Relating the ecological characters of the zooplankton in the coastal waters of central Fujian Province and the middle area of Subei Shoal to the seasonal variation of water masses

本研究根据2009年12月，2010年4月、8月在福建中部近海24°55'-25°13'N、119°11'-119°32'E水域三个航次的浮游动物调查资料，分析了该海域浮游动物的种类组成、生态类群组成、优势种、多样性指数和数量分布，讨论了这些生态特征的季节变化及其与台湾海峡内的水团变化的关系。同时还分析了2009年5月和8月在苏北浅滩33°04'-33°12'N、121°02'-121°12'E水域两个航次的浮游动物调查资料，并通过比较两处调查水域的浮游动物生态特征探讨了水团对浮游动物的影响。这对于明确调查水域浮游动物的资源状况，以及了解大尺度气候与水文因素对浮游动物的影响有一定的科学意义。主...During three oceanographic surveys conducted in the coastal waters of central Fujian Province (24°55'-25°13'N、119°11'-119°32'E) during December 2009, April and August 2010, and two oceanographic surveys conducted in the middle area of Subei Shoal (33°04'-33°12'N、121°02'-121°12'E) during May & Aug.2009, the species composition, eco-groups, dominant species, diversity index and horizontal distributi...学位：理学硕士院系专业：海洋与环境学院海洋学系_海洋生物学学号：2242009115115

Relating the distribution of zooplankton abundance in the coastal waters of central Fujian Province to the seasonal variation of water masses

根据2009—2010年在福建中部近海24°55'—25°13'n、119°11'—119°32'E水域冬、春、夏3个季节的调查资料,探讨了该水域浮游动物总丰度与生物量的平面分布、季节变化及其与台湾海峡水团变化的关系。结果表明,调查水域浮游动物的数量在冬、春之交变化较大,而在春、夏季变化较小。浮游动物冬、春两季的平均丰度分别为8.90个/M3和245.65个/M3,夏季为236.82个/M3。冬、春两季,该水域浮游动物的分布特征相近。其数量在近岸较高,向外侧水域逐渐降低。冬季浮游动物的丰度最高为31.56个/M3,春季最高达到831.67个/M3。中华哲水蚤(CAlAnuS SInICuS)是冬、春季影响总丰度变化最主要的种类。与冬、春季不同,夏季浮游动物的数量在离岸水域较高,丰度最高达1053.13个/M3,而在近岸较低,最低值仅19.17个/M3。汉森莹虾(luCIfEr HAnSEnI)、双生水母(dIPHyES CHAMISSOnIS)是影响总丰度变化最主要的种类。浮游动物在各季的不同分布特征与台湾海峡的季节性水团变化有关。受季风转换影响,从冬季到夏季,海峡内沿岸流势力逐渐减弱,台湾暖流水势力逐渐增强,并影响到沿岸的水文环境。这导致调查水域内浮游动物的优势种类由暖温种向暖水种演替。由于冬、春季的重要优势种类中华哲水蚤与夏季的汉森莹虾、双生水母具有不同的温度适应性,受不同性质水团的影响,在近岸和离岸水域各自呈现出不同的数量高低。从而进一步影响到各季浮游动物总数量的分布。In three oceanographic surveys conducted in the coastal waters of central Fujian Province(24°55′—25°13′ N,119°11′—119°32′ E) in December 2009 and April and August 2010,the abundance,biomass,horizontal distribution,and seasonal variation of zooplankton were investigated,and their relation to the seasonal variation of water masses in the Taiwan Strait was examined.The results showed that the numbers of zooplankton changed between winter and spring,but remained steady between spring and summer.In winter and spring,the zooplankton showed similar patterns of distribution,though the distribution pattern was different in summer.The average number of zooplankton was 8.90 ind./m3 in winter and 245.65 ind./m3 in spring.In these two seasons,the zooplankton were most abundant in nearshore waters and gradually diminished offshore.In summer,the average number of zooplankton was 236.82 ind./m3.The zooplankton abundance in nearshore waters was low,but the zooplankton were abundant in offshore waters.To ascertain which species made the greatest contribution to these distribution patterns,the regression contribution of each dominant species′ abundance was computed.In winter and spring,Calanus sinicus was the species whose distribution determined the distribution of zooplankton abundance.In summer,Lucifer hanseni and Diphyes chamissonis exerted the greatest influence on the distribution of zooplankton abundance.As a warm-temperate species,Calanus sinicus usually prospers in low-temperature waters.By contrast,Lucifer hanseni and Diphyes chamissonis are warm-water species;they are usually abundant in high-temperature waters.The adaptability of these three species to water temperature is an important factor in determining the distribution patterns of zooplankton abundance in each season.However,the most important factor is the seasonal variation of the water masses in the Taiwan Strait.This variation leads to the seasonal alternation of the dominant species.In winter,the west side of the Taiwan Strait is controlled by China′s coastal water,which has a low temperature.The dominant species in the investigated waters in winter were warm-temperate species like Calanus sinicus.In spring,as the northeast monsoon weakens,China′s coastal water wanes and the Taiwan Warm Current becomes stronger.However,the west side of the Taiwan Strait is still controlled by China′s coastal water so warm-temperate species are still dominant.In winter and spring,the offshore water has a relatively high temperature because of the Taiwan Warm Current.Correspondingly,in the offshore water Calanus sinicus had a low abundance.The greatest abundance of Calanus sinicus was in the nearshore water.In summer,the southwest monsoon begins and the Taiwan Warm Current dominates.The major species were mainly warm-water species,such as Lucifer hanseni and Diphyes chamissonis.In summer,the water is heavily stratified,and there is an upwelling of bottom water in the nearshore region of the western side of the strait.As a result,the water temperature in this region was the lowest.Accordingly,warm-water species such as Lucifer hanseni and Diphyes chamissonis,were less abundant in the nearshore water.The different distribution patterns of these important zooplankton species further influenced the total abundance and overall distribution patterns in different seasons.国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2010CB428705);国家自然科学基金项目(40776077

