Analysis of the relation between a Letter of Credit and it’s underlying contract

内容摘要信用证产生于国际贸易的实际需要,它以银行信用代替商业信用,以方便高效的方式保障了买卖双方的权益,促进了国际贸易的顺利进行。信用证独立于基础合同是保证信用证正常运行的基本原则之一。然而，对信用证独立性以及信用证与基础合同具体关系的理解，尚未形成世界性的统一，这对于以信用证为支付方式的国际贸易的确定性和安全性产生了一定的不利影响。本文尝试对信用证独立性以及信用证与基础合同的具体关系做一分析。本文共分六个部分，除前言和结语外，共有四章。第一章从信用证作为一种纯粹的结算方式的角度出发，分析了它与基础合同的关系，其中信用证与基础合同相互独立是其关系的核心。第二章从信用证本身是一份独立的合同角度出...Abstract Letter of Credit came into being owing to the practical need in the international trade. An L/C substitutes commercial credit with banker’s credit, and protects the rights and interests of both the seller and the buyer in a convenient and effective way, and thus to promote the development of international trade. It is one of the basic principals to ensure the normal function of an L/C tha...学位：法律硕士院系专业：法学院法律系_法律硕士(JM)学号：20020816

Development tactics of apparel CAD/CAM in China

介绍了服装CAD／CAM在中国的发展现状,分析了存在的主要问题,提出了软硬件开发企业合并重组、国家有关部门及行业协会加强管理、加强与国外企业的合作等发展策略,供有关生产企业参考．The current situation of apparel CAD/CAM development in China is introduced, and the main problems therein are analyzed. The development tactics, which include the consolidation and regroupment of corporations developing software and hardware, the national departments and guilds strengthening management, and reinforcing the cooperation with the overseas corporations, are advanced for the references of manufacturing enterprises in this line