Effects of Heavy Metal and Pollutants on the Non-special Immunity of the Shrimp and Crab

综述了近10a国内外有关重金属、氨态氮、亚硝酸盐、有机污染物等几种环境因子对虾蟹类非特异性免疫影响的研究成果,以期为通过改善养殖环境条件提高虾蟹类自身免疫抗病力提供理论依据。同时,为进一步深入开展该领域的研究工作积累资料。This paper attempted to review and evaluate existing information about the effects of heavy metal,ammonia-N,nitrite and the organic pollutants on the non-special immune response of the shrimp and crab,which providing theory for improving the self-immunity of shrimp and crab by meliorating cultural environment. In addition,it could provide information for further study on this field

Role of Kv1. 3 channel of CD4--+ T lymphocytes in the formation of atherosclerosis in rat spleen

目的:探讨大鼠动脉粥样硬化(AS)模型中Cd4+T淋巴细胞电压门控钾通道(kV)kV1.3的表达、功能及其在AS中的作用。方法:采用高脂饮食法建立大鼠动脉粥样硬化模型,流式细胞术分析淋巴细胞的比例,采用免疫磁珠法分离Cd4+T淋巴细胞,研究脾组织Cd4+T淋巴细胞kV1.3MrnA表达、细胞内钙离子浓度及细胞因子分泌的变化。结果:(1)AS组脾组织Cd4+T淋巴细胞占总T淋巴细胞比例较对照组明显升高(74.93%±2.15%VS67.80%±2.54%,P<0.05)。(2)经刀豆蛋白A(COnA)刺激,AS组T淋巴细胞增殖程度明显高于对照组(1.1321±0.1750VS0.7971±0.0955,P<0.05)。(3)AS组脾组织Cd4+T淋巴细胞在COnA刺激状态下胞内钙离子浓度明显高于对照组(H=82,P<0.05)。(4)AS组脾组织Cd4+T淋巴细胞在刺激48H后较刺激24H后细胞因子(Il-2,Tnf-α)分泌显著增加。(5)AS组脾组织Cd4+T淋巴细胞kV1.3MrnA表达明显高于对照组(3.670±1.579VS1)。结论:AS组脾组织Cd4+T淋巴细胞比例高于对照组,Cd4+T淋巴细胞kV1.3MrnA表达增多,提示高表达kV1.3的Cd4+T淋巴细胞可能在AS的发生发展中发挥重要的作用。AIM: To investigate the function of voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3 and its possible role in CD4 + T lymphocytes in the formation of atherosclerosis ( AS) in rat spleen.METHODS: The rat atherosclerosis model was established by feeding high-fat diet.The proportion of lymphocytes was determined by flow cytometry.The CD4 + T lymphocytes were separated using immunomagnetic bead.The mRNA expression of Kv1.3 in CD4 + T lymphocytes was detected.The concentrations of intracellular calcium and cytokines were also measured.RESULTS: ( 1) The proportion of CD4 + T lymphocytes in AS group was significantly higher than that in control group ( 74.93% ± 2.15% vs 67.80% ± 2.54% ,P < 0.05) .( 2) After stimulated with concanavalin A ( ConA) ,the proliferation of CD4 + T lymphocytes in AS group was significantly higher than that in control group ( 1.1321 ± 0.1750 vs 0.7971 ± 0.0955,P < 0.05) .( 3) After stimulated with ConA,the concentration of intracellular calcium in AS group was higher than that in control group.( 4) In AS group,the releases of cytokines of IL-2 and TNF-α in AS group were significantly higher when stimulated with ConA for 48 h than that for 24 h.( 5) The mRNA expression of Kv1.3 in CD4 + T lymphocytes was greatly higher in AS group than that in control group ( 3.670 ± 1.579 vs 1) .CONCLUSION: In AS rats,the increase in CD4 + T lymphocytes as well as the augmentation of Kv1.3 mRNA expression in the cells suggest that up-regulation of Kv1.3 mRNA expression in CD4 + T lymphocytes may be involved in the mechanism of atherosclerotic formation in rat spleen.国家自然科学基金资助项目(No30871045