Ecological characters of zooplankton in middle area of Subei Shoal in spring and summer

根据2009年5月和8月在苏北浅滩33°04′--33°12′、121°02′--121°12′水域两个航次浮游动物调查,分析了该水域春夏季浮游动物数量分布、种类组成和优势种特征。结果表明,该区浮游动物优势种季节演替明显,春季(5月)主要优势种为真刺唇角水蚤(lAbIdOCErA EuCHAETA)、小拟哲水蚤(PArACAlAnuS PArVuS)、左突唇角水蚤(l.SInIlObATA)、中华哲水蚤(CAlAnuSSInICuS);夏季(8月)主要优势种为真刺唇角水蚤、百陶箭虫(SAgITTA bEdOTI)、太平洋纺锤水蚤(ACArTIA PACIfICA)。各优势种的季节变化主要受温度影响,呈现夏季暖温种减少、暖水种增多的趋势。春、夏季浮游动物平均生物量分别为1 091.23 Mg/M3和487.11 Mg/M3,平均丰度为1 855.59个/M3和871.37个/M3,春季生物量和丰度都明显高于夏季。苏北浅滩大丰水域春夏季浮游动物数量较高,生物多样性好,群落结构稳定,可为该区各种鱼类及其仔稚幼鱼提供丰富饵料,是鱼类良好的产卵和育幼场所。Based on the zooplankton samples collected from the middle area of Subei Shoal(33°04′～33°12′,121°02′～121°12′) during May & Aug 2009,the ecological characters of zooplankton in the area were studied,such as the quantity,dominant species and season changes.The result showed that the succession of dominant species in the two seasons was obvious.Labidocera euchaeta,Paracalanus parvus,L.sinilobata and Calanus sinicus were the primary dominant species in spring(May).L.euchaeta,Sagitta bedoti,Acartia pacifica were the primary species in summer(Aug.).The seasonal variations of dominant species were mainly determined by the change of temperature.In summer the species were decreased and the warm water species added.The average biomass of zooplankton was 1 091.23 mg/m3 in spring and 487.11 mg/m3 in summer.Moreover,the average abundance of zooplankton was 1 855.59 d/m3 in spring and 871.37 d/m3 in summer.According to the large quantity and high diversity of zooplankton in the studied area,in Subei Shoal,some fishes' spawning and nursing grounds provided the abundant food for the fish larvae and juveniles.国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2010CB428705);国家自然科学基金项目(40776077

