中国的税制改革(中)

本部分主要介绍并评价了中国个人所得税制,认为中国现行个人所得税具有最高边际税率较高、基本免征额相对较高、税级较宽的特点,与OECd国家明显不同的是:对劳动所得分类课征、没有基于家庭的常规性税收减免、按月计征等,建议中国进一步强化个人所得税制的累进性;按照相同的累进税率表对所有个人劳动所得进行课税;继续沿用现行以个人为纳税单位,但辅之以特别税收宽免和抵免来实现总收入相同但配偶双方收入构成不同的家庭间税负的均等化;实行准二元所得税制,对资本所得适用较低的比例税率;按年计征个人所得税

中国的税制改革(上)

本文对中国的税收制度以及所推行的税制改革进行了分析。文章着重阐述了列入中国当前改革日程的税收以及税收问题,包括对消费课征的税收(特别是营业税与增值税的整合)、环境相关税收、个人所得税、中央政府与地方政府的财政关系以及财产税等问题。虽然一国的税收制度及其改革进程深受其文化、传统及法律制度的影响,但本文仍全面论述了税制设计的一般问题,包括对中国税制如何进行设计以更有利于增长、更加简洁、更加透明、更少扭曲和更加公平。本文对上述税种均作了详细讨论并提出了未来可能的改革方向

Tax Policy and Tax Reform in the People's Republic of China

(接上期)四、扩大地方政府的财政自主权在中国,相当一部分公共服务都是由地方政府提供的。中国的地方政府分成以下四级:省、市、县/区、乡镇。这些地方政府负责提供如卫生、教育、退休金、失业保险和最低生活保障等重要的公共服务。除此之外,这些地方政府还要负责大部分的城市基础设施(例如交通和改善环境)投资(WOrld bAnk,2012)。地方政府的地方税税基非常有限,调整税率的权力几This paper compares the tax system in China with the tax system in OECD countries and the tax reforms China and OECD countries have implemented in the past.The analysis focuses on those taxes and tax issues which are currently on China's reform agenda, including the consumption taxes(especially the integration of the "business tax" into the VAT), environmentally-related taxes, the personal income tax, i scal relations between the central and sub-central levels of government and property taxes.The paper provides a(preliminary) analysis of the tax-to-GDP ratio and the tax mix in China as well as the average and marginal tax wedge on labour income, by applying the OECD's Revenue Statistics and Taxing Wages methodology.Although a country's culture, traditions and legal system play an important part in shaping its tax regime and how it can be reformed, the paper also reviews the general design issues on how to make the tax system in China more growth-friendly, simple and transparent, less distortive and fairer.The paper contains a detailed discussion and evaluation of each tax and considers possible directions for future tax reform in China