionals to assist. The channels to promote the environmental education, school education and social education are equally important; teaching methods tend to "merge into all subjects" while the issue-centered model is more feasible. This study suggests that the eight junior high schools in Taichung, by school curriculum, draw up a development committee to implement the environmental engineering of Dali River as the goal of the schools' environmental education, and to establish a database of Dali Rivers' human and educational resources, and to combine local governments, academic institutions, private environmental groups and others' resources in order to plan and design for students the environmental engineering of Dali Rivers' Environmental Education, also in order to maintain the safety, cleanliness, natural habitat and sustainable development of Dali River, and to provide implementation of Ecological Engineering Method to other parts of rivers in Taiwan.摘要 I ABSTRACT III 目錄 V 表目錄 VII 圖目錄 X 第一章 前言 1 1-1 研究緣起 1 1-2 研究目的 3 第二章 文獻回顧 5 2-1歷史沿革與生態環境 5 2-2環境教育 13 2-2-1環境危機引發環境教育 13 2-2-2環境教育的定義 14 2-2-3環境教育的目標 15 2-2-4環境教育的內涵 16 2-3河川環境教育 16 2-4環境議題融入教學 18 2-5生態工法 27 2-6河溪生態工法 36 第三章 大里溪水質現況 41 3-1環境保護管理 41 3-2整治與展望 52 第四章 研究方法與步驟 57 4-1問卷調查法 57 4-2實地調查法 61 4-3 研究限制 62 第五章 結果與討論 63 5-1問卷基本資料 63 5-2推動大里溪生態工法環境教育基本課題分析 65 第六章 結論與建議 94 6-1結論 94 6-2建議 96 參考文獻 99 附錄 10

Determination of Siderophores in Seawater by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Coupled with Solid Phase Extraction

铁载体是一种由海洋菌类合成并分泌、能特异性络合海水中铁的有机配体。本研究建立了固相萃取预处理、高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定海水中铁载体化合物的分析方法。海水样品经0.22μM滤膜过滤,其中铁载体由EnVI-18萃取柱萃取、甲醇洗脱后得到富集净化后的试样;采用Sb-C18反向色谱柱以0.1%(V/V)甲酸溶液和甲醇溶液梯度洗脱分离,在质谱的多反应监测正离子模式下检测。3种铁载体化合物标准物质PyOVErdInES-fE,fErrICHrOME,fErrIOXAMInE E的检测线性范围分别为0.001~3.0μg/M l,0.005~15.0μg/M l,0.001~3.0μg/M l,相关系数r2>0.99;仪器检出限分别为0.08,1.76和1.36 ng/M l;定量限分别0.27,5.87和4.53 ng/M l。在海水样品中添加铁载体化合物混合标准溶液,3种目标物测定值的相对标准偏差 0.99) was obtained for Pyoverdines-Fe,Ferrichrome,Ferrioxamine E at the concentrations of 0.001- 3.00 μg / m L,0.005- 15.00 μg / m L,0.001-3.00 μg / m L,respectively.The instrumental detection limits and limits of quantification for the three analytes were 0.08,1.76 and 1.36 ng / m L; 0.27,5.87 and 4.53 ng / m L,respectively.The relative standard deviations were lower than 12%,while the recoveries were 12.1%- 18.6% for Pyoverdines-Fe,82.0%-97.7% for Ferrichrome,and 70.0%- 98.3% for Ferrioxamine E.国家自然科学基金(No.41176075)资助~

Magnetic Dispersive Solid Phase Microextraction Followed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography for Determination of Benzoylurea Pesticides in Water and Juice samples

