Research on Zhixun of Shuo Wen Jie Zi

本文以《说文解字》作为直训研究的基础语料，结合《说文解字注》、《尔雅》、《方言》、《释名》等数据库以及《汉语大字典》、《现代汉语词典》等辞书著作，运用训诂学理论、词汇学理论和辞书学理论相结合的方法，在立足语言事实描绘的同时，采用数据库的计量统计分析、合理对比参照等手段对《说文》直训进行了多层面的系统研究。 首先，对《说文》3559条直训进行了系统分类描写和计量统计分析。按释义格式将直训分为单训释词的直训、多训释词的直训、义界与直训的合用三大类，二十六小类。依据直训内部训诂方式交叉合用的不同，将《说文》直训分为单一直训和多重直训两大类层级结构模式。在此基础上，深入分析直训在训诂专书中的训释规律...This dissertation conducts multidimensional system research on Zhixun (直训) of Shuo Wen Jie Zi (说文解字,usually abbreviated as Shuo Wen) that takes the Shuo Wen as the basis of corpus, combines with the annotation of Shuo Wen Jie Zi, Er Ya, Dialect, Shi Ming database as well as the Chinese Dictionary, Modern Chinese Dictionary and other lexicographical works, uses the method of combining the theory of...学位：文学博士院系专业：人文学院_汉语言文字学学号：1022007015398

Observation of inhomogeneous plasmonic field distribution in a nanocavity

等离激元材料和器件中电场的强度分布是等离激元技术及其应用的重要基础。虽然针尖增强光谱成像技术的发展已经实现了亚纳米的横向空间分辨率，并发现了亚纳米级电场的不均匀性，但是迄今人们对电场的纵向场强分布仍然知之甚少。李剑锋教授课题组设计了一种具有~2Å空间分辨率的分子尺，利用金单晶基底和壳层隔绝金纳米粒子来构筑等离激元纳米腔，并通过分子尺的拉曼信号强度，精准地直接表征纳米腔中的纵轴方向上高度不均匀的场强分布。中国科学技术大学罗毅教授课题组利用基于量子场论的局域场光谱理论，精确地模拟得到了与实验相符的等离激元纳腔中的场分布，并发现了因分子自聚焦作用而引起的“等离激元梳”。该工作提供了一种通用有效的定量表征纳腔中场强分布的方法，完善了对等离激元学基础的理解，为超高空间分辨的拉曼光谱成像、光学力调控分子组装、单分子反应操控提供指导。 该工作是在李剑锋教授和中国科学技术大学罗毅教授共同指导下完成的。实验部分主要由李超禹（论文第一作者，已毕业博士）、温宝英（在读博士）、李松波（已毕业硕士）完成，复旦大学段赛研究员（论文共同第一作者）和陈舒（已毕业博士）进行了局域场光谱理论计算。谢立强（已毕业博士）和毛秉伟教授帮助完成了扫描探针显微镜实验。浙江师范大学周小顺教授和王亚浩老师提供了自组装膜表征方面的重要帮助。印度的Kathiresan、叶龙武教授课题组和浙江大学陆展教授课题组在分子合成方面提供了重要帮助。瑞士伯尔尼大学Wandlowski教授和田中群教授为该工作提供了指导。【Abstract】The progress of plasmon-based technologies relies on an understanding of the properties of the enhanced electromagnetic fields generated by the coupling nanostrucutres.Plasmon-enhanced applications include advanced spectroscopies, optomechanics, optomagnetics and biosensing. However, precise determination of plasmon field intensity distribution within a nanogap remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate a molecular ruler made from a set of viologen-based, self-assembly monolayers with which we precisely measures field distribution within a plasmon nanocavity with ~2-Å spatial resolution. We observed an unusually large plasmon field intensity inhomogeneity that we attribute to the formation of a plasmonic comb in the nanocavity. As a consequence, we posit that the generally adopted continuous media approximation for molecular monolayers should be used carefully.The progress of plasmon-based technologies relies on an understanding of the properties of the enhanced electromagnetic fields generated by the coupling nanostrucutres1,2,3,4,5,6. Plasmon-enhanced applications include advanced spectroscopies7,8,9,10, optomechanics11, optomagnetics12 and biosensing13,14,15,16,17. However, precise determination of plasmon field intensity distribution within a nanogap remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate a molecular ruler made from a set of viologen-based, self-assembly monolayers with which we precisely measures field distribution within a plasmon nanocavity with ~2-Å spatial resolution. We observed an unusually large plasmon field intensity inhomogeneity that we attribute to the formation of a plasmonic comb in the nanocavity. As a consequence, we posit that the generally adopted continuous media approximation for molecular monolayers should be used carefully.The Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing is acknowledged for computer time. S.D. is sponsored by Shanghai Pujiang Programme (grant no. 19PJ1400600). 该研究工作得到国家自然科学基金、国家重点研发计划、安徽省量子信息技术引导专项等的资助和支持