The influence of upwelling and water mass on the ecological group distribution of zooplankton in Zhejiang coastal waters

依据2010年4月、7月和11月对浙江中部近海上升流海域进行的海洋调查资料,运用定量、定性方法,探讨了上升流对该海域浮游动物生态类群分布的影响。结果表明:3个季节共鉴定浮游动物64种,桡足类占主要优势,包括5个生态类群,分别是暖温带近海种、暖温带外海种、亚热带近海种、亚热带外海种和热带大洋种。在种类数组成上,春季以暖温带近海种为主,夏季则是亚热带近海种和亚热带外海种居多,秋季也是亚热带种居多,其中夏季暖温带种种类数要高于春季和秋季,这一现象与同时期东黄海沿海有所不同,主要是由于上升流将一些在海洋底部度夏的暖温种带至海洋表面造成的。此外,3个季节生态类群都是以近海种为主,表明沿岸流是影响这一海域的最主要的水团。在丰度组成上,4月暖温带近海种占总丰度的98.79%,7月暖温带近海种也是组成丰度的重要部分,10月则是亚热带近海种丰度最高。丰度组成所反映的规律与种类数组成规律一致。上升流的存在导致夏季近海暖温带种大量出现,是影响这一海域浮游动物生态类群组成的重要因素;受长江径流和椒江径流的影响,近海种成为主要生态类群,是这一海域浮游动物的一个重要的生态特征。The Zhejiang region experiences coastal upwelling characterized by low temperatures and high salinities throughout the year but particularly during the summer months.The upwelling in this area brings nutrients from the bottom to the surface,providing nutrients for large numbers of breeding plankton.The large quantities of zooplankton are a major food source for many fish and consequently the offshore waters of Zhejiang are productive fishing grounds.Another effect of the upwelling is that temperate warm water species that normally occur in deeper waters and offshore species are taken along with the current resulting in shifts in local zooplankton species composition and changes to the ecological structure and function of this group.This research was based on data from three oceanographic surveys in the offshore waters of the Yushan fishery during April,July and November of 2010.Using quantitative and qualitative methods,the primary aim of this paper was to examine the influence of upwelling on the ecological distribution of zooplankton in this area.A total of 64 species mainly dominated by copepods were identified which were classified into five major ecological groups including coastal temperate warm water species,offshore temperate warm water species,coastal subtropical water species,offshore subtropical water species and oceanic tropical water species.Coastal temperate warm water species were prevalent in spring,coastal subtropical water species and offshore subtropical water species in summer and subtropical species in autumn.The higher abundance of temperate warm water species such as Calanus sinicus,Paracalanus parvus and Sagitta nagae in summer relative to spring and autumn was primarily caused by the upwelling that transported these species from the bottom to the surface.This phenomenon is very different from the hydrodynamic processes that occur in the East and Yellow China Seas.Additionally,coastal species were the dominant zooplankton group,which means that coastal currents have the greatest influence on species composition in these waters.According to the research of Hu Dun-Xin,the main power of the Zhejiang coastal upwelling comes from the upward movement of subsurface water from the Kuroshio current as it follows the continental shelf.The subsurface water of the Kuroshio current runs southeast to northwest and shifts to the east forming an upwelling when it is blocked by the Chen Island Archipelago.With low temperatures and high salinities,the subsurface water of the Kuroshio current carries temperate warm water species and offshore species.As a result,during periods of coastal upwelling temperate warm water species are carried to the surface from the bottom,producing the unusual phenomenon were the number of temperate warm water species in summer is higher than in spring and autumn,contrary to the situation in other areas that have similar climatic conditions.In terms of abundance,coastal temperate warm water species accounted for 98.79% of the zooplankton in April and also a large proportion in July,whereas coastal subtropical water species were the dominant zooplankton group in October.Upwelling leading to the appearance of large numbers of temperate warm water species is a key factor affecting the ecological composition of zooplankton in these waters.The dominance of coastal species that are influenced by Jiao-Jiang runoff was a prime ecological characteristic of zooplankton in this region.国家自然科学基金项目(40776077); 国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2010CB428705

