A Study on Parallel Importation of Trademark Products in the Context of Cross-border E-commerce

我国从20世纪90年代起开始出现商标产品平行进口，并随着加入WTO后改革开放的深入而增多。在传统国际贸易领域中，商标产品平行进口是否合法已被提出讨论，而近年来随着跨境电子商务在我国快速发展，这一问题在跨境电子商务领域再次成为讨论的焦点。 笔者认为国际贸易自由化是经济全球化发展的结果，特别是在互联网缩短世界距离的背景下，跨境电子商务推进了商品在不同国家之间的自由流通，也引发更多的商标产品平行进口问题。因此应当从立法上正面规制商标产品平行进口，对有关问题进行明确，在保护消费者利益的同时给消费者更多的选择。但允许商标产品平行进口并不意味着放任其肆意进口。由于通过互联网平台购买进口产品具有信息了解的...Parallel import of trademark products appeared since the nineties of the 20th century in China, and increased rapidly as China jointed WTO. In the circumstance of traditional international trade, the legality of the parallel import of trademark products has been put forward and discussed, and now is back in the spotlight as cross-border e-commerce develops rapidly in recent years. In my view, int...学位：法学硕士院系专业：法学院_民商法学学号：K130800

NMR Studies on Interactions between Oxalate-oxodiperoxovanadate and Arginine

【中文文摘】应用多核 (1H ,13 C ,15N和51V)NMR、二维扩散排序谱 (2DDOSY)、变温NMR以及电喷雾质谱 (ESI MS)等谱学方法研究草酸双过氧钒配合物与精氨酸 (Arg)的相互作用 ,发现该相互作用体系可生成以氨基配位的新过氧钒物种[OV(O2 ) 2 Arg] -,研究结果表明综合利用上述谱学方法有助于揭示此类相互作用体系的反应过程和配位机制 【英文文摘】Coordination interactions between oxalate-oxodiperoxovanadate {K 3[VO(O 2) 2(C 2O 4)]·H 2O, abbr. bpV~(oxa)} and arginine (abbr. Arg) in solution were studied by 1D multinuclear ( 1H, 13C, 15N, and 51V) NMR, 2D diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY), variable temperature NMR, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Spectroscopic results indicated that a new peroxovanadate species [OV(O 2) 2Arg] - was formed in which Arg coordinates to vanadium through amino group. It is proved that these methods are useful for analyzing and characterizing the reaction processes and coordination modes in this kind of the interaction systems.国家自然科学基金 (Nos.1 0 2 340 70,1 0 0 0 50 0 6 ,1 0 1 0 4 0 1 1 );固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室资助项

Interactions between Diperoxovanadate and 2-Methyl-imidazole Studied by NMR Spectroscopy

为探讨过氧钒配合物上有机配体对反应平衡的影响,在模拟生理条件下(0.15MOl/lnACl溶液)应用多核(1H,13C,和51V)多维(COSy和dOSy)nMr以及变温技术等谱学方法研究双过氧钒配合物[OV(O2)2l]n-{n=1~3,l=OXAlATE(缩写为OXA),PICOlInATE(缩写为PIC),bIPyrIdInE(缩写为bIPy),和1,10-PHEnAnTHrOlInE(缩写为PHEn),与它们配位的含钒物种分别缩写为bPV(OXA),bPV(PIC),bPV(bIPy)和bPV(PHEn)}与2-甲基咪唑(缩写为2-ME-IMI)的相互作用,实验结果表明2-ME-IMI与4种双过氧钒配合物的反应性从强到弱的顺序为:bPV(OXA)>bPV(PIC)>bPV(bIPy)>bPV(PHEn).研究表明金属中心上配体的配位能力和空间位阻都对反应平衡产生较大的影响关,键同词时:竞争配位的结果导致新的六配位的过氧物种[OV(O2)2(2-ME-IMI)]-的生成.To understand the effects of organic ligands on reaction equilibrium,the interactions between diperoxovanadate complexes [OV(O2)2LL']n-(n=1--3; LL'=oxalate,picolinate,2,2'-bipyridine,and 1,10-phenanthroline) and 2-methyl-imidazole in 0.15 mol/L NaCl ionic medium,which was used to mimick physiological conditions,were explored using multinuclear (1H,13C,and 51V) NMR spectroscopy and variable temperature experiments.The experimental results indicated the reactivities of the four diperoxovanadate complexes with 2-methyl-imidazole were as follows:bpV(oxalate)>bpV(picolinate)>bpV(2,2'-bipyridine)>bpV(1,10-phenanthroline).Both the coordination capability and the steric effects of the organic ligands affected reaction equilibrium.New six-coordinated peroxovanadate species [OV(O2)2(2-methyl-imidazole)]-were formed due to competitive coordination.supportedbyKeyProjectofHealthandScienceandTechnologyofXiamen(3502Z20051027);ScienceResearchFoundationofMinistryofHealth&UnitedFujianProvincialHealthandEducationProjectforTackilingtheKeyResearch(WKJ2008-2-36);NationalNatu-ralScienceFoundationofChina(20803