以甲基丙烯酸为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂对fE3O4纳米粒子进行改性,利用红外光谱、元素分析和透射电镜对改性粒子(fE3O4@MAEd)进行表征。同时将fE3O4@MAEd用于萃取环境水样和果汁中苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂,详细考察了磁性粒子用量、解析溶剂、吸附和解析时间、P H值、离子强度等因素对萃取性能的影响。在此基础上,与高效液相色谱/二极管阵列检测器联用,建立了环境水样和果汁中苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂的快速、简便、灵敏的测定方法。在最佳实验条件下,本方法具有较宽的线性范围、良好的线性相关系数(r2>0.99)和理想的灵敏度。对于水样和果汁样品,该杀虫剂的检测限分别在0.10~0.19μg/l和0.12~0.30μg/l之间,日内相对标准偏差小于7%,日间相对标准偏差小于11%。在实际环境水和果汁样品中,不同加标浓度苯甲酰脲的回收率在69.4%~118%之间。研究表明,所制备的fE3O4@MAEd可通过疏水、氢键、离子交换等多重作用力实现对目标物的有效萃取。A magnetic extraction sorbent based on Fe3O4@ poly( methacrylic acid-co-ethylene dimethacrylate)( Fe3O4@ MAED) was synthesized using methacrylic acid and ethylene dimethacrylate as monomer and cross-linker,respectively.The magnetic sorbent was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy,elemental analysis and transmission electron microscopy.At the same time,the Fe3O4@ MAED was used to extract four benzoylurea pesticides in water and juice samples under magnetic dispersive solid phase microextraction( MDSPME) format.To obtain the optimal extraction conditions, several parameters,including the amount of sorbent,desorption solvent,extraction and desorption time,p H value,and ionic strength in sample matrix were investigated.Based on this,a fast,simple and sensitive method for the determination of benzoylurea pesticides in water and juice samples was developed by the combination of MDSPME with HPLC equipped with diode array detector.Under the optimized experimental conditions,the developed method possessed expected linear dynamic ranges,coefficients of correlation( R2> 0.99) and sensitivity.The limits of detection( S / N = 3) for target analytes were 0.10- 0.19 μg / L in water and 0.12-0.30 μg / L in juice,respectively.The RSDs for intra-day were less than 7% and inter-day RSDs were less than 11%.The developed method was successfully applied to the determination of benzoylurea pesticides residues in water and juice samples and the recoveries of spiked target compounds were in the range of69.4%- 118.0%.The results demonstrated that the Fe3O4@ MAED could extract benzoylurea pesticides effectively through multi-interactions including hydrophobic,hydrogen-bond and ion-exchange interactions between sorbent and analytes.国家自然科学基金(No.21377105); 福建省新世纪优秀人才项目资助~

Macrobenthos feeding functional groups in the intertidal flats of the Liaohe Estuary

In the spring and autumn of 2020, we collected macrobenthos from 46 sampling sites in the intertidal flats of the Liaohe Estuary to analyze the characteristics and distribution of macrobenthic functional feeding groups. We identified 46 species which were classified mainly as mollusks, polychaetes, and crustaceans. The carnivorous group contained the largest number of species and mainly included polychaetes, while the planktophagous group was dominant in terms of abundance and biomass and mainly included mollusks. In spring, abundance and biomass levels of all macrobenthic functional feeding groups (except the carnivorous group) were higher when compared with the autumn period. We also observed no significant differences in abundance and biomass levels between sections for all macrobenthic functional feeding groups. However, the planktophagous group abundance and biomass levels were dominant in sections B and C. Two-factor analysis of variance indicated insignificant differences in species number, abundance, and biomass levels in different functional feeding groups between spring and autumn periods. These results help us better understand macrobenthic functional feeding group characteristics in intertidal flats in estuarine areas and may facilitate improved biodiversity management programs with a view to restoring marine fishery resources

Arsenic distribution and correlation with environmental factors in sediments of Jiulongjiang Estuary

