欧洲高等教育一体化进程中的阻力因素

1999年欧洲高等教育一体化进程正式启动。10年间,该进程始终是在动力与阻力相互制衡的张力作用下缓慢推进。阻力对于一体化进程不仅具有破坏性,同时发挥着建设性的双重作用。高等教育一体化作为一项人为的设计,不可能没有缺陷,阻力因素的出现往往会暴露出这些缺陷,使决策者的行为更加理性,从而推动一体化健康、稳定地向前发展。欧洲高等教育一体化进程尽管阻力重重,但应该看到相对于推进一体化进程的动力因素,这些阻力还不足以使欧洲高等教育转向

嵌入式数据库中的备份技术

移动计算是一个革命性的技术,它使得我们能随时随地获取信息,哪怕是在离线的情况下。本文讨论了移动环境下的数据管理,集中精力在数据有效性并且提供了移动数据库复制方面的详细讨论

Monel合金高速塑性剪切变形与动态再结晶

采用Hopkinson杆加载技术和帽状试样，研究Monel合金在ε↑._s≈4.3×10~5s~(-1)的高应变速率条件下的应力－应变关系及塑性变形行为。实验及计算结果表明，塑性区（简称剪切带）内温度随剪切应变增加呈线性升高。透射电镜证实剪切带组织发生了动态再结晶，再结晶晶粒约为170nm。分析了剪切带中组织结构的演变过程，讨论了动态再结晶的机制

Shear localization and recrystallization in dynamic deformation of 8090 Al-Li alloy

The microstructural evolution in localized shear deformation was investigated in an 8090 Al-Li alloy by split Hopkinson pressure bar (strain rate of approximately 10(3) s(-1)) at ambient temperature and 77 K. The alloy was tested in the peak-, over-, under-, and natural-aged conditions, that provide a wide range of microstructural parameters and mechanical properties. Two types of localized shear bands were distinguished by optical microscopy: the deformed shear band and the white-etching shear band. They form at different stages of deformation during localization. There are critical strains for the occurrence of deformed and white-etching localized shear deformation, at the imposed strain rate. Observations by transmission electron microscopy reveal that the white-etching bands contain fine equiaxed grains; it is proposed that they are the result of recrystallization occurring during localization. The deformed-type bands are observed after testing at 77 K in all heat treatment conditions, but they are not as well defined as those developed at ambient temperature. Cracking often occurs along the localized shear at ambient temperature. The decrement in temperature is favorable for the nucleation, growth and coalescence of the microcracks along the shear bands, inducing fracture

Electric-field-induced selective catalysis of single-molecule reaction

随着单分子电学检测技术的迅速发展，分子电子学的研究不再局限于分子电子学器件的构筑及其电学性质的测量，而且扩展到单分子尺度化学反应过程的探索。然而目前相关的研究仍然局限于理论计算方面，在单分子尺度上实时监测和调控化学反应的活性和选择性是化学领域的长期目标和挑战。针对这一挑战，洪文晶教授课题组与程俊教授课题组合作，自主研发了精密科学仪器，将单个有机分子定向连接在两个末端尺寸为原子级的电极之间，解决了化学反应中分子取向控制的问题.理论计算结果证实了定向电场可以有效地稳定化学反应的过渡态，从而降低反应能垒。该研究工作在化学化工学院洪文晶教授、程俊教授、能源材料化学协同创新中心（iChEM）刘俊扬副研究员的共同指导下完成，由硕士研究生黄晓艳、iChEM博士研究生唐淳、博士研究生李洁琼以及兰州大学的陈力川博士作为共同第一作者，化学化工学院师佳副教授、陈招斌高级工程师、夏海平教授和田中群教授，萨本栋微纳研究院杨扬副教授、环境与生态学院白敏冬教授以及兰州大学张浩力教授参与了研究工作的讨论并给予指导，博士后乐家波、博士研究生郑珏婷、张佩（已毕业）、李瑞豪、李晓慧也参与了研究工作。Oriented external electric fields (OEEFs) offer a unique chance to tune catalytic selectivity by orienting the alignment of the electric field along the axis of the activated bond for a specific chemical reaction; however, they remain a key experimental challenge. Here, we experimentally and theoretically investigated the OEEF-induced selective catalysis in a two-step cascade reaction of the Diels-Alder addition followed by an aromatization process. Characterized by the mechanically controllable break junction (MCBJ) technique in the nanogap and confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in bottles, OEEFs are found to selectively catalyze the aromatization reaction by one order of magnitude owing to the alignment of the electric field on the reaction axis. Meanwhile, the Diels-Alder reaction remained unchanged since its reaction axis is orthogonal to the electric fields. This orientation-selective catalytic effect of OEEFs reveals that chemical reactions can be selectively manipulated through the elegant alignment between the electric fields and the reaction axis.This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFA0204902), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21722305, 21703188, 21673195, 21621091, 51733004, 51525303, and 91745103), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2017M622060), and the Young Thousand Talents Project of China. 该工作得到国家自然科学基金委（21722305、21703188、21673195、51733004、51525303、91745103），国家重点研发计划课题（2017YFA0204902），中国博士后面上基金（2017M622060）的资助，以及固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室、醇醚酯化工清洁生产国家工程实验室、能源材料化学协同创新中心的支持