纵向抽运准三能级连续激光器的抽运吸收饱和效应

基于速率方程和腔内光传输方程,推导了纵向抽运准三能级连续激光器的抽运吸收效率、斜率效率、腔内基波几何平均光强、激光阈值、激光输出光强和功率的显式解析表达式。讨论了抽运吸收饱和效应对抽运吸收效率、激光阈值、激光转换效率和腔内基波几何平均光强的影响。理论分析和数值模拟表明,抽运饱和效应对激光性能的影响与抽运吸收截面和激光发射截面的比值、平均单程损耗因子、抽运能级与激光上下能级的粒子数布居因子及晶体长度等因素有关。当晶体越短、抽运吸收截面和激光发射截面的比值越大、腔损耗越大时,抽运吸收饱和效应越明显。抽运吸收效率的下降会导致激光阈值升高、腔内基波几何平均光强以及激光转换效率的下降

光环境生物效应及其模拟实验装备研究进展

光是人、动物和植物赖以生存的基本条件。光环境作为一种物理环境因素,其生物效应具有十分重要的理论和应用价值。光环境对人的生理、心理及行为产生重要影响,对动物昼夜节律、定位系统和生长繁育的影响也已受到诸多关注;同时,光是植物赖以生存的基础,是植物一切生化反应的能量来源。综述了光环境生物效应的研究进展,指出已有的文献仅限于以复色光为研究对象,对特定波长的光效应、光暴露时间及光质效应的研究甚少。进一步阐明目前光环境模拟实验装备的研制所遇到的关键\"瓶颈\"是缺乏能够在一定波长范围内输出较高功率的单色光光源,且无配备生物学培养装置,不可能在实验室实现对单色光环境的模拟。因此,其发展当务之急是先构建光环境暴露的科学实验平台。同时对光环境生物效应的研究方向及光模拟实验装备的应用前景进行了展望。中国科学院科研装备研制项目(YZ201104,YZ201303);中国科学院STS计划(Y6I0921A20)资

Topography characteristics and profile type of China offshore submarine

基于国家海洋局“908“专项的最新海底地形资料,分析中国近海海底地形特征及其影响因素。中国近岸海底地形继承了陆地地形西北向东南倾斜的趋势,海底地形坡降为0.2‰~1.6‰,平均坡降约0.8‰,等深线基本平行于海岸展布,河口区呈舌状向海展布。海底地形受构造控制作用明显,呈两窿两坳的南、北分带特征,并在不同沉积环境和复杂水动力条件下塑造出沉降盆地型、挤压隆起型、沉积改造型和过渡型等4种类型。沉降盆地型和挤压隆起型地形起伏小,沉积物以细粒为主,水流方向单一,易发育海湾堆积平原和水下堆积岸坡等堆积型地貌,同属构造成因的地形;沉积改造型地形起伏较大,沉积物以粗粒为主,多在陆源补给丰富的河口和潮流辐聚区发育大型潮流沙脊,全新统沉积层巨厚,受潮流、径流、海流的后期改造作用明显;过渡型地形陡缓不均,沉积物颗粒不均匀混合,近岸发育阶地状陡坎,远岸发育陆架平原等侵蚀—堆积型地貌,为断陷地块不完全发育和多期次海侵共同作用的结果。Based on the latest submarine topography data of "908" special project of the State Oceanic Administration, topographical characteristics and its influencing factors of China offshore submarine were analyzed.China offshore submarine topography inherits land topographical trend from northwest to southeast.The submarine topographical gradient is from 0.2‰ to 1.6‰ and the average gradient was about 0.8‰.The depth contour is substantially parallel to the coast spreading and is tongue to sea spreading at estuary area.The submarine topography is dominated by the geological structure, which shows the typical characteristics about two uplifts and two subsides form north to south.Four types have been with the influence of different sedimentary environments and complex hydrodynamic shape: sedimentary basin, squeeze uplift, deposit reformation and transition types.On the sedimentary basin and squeeze uplift area, topographical undulate is small, sediments is fine, flowing current is single direction and easily develops the gulf accumulation plains and underwater accumulation slope.They belong to the same tectonic origin topography.On the deposit reformation area, topographical undulate is large, sediments are coarse, develop tidal sand ridges at terrigenous supply estuary and convergence trend zone, Holocene sediments are thick, and obviously transformed by tidal, runoff and currents.On the transition area, change of topographical undulate and sediment particles mixed are uneven and develop terraces like scarp inshore and shelf plains erosion-accumulation landforms offshore.That is the common result of incompletely developed plots rift and transgression of many times.国家自然科学基金资助项目(41276058); 国家海洋局“908”专项(908-ZC-I-07); 国家海洋局公益性科研项目(201105001;2012418004