采集九龙江河口表层和柱状沉积物样品,对表层沉积物中总砷、不同形态砷和其他重金属元素、有机质含量以及粒径等参数进行测定.分析了柱状沉积物中总砷和各形态砷的含量,结合沉积速率和响应因子,探讨总砷的污染累计特征.结果表明:(1)沉积物中检出的形态砷是AS3+和AS5+,未检出有机砷.(2)表层沉积物中总砷含量范围为10.03~11.29μg/g,河端总砷含量为11.28μg/g,高于海端总砷含量10.42μg/g.AS3+的含量范围为0.84~1.08μg/g,AS5+的含量范围为6.87~8.99μg/g;AS5+含量表现为河端(8.63μg/g)高于海端(7.31μg/g),AS3+则不明显.(3)有机质含量是影响本区域表层沉积物中砷及其他重金属含量分布的重要因素,粒径与砷及其他重金属显著相关性不强,影响较小.(4)柱状沉积物中总砷含量范围为9.15~13.61μg/g,随深度的变化不明显,人为污染程度较轻.(5)柱状沉积物中AS3+含量介于2.45~5.35μg/g之间,AS5+含量范围为5.58~11.77μg/g,二者含量随深度的增加而降低.A study was carried out to investigate the levels and distributions of total arsenic and arsenic species in surface sediments and core sediments collected from 6 sampling stations located in Jiulongjiang Estuary.Heavy metals,organic matter,particle size and other parameters were determined.Combining the deposition rate with the response factor,the cumulative characteristics of total arsenic were studied.Results show that(1)the detected arsenic species of sediment were As3 +and As5 +.And organic arsenic were not detected.(2)Concentration of total arsenic were in range of 10.03 ~11.29 μg / g,As3 + concentration 0.84 ~1.08 μg / g and As5 +concentration 6.87 ~8.99 μg / g.Total arsenic and As5 +concentration in river side(11.28,8.63 μg/g) was higher than that of seaward(10.42,7.31 μg/g).(3)Correlation analysis found that organic matter content was the main impact factor on arsenic and other heavy metal concentrations in this area,and particle size had little effect.(4)Total arsenic concentrations were in range of 9.15 ~13.61 μg / g in the core sediment suggested slight anthropogenic pollution.The trend between total arsenic concentration and increasing depth were not obvious.(5)Concentrations range 2.45 ~5.35 μg / g for As3 +and 5.58 ~11.77 μg / g for As5 +.As3 +and As5 +concentration decreased with depth.国家海洋局海洋公益性行业科研专项资助项目(201105015-10

猪粪中铜对东北黑土的污染风险评价

集约化养殖使用大量铜(Cu)作为饲料添加剂,养殖废物的排放和利用可导致一定的环境问题.本文以东北黑土为供试材料,通过在盆栽试验中添加不同Cu浓度的猪粪来模拟不同施肥年限的菜园土,研究土壤中Cu累积对小白菜地上部分Cu浓度、地上部分生物量、土壤微生物生物量碳和土壤酶(脱氢酶、脲酶、酸性磷酸酶)活性的影响.结果表明:单独施用猪粪显著增加了小白菜地上部分生物量,对其Cu浓度则没有显著影响.猪粪的施用在一定时期内显著促进了脱氢酶和脲酶的活性,但随土壤Cu浓度的增加,脱氢酶、脲酶、酸性磷酸酶活性逐渐受到抑制.当土壤全Cu浓度达到301.3mg.kg-1后,小白菜地上部分生物量、土壤微生物生物量碳及脱氢酶..

昆嵛山国家级自然保护区环境解说系统满意度评价

环境解说是自然保护区开展生态旅游和环境教育活动的重要基础。本文根据环境解说系统的构成要素，基于重要性-表现性分析（importance performance analysis，IPA）方法，分析游客对昆嵛山国家级自然保护区环境解说系统的满意度、各解说要素的重要性和表现性差异。结果表明：游客对昆嵛山保护区环境解说系统的满意度均值为（389±022），其主要影响因素有受教育程度（F4，272=5183，P<001）、职业（F7，272=3575，P<005）、到访频次（F3，272=8372，P<0001）和出游目的（F6，272=6759，P<001）。解说系统所有要素的表现性均低于重要性，游客期望值和满意度差异较大。需要重点改善的要素主要有：解说牌的维护和修复、解说牌数量充足和内容丰富性、解说词对保护区保护主题的侧重、解说员的专业性、游客中心内部设施。针对昆嵛山保护区环境解说系统存在的问题，本文提出了相应的优化措施