Bennett机构、包络六面体与J-单叶双曲面映射可视化研究

基于Bennett机构构造的包络六面体，推导了机构构型与其运动副轴线对应的单叶双曲面之间瞬态相对位姿关系，可视化探究了Bennett机构、机构包络六面体与单叶双曲面之间动态位姿映射；分析了Bennett机构对角线相等时包络六面体构型的几何特征。由特定结构参数Bennett机构对应单叶双曲面腰部空间形态及腰截面投影可视化研究发现，机构在特定构型包络六面体底面投影与单叶双曲面腰椭圆短轴重合，引发探究该构型机构压力角的启示。研究发现，当输入角等于nπ+π/2(n∈N)，任一Bennett机构包络六面体底面投影线与腰椭圆短轴重合，机构出现最小压力角且最小压力角等于输出杆件运动副扭转角。从特定结构参数机构与其关联特征几何体、曲面、曲线间映射的可视化研究获得启示，可为进一步揭示运动学普遍规律提供研究思路

Australia's Response to Europe's Bologna Process

2006年4月,澳大利亚教育、科学与培训部发布了《博洛尼亚进程和澳大利亚:下一步工作》讨论稿,拉开了澳大利亚高等教育对博洛尼亚进程回应的序幕。与教育、科学与培训部的热情形成反差的是高等教育其他机构和团体对此大多持谨慎态度,这种反差直接影响了澳大利亚与博洛尼亚进程接轨的行动。但可以预见的是,随着博洛尼亚进程影响的逐步扩大,澳大利亚高等教育各部门对此问题的争论还会继续。The Australian government is very concerned about the Bologna process,and promotes new strategy of internationalization of education actively.In April 2006,the Education,Science and Training Department released a discussion paper,entitled "The Bologna Process and Australia:Next Steps",opened the Australian higher education sector to respond to the Bologna process in the prelude.The passion of Education,Science and Training Department is in contrast to other higher education institutions and bodies who are taking a cautious attitude,this contrast directly affects aligning with Bologna process in action,but it can be predicted that as a result of the expanded impact of the Bologna Process,and higher education sectors in Australia will continue to debate on the issue.教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目《现代高等教育发展理论研究》(项目编号:09YJA8800046

Precise human eyes location algorithm based on FCM Clustering and C-V model

提出了一种精确提取眼睛轮廓、虹膜边界、瞳孔中心及眼角坐标的方法。首先利用基于AdAbOOST算法的眼睛检测器提取眼睛所在的图像子区域,并应用单尺度rETInEX算法增强该子区域;然后在子区域中运用梯度HOugH圆变换提取瞳孔中心和虹膜边界;接着运用模糊C均值(fCM)聚类算法在子区域内提取眼睛的初始区域,并以初始区域构造符号距离函数作为C-V模型的初始水平集函数;最后运用C-V模型提取眼睛轮廓和眼角坐标。在PurduE Ar人脸测试集上,结合fCM聚类后C-V模型的收敛速度提高了64.1%、定位精度提高了8.3%。方法不受复杂背景影响,对光照变化有较好的适应度,具有较高的鲁棒性。实验结果表明方法是有效的。In order to precisely locate the human eye features,such as eye contours,iris boundaries and the coordinates of pupil centers and canthi,a hierarchical approach is presented.First,an eye detector is trained by AdaBoost algorithm for extracting the sub-images containing the eyes,and the sub-images are enhanced by single-scale Retinex algorithm.Second,the pupil centers and iris boundaries are located using gradient Hough circle transform in the sub-images.Third,the eye regions are segmented by FCM clustering for constructing the initial signed distance function which is the Level Set function of C-V Model.Finally,the eye contours and canthi are located using C-V Model.With the combination of FCM clustering and C-V Model,the convergence rate of C-V Model is increased by 64.1% on the Purdue AR face test set,while the locating accuracy is increased by 8.3%.This algorithm is immune to complex background and illumination changes,showing that it has high robustness.Results show that the proposed approach is efficient.国家自然科学基金(60672018;60873179;11005081);浙江省教育厅科技项目(Y201016244);浙江省优秀青年教师资助计划项目;校科研启动项目(QTJ09004;QTJ09009

具有变拓扑特征的电动开启车门锁构型设计及拓扑描述

车门锁电动开启功能是乘客非接触操作模式进入车辆的物理基础，将引领高品质和舒适安全车门锁系统的发展潮流。针对车门锁内部电动保险、电动开启双支链运动协调以及多运动支链间互不干涉的需求，以现有具备电动保险功能车门锁为基础，基于平面机构拓扑结构综合理论，引入不完全齿轮间歇机构构造了变拓扑电动开启运动链；借助关联矩阵描述了车门锁电动开启支链不同连接状态的拓扑构态。通过研制电动车门锁样机并进行功能测试，验证了基于变拓扑结构电动开启运动链方案在该门锁系统中的可行性。该研究可为汽车智能门锁运动链的构型设计提供新思路