気相セリウム酸化物クラスターの安定性と酸化還元反応性

学位の種別: 課程博士審査委員会委員 : （主査）東京大学教授 真船 文隆, 東京大学教授 永田 敬, 東京大学教授 染田 清彦, 東京大学准教授 長谷川 宗良, 東京大学准教授 内田 さやかUniversity of Tokyo(東京大学

夜間無人運転システムの開発について

1.はじめに 2.無人運転時の環境 3.無人運転時のシステム動作 4.無人運転への切替え 5.おわり

Variations in Sr and Nd isotopic ratios of cryoconite on glaciers in Greenland

第4回極域科学シンポジウム横断セッション：[IA] 「急変する北極気候システム及びその全球的な影響の総合的解明」―GRENE北極気候変動研究事業研究成果報告2013―11月12日（火） 国立極地研究所 ２階大会議

Experimental and clinical studies on anal submucosal injection of methotrexate for bladder cancer

1)ラットを用いた実験的検討において, 血中MTX濃度の経時的測定により, ASIではMTXの血中への移行が緩徐であった.2)静注群では膀胱組織内MTX濃度のピークはASI群より高いがその低下が急速であるのに対して, ASI群では30分以降120分後まで比較的高い濃度を維持した.3)臨床的には, 9例の膀胱癌患者に施行し3例が評価可能で, この内CIS症例2例にCRが得られ, 他の1例はNCと判定された.4)口内炎を主とした全身的副作用が多数の症例でみられ, 血中MTX濃度の検討でもこれを裏付ける結果が示されたThe experimental and clinical studies were performed to investigate the efficacy of the anal submucosal injection (ASI) of methotrexate (MTX) for bladder cancer. In the experimental study, MTX was administered to male Wistar rats each weighing from 200 to 250 gm in a dosage of 2 mg/kg body weight through two different routes, one of which was intravenous injection (IV group) and the other of which was anal submucosal injection (ASI group). The concentrations of MTX in serum and bladder tissue after injection were estimated in both groups. Serum MTX levels in ASI group were significantly higher than those in the IV group from 30 minutes through 120 minutes after injection, while the IV group was higher than the ASI group at 5 minutes after injection. Tissue MTX levels in ASI group were significantly higher than those in the IV group from 60 minutes through 120 minutes after injection. However, tissue MTX levels in IV group were significantly higher than those in ASI group from 5 minutes through 15 minutes after injection. We started clinically to use ASI for bladder cancer as a preliminary random trial in November, 1988. Between November, 1988 and September, 1989 ASI was performed in 9 patients with various bladder cancer. The dose of MTX was 50 mg every week for 5 consecutive doses. The course was repeated at 3-week intervals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS

Influence of ice sheet on AMOC through lower atmospheric circulation change during glacial climate

Recently, some studies have revealed that, in glacial period, Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) was strongly controlled by the ice sheet and greenhouse gases (Abe-Ouchi et al. in prep; Brady et al. 2013). By comparing the results from a coupled atmosphere and ocean general circulation model (AOGCM) with and without glacial ice sheets, they showed that the ice sheets had large influence on the glacial AMOC. This process is not fully understood, but it may be related to atmospheric circulation change due to the presence of huge ice sheets (Oka et al. 2012; Montoya and Levermann 2008). Some studies have shown that in the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), the atmospheric circulation differed from that of today mainly due to the presence of the huge ice sheet, especially in the North Atlantic where the AMOC sinks. These atmospheric circulation differences would cause changes in wind stress and therefore may affect AMOC. Thus in this study, we investigate the influence of the ice sheets on glacial AMOC through wind stress. Here we use an atmosphere general circulation model, which is the atmospheric part of MIROC climate model for sensitivity experiments. As ice sheet has two effects (topography effect and albedo effect) on atmospheric circulation, we evaluate each effect separately as well. We conducted 3 experiments. The first experiment, named as NOICE, uses only the modern ice sheet distribution thus does not contain the effect of the glacial ice sheet. Second experiment, which is refferd as FLATICE experiment, contains the flat glacial ice sheet thus inclueds the albedo effect of the glacial ice sheet but not the topography effect. For the third experiment, LGM, we added the whole glacial ice sheets. Therefore, from these experiments, we can determine the total effect of glacial ice sheets as LGM-NOICE, the albedo-only effect as FLATICE-NOICE, the topography-only effect as LGM-FLATICE. Hereafter we will focus in the North Atlantic where the AMOC sinks.In the North Atlantic, consistent with previous studies, the LGM ice sheets, i.e., Laurentide and Fenno-Scandian ice sheets had large impact on the wind stress. Anomalies induced by the ice sheets were a southward wind stress anomaly in Greenland Sea and Baffin Bay, cyclonic anomaly at high latitude, and anti-cyclonic wind stress anomaly at mid and low latitudes. It was found that the topography effect was dominant, though for the eastward wind stress at mid-latitude, albedo effect also played an important role.Using these wind stress as a boundary condition, we conducted several experiments using an ocean general circulation model to investigate the effect of the wind stress altered by the icesheet on the AMOC. All experiments were conducted under glacial cold condition, which we used surface heat flux of the LGM from the model simulation as Oka et al. (2012). As a result, wind stress without glacial ice sheet showed weaker and shallower AMOC compared to the modern AMOC. For the albedoonly effect, the AMOC intensified, though the interface between the North Atlantic Deep Water and the Atlantic Antarctica Bottom Water had only minor change. On the other hand, for the total glacial ice sheet effect and topography-only effect, this interface significantly deepenedin in addition that the circulation itself is intensified, though the strength of the topographyonly effect was weaker than the total glacial ice sheet. These results suggest that the wind stress change due to the ice sheet is crucial to determine the state of the glacial AMOC.第4回極域科学シンポジウム個別セッション：[OM] 気水圏11月15日（金） 統計数理研究所 ３階セミナー室１（D305

The temporal variation in cryoconite holes on Qaanaaq Ice Cap, in Greenland, and its effect on the surface albedo

第4回極域科学シンポジウム個別セッション：[OM] 気水圏11月15日（金） 国立極地研究所 ３階ラウン