智障者家長之自我概念及其自我成長歷程與自我效能之研究

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双动力驱动齿轮箱齿轮修形优化设计研究

以某型双动力驱动齿轮箱为研究对象，通过静力学仿真，分析了动力源A输入端齿轮副的传动误差及齿面载荷；根据齿轮副修形方法，利用Romax软件，开展了修形参数对传动误差、齿面载荷的影响规律研究；以此为基础，通过遗传算法，开展了齿廓修形与螺旋线修形相结合的齿轮综合修形优化设计，并对修形前后的齿轮副进行了对比分析。结果表明，修形后齿轮传动误差明显减小，且齿面载荷分布更加均匀

Spatial and grain size distribution of carbonates contentδ~(18)O and δ~(13)C in surface sediments from the northern South China Sea and their controlling factors

为深入研究南海北部表层沉积物中碳酸盐的来源及其控制因素,采用湿筛法,对南海北部珠江口、陆架、陆坡及海盆表层沉积物中碳酸盐的含量、δ18 O和δ13C及其粒度分布特征进行了研究。结果表明,南海北部表层沉积物中的碳酸盐可能主要以海洋自生碳酸盐为主,其含量在空间上以陆坡显著高于海盆、陆架及珠江口为特征。粒度上,陆架(水深80M)和浅陆坡(水深550M)处碳酸盐的粒度分布相对平均,但在珠江口及730M以深,76.9%~84.5%的碳酸盐分布于小于32μM的粒级中。另外,珠江口和陆架与陆坡和海盆碳酸盐δ18 O和δ13 C的空间及粒度分布特征显著不同。珠江口陆架区,在空间上从珠江口向陆架,全样碳酸盐的δ18 O和δ13 C由轻变重。粒度上,碳酸盐的δ18 O和δ13 C随着粒径的增大而变重,并且δ18 O和δ13C之间正相关,主要受珠江淡水的δ18 O及其δ13CdIC控制。陆坡海盆区,空间上,从陆坡向海盆,δ18 O略有变轻,δ13C基本不变。粒度上,碳酸盐的δ18 O和δ13C随着粒度的增大没有明显的变化趋势,并且δ18 O与δ13 C之间不相关或负相关。其δ18 O可能主要受表层海水的温度控制,其δ13C可能主要受海水δ13CdIC控制。Bulk and grain size content,δ18 O andδ13 C values of carbonates in the surface sediments collected from the Zhujiang Estuary,shelf,slope and basin of the northern South China Sea were analyzed in order to determine the source of carbonates and the controlling factors ofδ18 O andδ13C of carbonates.The results show that the carbonates in the surface sediments of the northern South China Sea are mainly authigenic.The carbonate contents of the slope are obviously larger than those of the Zhujiang Estuary,shelf and basin.In the Zhujiang Estuary with water depth of 34mand the basin with water depth of more than 730m,76.9%～84.5%of carbonates are distributed in the particles which grain diameter is less than 32μm.Correspondingly,in the shelf with water depth of 80mand the slope with water depth of 550m,the carbonates are evenly distributed amongall grain sizes.In addition,the spatial and grain size distribution ofδ18 O andδ13C of the carbonates in the Zhujiang Estuary and the shelf are obviously different from those in the slope and the basin.In the Zhujiang Estuary and the shelf,the bulkδ18 O andδ13C values of carbonates become heavy from the Zhujiang Estuary to the shelf;the grain size distribution of δ18 O andδ13C values of carbonates are that theδ18 O andδ13C values of carbonates become heavy with the increasing of grain size and theδ18 O values are positively related toδ13C values;indicating that theδ18 O andδ13C of carbonates in the Zhujiang Estuary and the shelf are mainly controlled byδ18 O andδ13CDICof the water from the Zhujiang River.In the slope and the basin,the bulkδ18 O values of carbonates become light from the slope to the basin and the bulkδ13C values of carbonates do not have an obviously variation from the slope to the basin;the grain size distribution ofδ18 O andδ13C values of carbonates are that theδ18 O andδ13C values of carbonates do not have a clear trend with the increasing of grain size and theδ18 O values are not or negatively related toδ13 C values;indicating that theδ18 O of carbonates are mainly controlled by surface seawater temperature and theδ13 C of carbonates are mainly controlled by theδ13CDICof surrounding seawater in the slope and the basin.国家自然科学基金项目(40676065

顶张力作用下东海高压立管稳定性分析

东海地质条件复杂，采用常规导管架模式进行油气资源开发经济风险较大。针对浅水区水下生产系统的部署，使用高压立管将会大大降低油气开发成本。本文采用有限元计算方法，对东海海域高压立管及水下井口系统的响应情况进行分析。研究主要关注系统在不同顶张力、高压立管壁厚、内压条件下的响应变化，判断结构能否满足安全要求。结果表明，增大顶张力有助于提高结构稳定性，但在生存工况下，提高顶张力的作用有限；顶张力增大后壁厚对响应的影响逐渐减弱，表明顶张力对高压立管整体刚度的贡献高于高压立管自身弯曲刚度的贡献；正常作业的内压工况下，能够通过提高顶张力的方式提供结构安全性，但在井喷的极高内压工况下，提高顶张力产生的作用有限，增大高压立管壁厚更为有效