Study on feeding habit of Coilia mystus in Yangtze River Estuary

2009年6-8月在长江口及杭州湾水域收集到1 355尾凤鲚(COIlIA MySTuS)样品,取其胃含物并对其饵料组成和数量进行分析。结果表明:长江口长兴岛北港水域每尾凤鲚对桡足类摄食数量为0.10~3.31个,长江口九段沙南槽水域每尾为0.06~0.23个,因此可以认为产卵场凤鲚的摄食强度大于洄游中凤鲚的摄食强度。同时发现,每尾体长为100~150 MM的凤鲚摄食糠虾类数量在0.4个左右,而150~190MM体长组糠虾类的数量在0.1个以下。研究表明,个体较大的凤鲚并未对较大个体的糠虾类有更强的摄食趋势。同样,食物中桡足类数量分布与体长组变化也没有明显的关系。在杭州湾,凤鲚的胃含物和栖息水域中都有大量糠虾出现,而在长江口,凤鲚胃含物有零星糠虾出现,其栖息水域的采样中则没有糠虾记录。这说明栖息水域环境中饵料生物组成的差异是凤鲚饵料种类数量不同的重要原因。此外还发现,凤鲚对中华哲水蚤(CAlAnuS SInICuS)(I=0.89)和长额刺糠虾(ACAnTHOMySIS lOngIrOSTrIS)(I=0.86)选择性较强。而凤鲚对火腿许水蚤(SCHMACkErIA POPlESIA)(I=-0.39,y=0.30)等这些栖息水域环境中的优势种类属被动摄食,不具选择性。研究亮点:目前对凤鲚食性的研究只在凤鲚生物学的叙述中提到,没有食性数量的进一步分析。对长江口及其附近水域凤鲚的食物组成及摄食习性进行分析,并将凤鲚的食物组成与栖息水域中的浮游动物种类数量组成进行比较分析。为凤鲚食性的进一步研究以及凤鲚渔业资源的保护、增殖和合理利用提供基础资料。In order to study the diet composition and quantity of Coilia mystus,1 355 stomach samples of C.mystus collected from Yangtze River Estuary and Hangzhou Bay from June to August in 2009 were analyzed in this paper.The feeding amount of Copepoda ranged from 0.10 ind/fish to 3.31 ind/fish in North Channel,Changxing Island,Shanghai,while 0.06-0.23 ind/fish in South Passage,Jiuduansha Wetland,Shanghai,which indicated that the feeding intensity of C.mystus in spawning ground was relatively higher than that during migration.It's detected that the amount of Mysidacea was about 0.40 ind/fish in 100--150 mm size classes,and 0.10 ind/fish in 150-190 mm ones,which demonstrated that there was no obvious tendency of preying bigger Mysidacea by C.mystus in bigger size classes.Besides,the relationship between amount distribution of Copepoda and the size classes of C.mystus was not evident.Mysidacea was found both in stomachs of C.mystus and water samples collected from Hangzhou Bay,while there was a little amount of Mysidacea in C.mystus and none in water samples collected from Yangtze River Estuary.This showed that different composition of diet organism in various waters was the primary reason for the variety of C.mystus feeding components.It's also found that C.mystus showed a preference for Calanus sinicus(I = 0.89) and Acanthomysis longirostris(I = 0.86),while C.mystus had no active selectivity for dominant species in waters,such as Schmackeria poplesia(I =-0.39,Y = 0.30).国家自然科学基金(40776047);973计划(2010CB428705

Summer diet composition and feeding ecology of large yellow croaker(Larimichthys crocea) in Guanjing Yang