CD4~+T淋巴细胞Kv1.3通道在大鼠动脉粥样硬化中的作用

目的:探讨大鼠动脉粥样硬化(AS)模型中CD4+T淋巴细胞电压门控钾通道(Kv)Kv1.3的表达、功能及其在AS中的作用。方法:采用高脂饮食法建立大鼠动脉粥样硬化模型,流式细胞术分析淋巴细胞的比例,采用免疫磁珠法分离CD4+T淋巴细胞,研究脾组织CD4+T淋巴细胞Kv1.3mRNA表达、细胞内钙离子浓度及细胞因子分泌的变化。结果:(1)AS组脾组织CD4+T淋巴细胞占总T淋巴细胞比例较对照组明显升高(74.93%±2.15%vs67.80%±2.54%,P<0.05)。(2)经刀豆蛋白A(ConA)刺激,AS组T淋巴细胞增殖程度明显高于对照组(1.1321±0.1750vs0.7971±0.0955,P<0.05)。(3)AS组脾组织CD4+T淋巴细胞在ConA刺激状态下胞内钙离子浓度明显高于对照组(H=82,P<0.05)。(4)AS组脾组织CD4+T淋巴细胞在刺激48h后较刺激24h后细胞因子(IL-2,TNF-α)分泌显著增加。(5)AS组脾组织CD4+T淋巴细胞Kv1.3mRNA表达明显高于对照组(3.670±1.579vs1)。结论:AS组脾组织CD4+T淋巴细胞比例高于对照组,CD4+T淋巴细胞Kv1.3mRNA表达增多,提示高表达Kv1.3的CD4+T淋巴细胞可能在AS的发生发展中发挥重要的作用

Expression profile of voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3 in aorta of atherosclerosis rats

目的探讨动脉粥样硬化(AS)大鼠主动脉病变局部离子通道kV1.3的表达水平及作用。方法雄性WISTAr大鼠16只,随机分为两组:正常组(8只,予普通饮食+0.9%氯化钠溶液)和AS组(8只,予高脂饮食+维生素d3负荷)。采用组织病理学检查,观察主动脉粥样硬化病变。采用实时定量反转录-聚合酶链反应(rT-PCr)和WESTErn印迹法检测主动脉病变局部kV1.3和白细胞介素(Il)-2、干扰素(Ifn)-γ的表达水平。结果组织病理学检查证实纤维增生性AS斑块。AS组的kV1.3MrnA为(31.48±8.64)x10-3,显著高于正常组的(3.28±0.79)x10-3(P=0.012)。AS组的kV1.3、Il-2、Ifn-γ蛋白表达量分别为0.691±0.067、0.611±0.055、0.759±0.050,均显著高于正常组的0.490±0.052、0.299±0.058、0.273±0.052(P值均<0.01)。结论 kV1.3在主动脉粥样硬化病变局部的表达增高。kV1.3可能在AS的发生和发展过程中发挥着重要的作用。Objective To investigate the expression of voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3 in the aorta of a rat model of atherosclerosis and its role in the progress of atherosclerotic plaque formation.Methods A total of 16 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control(normal diet and saline)and atherosclerosis group(high lipid diet+Vitamin D3 overload),with 8 rats in each group.In 16 weeks later,all rats were killed after weighing,and their blood samples and aorta were collected.Pathological changes of the rat aortic artery were observed with HE staining.Real time RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis were used to determine the mRNA and protein expression of Kv1.3 and the protein expressions of interleukin(IL)-2 and interfereron(IFN)-γ.Results Pathological changes showed that fiber proliferative atherosclerotic plaques were found in the aorta of atherosclerosis group,with inflammatory cells infiltrating in the local lesion.Real time RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of Kv1.3 mRNA in the aorta was increased significantly in the atherosclerosis rats than that in the controls([31.48±8.64]×10-3 vs.[3.28±0.79]×10-3,P<0.05).Western blotting analysis showed that the protein expression of Kv1.3,IL-2 and IFN-γ in the aorta were also increased significantly in the atherosclerotic rats than that in the controls(Kv1.3[0.691±0.067] vs.[0.490±0.052],IL-2 [0.611±0.055] vs.[0.299±0.058],IFN-γ [0.759±0.050] vs.[0.273±0.052],P<0.01 n=8).Conclusion The expression of Kv1.3 potassium channels is increased in the plaques of atherosclerotic rats.Kv1.3 may play an important role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis.国家自然科学基金资助项目(30871045

Ways of developing scientific journals nowadays: examples of three journals of soil and water conservation

通过介绍水土保持3期刊在新时期的发展过程和经验,认为科技学术期刊必须紧跟形势,抓住机遇,发挥本身的优势,充分调动编辑人员的积极性,才能不断发展

免疫系統的激活——2011年諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎工作介紹

2011 年 10 月 3 日，瑞典卡罗琳医学院宣布将本年度诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予三位科学家( 图1) ，以表彰他们在人类免疫系统领域做出的突出贡献［1］。其中一半奖金由来自法国斯特拉斯堡大学( University of Strasbourg) 的朱尔斯·霍夫曼( Jules Hoffmann) 及美国斯克里普斯研究所( Scripps Research Institute) 的科学家布鲁斯·比特勒( Bruce Beutler) 共享，以表彰他们共同发现了识别微生物激 活先天免疫的关键受体蛋白 Toll 样受体( Toll-like receptors，TLRs) 。另一半奖金授予洛克菲勒大学 ( RockefellerUniversity ) 加拿大细胞生物学家拉尔夫·斯坦曼( Ralph Steinman) ，以表彰他发现树突状细胞( dendritic cells，DCs) 及其对获得性免疫独特的调控能力