Study on the relationship of working memory, central executive function and general fluid intelligence(工作记忆、中央执行功能与流体智力的关系分析)

探讨工作记忆、中央执行功能子成分与流体智力的关系.以秦巴山区18~40岁健康成人为研究对象，通过对中央执行功能子成分、工作记忆广度以及流体智力的测量，分析了各变量之间的关系，并进一步探讨了中央执行功能各子成分的可分离性.得到(1)工作记忆中的中央执行功能具有可分离性；(2)工作记忆广度与瑞文测验成绩之间的显著相关是刷新功能的作用；(3)相对于抑制功能和转换功能，刷新功能对流体智力具有更强的预测效应和解释力

济南市城区大气挥发性有机物污染特征及来源

为研究济南市城区环境空气挥发性有机物(VOCs)污染特征及来源,2020-2021年于济南市城区开展了逐月离线观测,并于2020年6月开展加密观测,分析了VOCs年度、季节、日体积分数变化特征、化学组成及臭氧生成潜势,并利用特征比值法和正定矩阵因子分解模型解析了VOCs来源.结果表明,2021年济南市VOCs年均体积分数为(35.70±16.58)×10-9,较2020年改善14.48%,烷烃和OVOCs为VOCs中占比最高的两类组分.2020年VOCs体积分数均值呈冬高夏低季节特征,而2021年呈夏高春低季节特征,受济南市VOCs专项整治行动及北京冬奥会空气质量保障措施影响,2021年冬季VOCs体积分数均值较2020年改善最为明显,改善幅度为31.08%,2020年春季芳香烃贡献显著,可能与疫情管控后企业陆续复工复产有关.2020、2021年排名前十的组分主要为烷烃类与OVOCs,如丙烷、乙烷、正丁烷、甲醛、丙酮、乙醛等物种.2021年济南市城区OFP年均值为239.39μg/m3,较2020年下降22.46%,烷烃、炔烃、芳香烃、卤代烃OFP改善幅度分别为29.28%、3.09%、67.93%、83.49%,烯烃OFP明显上升,上升幅度为37.49%,OVOCs维持在较高水平.2020、2021年OFP排名前十的物种主要包括甲醛、乙醛、乙烯、1-丁烯、丙烯、对/间二甲苯等.臭氧重污染期间TVOCs体积分数日变化特征呈现明显的早晚高峰特征,中午时段为一天中的低值,夜间维持在较高水平.PMF解析结果表明:VOCs主要来源于工业源、燃烧源、油气挥发源、机动车尾气排放源、溶剂使用源、植物源及二次生成源,机动车尾气排放源、燃烧源及工业源为济南市VOCs的重点管控源. To study the characteristics and sources of ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in urban Jinan, monthly offline observations from 2020 to 2021 and intensive observations in June 2020 were conducted. The inter-annual, seasonal, and daily concentration changes, chemical composition, and ozone formation potential (OFP) of VOCs were analyzed. Sources of VOCs were analyzed using the tracer ratio method and positive matrix factorization (PMF) model. The results indicated that the annual average mixing ratio of VOCs in urban Jinan in 2021 was (35.70 ± 16.58) ×10-9, an improvement of 14.48% compared to 2020, with alkanes and oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) were the two major components of VOCs. The seasonal characteristics of the average mixing ratio of VOCs in 2020 showed a high in winter and a low in summer, while in 2021, it showed an increase in summer and a low in spring. Influenced by the special rectification action of VOCs in Jinan and the air quality assurance measures for the Beijing Winter Olympics, the average mixing ratio of VOCs in winter 2021 improved significantly compared to 2020, with an improvement rate of 31.08%. Aromatic hydrocarbons contributed significantly in the spring of 2020, which might be related to enterprises' gradual resumption of work under epidemic control. The top ten components in 2020 and 2021 are mainly alkanes and OVOCs, such as propane, ethane, n-butane, formaldehyde, acetone, and acetaldehyde. The annual value of OFP was 239.39µg/m3 in 2021, a decrease of 22.46% compared to 2020. The improvement rates of OFP for alkanes, alkynes, aromatics, and halogenated hydrocarbons were 29.28%, 3.09%, 67.93%, and 83.49%, respectively. The OFP for olefins increased significantly, with an increase rate of 37.49%. OVOCs remained at a relatively high level. The top ten species in OFP rankings in 2020 and 2021 mainly include formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, ethylene, 1-butene, propylene, and para/meta xylene. During heavy ozone pollution episodes, the daily variation characteristics of TVOCs volume fraction showed obvious morning and evening peak characteristics, with the noon period being the low value of the day and maintaining a high level at night. The PMF analysis showed that VOCs mainly came from industrial sources, combustion sources, oil and gas volatilization, motor vehicle exhaust emissions, solvent use sources, plant emissions, and secondary generation sources. Motor vehicle exhaust emissions, combustion sources, and industrial sources were critical sources of VOCs for O3 pollution control in Jinan. © 2024 Chinese Society for Environmental Sciences. All rights reserved