2010年6月在福建省官井洋海域收集579尾大黄鱼(lArIMICHTHyS CrOCEA)标本进行胃含物分析,同步采集取样点附近水域浮游动物及张网样品,比较大黄鱼胃含物种类与水域中生物种类组成的相似性。结果表明:大黄鱼食物种类共32种,种类广泛。大黄鱼主要摄食十足类(相对重要性指标百分比%IrI=49.14%)、鱼类(%IrI=20.47%)、磷虾类(%IrI=18.31%)和糠虾类(%IrI=2.34%),具有以游泳动物、浮游动物为主要食物对象的肉食性摄食习性。细螯虾(lEPTOCHElA grACIlIS)(相对重要性指标IrI=976.10,%IrI=35.38%)和中华假磷虾(PSEudEuPHAuSIA SInICA)(IrI=505.27,%IrI=18.31%)为大黄鱼食物组成中最重要的食物种类。海区中,浮游动物以桡足类为主,占所有浮游动物总丰度的45.03%,主要优势种为太平洋纺锤水蚤(ACArTIA PACIfICA,优势度y=0.14)、双刺唇角水蚤(lAbIdOCErA bIPInnATA,y=0.09)和中华哲水蚤(CAlAnuS SInICuS,y=0.06);张网渔获物共鉴定91种,主要为细螯虾、白姑鱼(ArgyrOSOMuS ArgEnTATuS)、大黄鱼(lArIMICHTHyS CrOCEA)蟳、双斑(CHArybdIS bIMACulATA)、三疣梭子蟹(POrTunuSTrITubErCulATuS)、银鲳(PAMPuS ArgEnTEuS)鮻和棱(lIzA CArInATuS)。研究表明,大黄鱼对食物种类具有明显的选择性,主要体现在喜好追逐捕食海区中的小型虾类和仔、稚、幼鱼以及体型相对较大的浮游动物磷虾类和糠虾类。The population of large yellow croaker(Larimichthys crocea) has declined since the 1970s.Despite the decline,little is known about the feeding behavior and diet of this species.Our objective was to document the dietary composition of large yellow croaker.We collected 579 specimens from the sea near Guanjing Yang,Fujian province during June 2010.We documented the stomach contents of each individual and calculated the occurrence frequency(F%),individual number percentage(N%),weight percent(W%),and an index of relative importance(IRI).In addition,we compared diet composition of the zooplankton and nektonic assemblages in the ambient water.We identified 32 species in the diet.The most abundant were decapoda,fish,euphausiacea,mysidacea,amphipoda,crabs,copepoda,and stomatopoda.Decapoda(%IRI=49.14%) and fish(%IRI=20.47%) were the most important prey groups in the diet.Euphausiacea(%IRI=18.31%) and Mysidacea(%IRI=2.34%) constituted the second most important prey groups.Leptochela gracilis(IRI=976.10,%IRI=35.38%) and Pseudeuphausia sinica(IRI=505.27,%IRI=18.31%) were the most important prey species.Our data suggest that the large yellow croaker is carnivorous and feeds primarily on decapods,fish,and macro zooplankton.The trophic level of the wild large yellow croaker is lower than nektonic-animal feeders but higher than planktonic-animal feeders.The dominant species of the zooplankton assemblage was copepoda,primarily Acartia pacifica(Y=0.14),Labidocera bipinnata(Y=0.09),and Calanus sinicus(Y=0.06).The percent mean abundance of Euphausiacea and Mysidacea was 0.83%.Fish,crabs,and decapods were the most abundant nektonic organisms.We hypothesize that the large yellow croaker exhibits selectivity for food,preferring small decapods,fish larvae,euphausiacea,and mysidacea to other groups.国家自然基金项目(40776047);973计划项目(2010CB428705

1995～2011年CERN土壤环境元素含量数据集

土壤环境是地球环境的重要组成部分。目前土壤环境问题的关注重点在于土壤污染。我国土壤污染以无机污染为主。中国生态系统研究网络(Chinese Ecosystem Research Network,CERN)自1988年组建以来,在中国主要农田、森林、草原、荒漠、湿地生态系统中,按统一的规范,对与土壤环境状况有关的铁、锰、铜、锌、硼、钼、镉、铬、铅、镍、汞、砷、硒元素进行了长期定位监测。通过对CERN典型生态样地表层土壤环境元素监测数据进行加工处理,获得1995～2011年中国陆地生态系统土壤环境元素含量数据集。本数据集中13种土壤环境元素指标测定的相对误差平均为6.55%,重复测定的相对偏差为7.70%。同时附有完整的背景信息,保证了数据在空间和时间上的一致性。本数据集可以为全国和区域土壤环境质量评估、土壤污染风险评价以及环境土壤学研究等工作提供数据基础