Effect of raindrop impact on nutrient losses under different near-surface soil hydraulic conditions on black soil slope

目前,土壤水分饱和和壤中流条件下,雨滴打击对养分流失的影响尚不清楚。通过3个近地表土壤水文条件(自由入渗、土壤水分饱和与壤中流)下,土槽上方架设与不架设尼龙纱网模拟降雨对比试验,研究雨滴打击对黑土坡面侵蚀过程及NO3-N、NH4-N与PO4-P随径流和侵蚀泥沙迁移的影响。结果表明,纱网覆盖消除雨滴打击后坡面侵蚀量和泥沙浓度分别减少59.4%&mdash;71.6%和57.3%&mdash;73.0%,不同水文条件下减少量的排序为:自由入渗&gt;壤中流&gt;土壤水分饱和。消除雨滴打击后养分随径流流失的减少仅在自由入渗条件下体现较明显,该水文条件下NO3-N、NH4-N与PO4-P流失分别减少33.3%、23.1%和40.7%;3种水文条件下,消除雨滴打击均明显减少养分随泥沙的流失,其中自由入渗条件下减少效果最明显,该水文条件下,NO3-N和NH4-N流失分别减少20.9%&mdash;54.9%和25.0%&mdash;62.3%,而PO4-P流失减少在74.6%以上。雨滴打击增大了NO3-N的淋失,但对NH4-N与PO4-P的淋失几乎无影响。消除雨滴打击后,自由入渗条件下养分的等效径流迁移深度减少26.7%&mdash;42.6%,而土壤水分饱和与壤中流条件下基本无变化。以上..

高超声速气流中支板液体喷注的数值研究

斜爆轰发动机燃烧室爆轰燃烧是预混燃烧,发动机进气道燃料预混是斜爆轰发动机运行的前提和关键.现有研究多集中于气相燃料,针对更加接近工程实际的液体燃料研究较少.高超声速来流与液相作用伴随着更多流动物理过程,影响参数多,研究更为复杂.文章采用数值模拟手段,求解二维可压缩雷诺时均Navier-Stokes(RANS)方程,结合CLSVOF (coupled level set and volume of fluid)相界面捕捉方法.以高超声速横向来流与液相射流作用模型,系统研究了来流马赫数、液相射流角度和速度对液相燃料破碎、输运及混合的动力学行为的影响规律.在高超声速气流作用下,射流液柱受压力梯度影响向下游弯曲随气流运动,逐步呈现出液柱、连续液膜、液丝状、液块状和气液混合层5种液相演化形态.液相射流角度和速度对液相连续液膜特征和破碎距离有一定作用,进而对下游截面液相分布以及剪切层扰动造成影响.来流马赫数对压力梯度有一定作用,通过压力梯度对下游液相分布的纵向高度造成影响.综合参数分析,液相燃料射流穿透深度与总压损失成正比,改变射流角度是增加穿透深度、提升发动机性能更为有效的方式

高焓来流下气液相互作用的数值模拟研究

斜爆轰发动机进气道燃料预混是决定发动机性能的关键问题之一,燃料预混主要有两个技术问题:预混燃料在进气道内混合均匀和避免预混燃料进入燃烧室之前提前燃烧。现有对氢气燃料研究较多,氢气难贮存、难运输及易燃,相比而言对液体燃料更接近实际应用的研究较少。液体燃料混合是一个复杂的多相流问题,液相燃料需要经过变形、破碎、输运和混合多个物理过程,斜爆轰发动机进气道为高马赫数来流进一步使影响因素增加,因此研究液相在高超声速来流中混合机理比较困难。本文采用VOF-Level Set耦合相界面捕捉方法,对25km飞行高度参数下高马赫数来流中气液相互作用进行数值模拟。通过改变液相的入射速度、液相射流角度和来流马赫数条件,讨论气体和液体相互作用的流场结构和液体分布特征。结果表明,高马赫数气流作用下,液柱受压差影响,液柱向流向方向弯曲并发生破碎,在气流剪切作用下液相演化形态分别为连续液膜、液丝/块、液滴和气液混合层。液相射流速度对下游剪切层扰动有主导作用,对下游液相截面分布影响较大。液相射流角度改变对液柱附近流场结构及液相形态影响较大,进而影响液相破碎距离和液相分布特征。来流马赫数越大,气流惯性力增大,气流惯性力起主导作用,下游液相截面分布占比明显减少