INUNDATION SIMULATION AND COUNTERMEASURE STUDY FOR THE NONAMI DISTRICT DUE TO HEAVY RAINFALL IN THE TOKAT REGION

東海豪雨によって名古屋市天白区野並地区で発生した浸水被害を対象とし, 浸水状況を再現するシミュレーションモデルを構築した.次に, このモデルを用いて, いくつかの想定シナリオのもとでの浸水シミュレーションを行い, 浸水被害の原因や対策について考察した.その結果, 計画規模を越えるような豪雨に対処するためには, 排水のネットワーク構造を考えた対策を考えねばならないことが明らかとなった.A simple inundation simulation model is applied to the Nonami district in Nagoya City, and the causes and countermeasures for the urban flood in the Nonami district due to the heavy rainfall in theTokai region in 2000 are studied.The model estimates inundation stages with the continuity equation and the depth-volume relationship for the Nonami district generated from a 10m grid Digital Elevation Model. The computed maximum inundation depth shows a good agreement with the observed inundation depth. By using the model, inundation simulations are carried out under some scenarios. Findings from the simulations are that the maximum inundation depth does not change even if the pump system at the Nonami district worked without failure; the pump system needs more than 2.5 times capacity to cope with the heavy rainfall; and if the Nonami district does not have inflows from the adjacent basins, inundation damage is quite small. The simulation results indicate that a drainage system should manage a network of basin water movement in order to deal with a heavy rainfall beyond a design rainfall.東海豪雨によって名古屋市天白区野並地区で発生した浸水被害を対象とし,浸水状況を再現するシミュレーションモデルを構築した.次に,このモデルを用いて,いくつかの想定シナリオのもとでの浸水シミュレーションを行い,浸水被害の原因や対策について考察した.その結果,計画規模を越えるような豪雨に対処するためには,排水のネットワーク構造を考えた対策を考えねばならないことが明らかとなった.A simple inundation simulation model is applied to the Nonami district in Nagoya City, and the causes and countermeasures for the urban flood in the Nonami district due to the heavy rainfall in theTokai region in 2000 are studied.The model estimates inundation stages with the continuity equation and the depth-volume relationship for the Nonami district generated from a 10m grid Digital Elevation Model. The computed maximum inundation depth shows a good agreement with the observed inundation depth. By using the model, inundation simulations are carried out under some scenarios. Findings from the simulations are that the maximum inundation depth does not change even if the pump system at the Nonami district worked without failure; the pump system needs more than 2.5 times capacity to cope with the heavy rainfall; and if the Nonami district does not have inflows from the adjacent basins, inundation damage is quite small. The simulation results indicate that a drainage system should manage a network of basin water movement in order to deal with a heavy rainfall beyond a design rainfall

近70年来中国自然地理与生存环境基础研究的重要进展与展望

自然环境是人类赖以生存和发展的基础,探索自然环境及其各要素(如地貌、气候、水文、土壤等)的特征、演变过程、地域分异规律以及驱动机制是自然地理学的重点研究内容.中国自然地理要素类型丰富且区域差异较大,为开展自然地理研究提供了难得的机遇.文章主要围绕青藏高原隆升与亚洲内陆干旱化及河流发育、高原冰冻圈环境演化、全新世多时间尺度季风与西风气候变化、湖泊与湿地、流域模型与土壤侵蚀、过去人-地关系演化、生物地理及中国三维地带性规律等几个方面,梳理了近70年来中国自然地理与生存环境研究的重大理论进展与重要贡献.在简要交代国际前沿研究进展的基础上,回顾并梳理了中国自然地理学各分支领域的研究脉络,进一步聚焦重大研究成果或具有较大争议、重大影响的学术争鸣问题,归纳目前研究现状,并进行未来工作展望.最后提出在推进生态文明建设的国家需求下,应发挥中国自然地理研究的优势,厘清自然地理要素变化的过程、规律与机制,持续推进中国自然地理研究为国家战略服务,在全球视野下做出具有中国特色的自然地理学理论贡献

High-Density Three-Dimension Graphene Macroscopic Objects for High-Capacity Removal of Heavy Metal Ions

The chemical vapor deposition (CVD) fabrication of high-density three-dimension graphene macroscopic objects (3D-GMOs) with a relatively low porosity has not yet been realized, although they are desirable for applications in which high mechanical and electrical properties are required. Here, we explore a method to rapidly prepare the high-density 3D-GMOs using nickel chloride hexahydrate (NiCl2 center dot 6H(2)O) as a catalyst precursor by CVD process at atmospheric pressure. Further, the free-standing 3D-GMOs are employed as electrolytic electrodes to remove various heavy metal ions. The robust 3D structure, high conductivity (similar to 12 S/cm) and large specific surface area (similar to 560 m(2)/g) enable ultra-high electrical adsorption capacities (Cd2+ similar to 434 mg/g, Pb2+ similar to 882 mg/g, Ni2+ similar to 1,683 mg/g, Cu2+ similar to 3,820 mg/g) from aqueous solutions and fast desorption. The current work has significance in the studies of both the fabrication of high-density 3D-GMOs and the removal of heavy metal ions