NMR and ESI-MS Studies on the Interactions between Oxodiperoxooxalatovanadate and Organic Ligands

应用~1H,~(13)C和~(51)V多核NMR技术和电喷雾质谱等谱学手段研究草酸双过氧钒配合物与吡啶、4-甲基咪唑、咪唑等有机配体的相互作用.研究发现:这些相互作用都生成过氧钒物种[OV(O_2)_2L]-(L为有机配体),其从易到难的顺序为咪唑>4-甲基咪唑>吡啶.当配体为4-甲基咪唑时,产物是一对未见报道的异构体.研究结果表明:将NMR技术和电喷雾质谱有机结合是研究此类体系切实可行的方法,有助于揭示钒化合物与有机配体相互作用的规律和机制.国家自然科学基金(Nos.29832020,10234070,20172042,10104011);福建省自然科学基金(No.E0110003

NMR and ESI-MS Studies on the Interactions between Oxodiperoxooxalatovanadate and Organic Ligands

【中文文摘】应用~1H,~(13)C和~(51)V多核NMR技术和电喷雾质谱等谱学手段研究草酸双过氧钒配合物与吡啶、4-甲基咪唑、咪唑等有机配体的相互作用.研究发现:这些相互作用都生成过氧钒物种[OV(O_2)_2L]-(L为有机配体),其从易到难的顺序为咪唑>4-甲基咪唑>吡啶.当配体为4-甲基咪唑时,产物是一对未见报道的异构体.研究结果表明:将NMR技术和电喷雾质谱有机结合是研究此类体系切实可行的方法,有助于揭示钒化合物与有机配体相互作用的规律和机制. 【英文文摘】Coordination interactions between oxodiperoxooxalatovanadate (K3[VO(O2)2(C2O4)]·H2O, abbr. dpV(Ox)) and several organic ligands in solutions were studied by 1H, 13C, and 51 V NMR spectroscopies and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry under the condition of nearly physiological pH value. It shows that these spectroscopic methods are powerful for analyzing and characterizing the structure and the chemistry of peroxovanadate species in the interaction systems. The order of strength of the interactions is...国家自然科学基金(Nos.29832020,10234070,20172042,10104011);;福建省自然科学基金(No.E0110003

Progress of Ultrafast Spatially Encoded High-Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Inhomogeneous Fields

二维核磁共振(2dnMr)的提出和发展,为nMr技术的研究和应用提供了广阔的空间.然而当样品或磁场本身不均匀时,高分辨的2dnMr谱难以获得.此外,常规2dnMr实验通常需要长的采样时间.空间编码超快速采样方法利用空间编码技术,只需单次扫描即可获得2d甚至多维nMr谱,极大地缩短了采样时间.目前相位补偿、相干转移和分子间多量子相干等技术与空间编码技术相结合,已成功实现不均匀场下超快速获得高分辨nMr谱.该文对不均匀场下空间编码超快速nMr方法进行了介绍,对其未来发展进行了展望.The proposal and development of two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance(2DNMR)provide a broad space for the research and application of NMR.In many cases,however,high-resolution 2Dspectra are virtually impossible to obtain because of the inherent heterogeneity of the samples under investigation,as well as the poor homogeneity of the magnetic fields.It is also time-consuming to obtain a conventional 2D NMR spectrum.The ultrafast spatial encoding technique enables acquisition of a 2Dor multi-dimensional NMR spectrum within a single-scan,with greatly shortened acquisition time.Schemes based on phase compensation,coherence transfer and intermolecular multiple-quantum coherence in combination with spatial encoding technique have been proposed to ultrafast obtain high-resolution NMR spectra in inhomogeneous fields.In this review,ultrafast high-resolution NMR techniques were introduced and the perspective of these techniques was discussed.国家自然科学基金资助项目(11275161;11074209