36 research outputs found

    Correlation between Outdoor-exposure and Indoor-accelerated Ageing Test for Epoxy Coating

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    通过室外海洋大气暴晒和室内紫外线照射对环氧涂层进行了老化试验,并运用光泽、颜色、粉化率、SEM以及电化学多重动电位扫描(MCPDP)等手段测试了涂层在室外大气暴晒和室内紫外加速老化下的表面形貌和对金属保护性能的变化,初步探讨室外海洋大气暴晒和室内紫外人工老化试验的相关性。发现对于环氧涂层室内紫外人工老化降解的效果强于室外海洋大气天然老化,基于光泽测试的加速因子约为5;基于颜色和粉化率测试的加速因子都大于12。The outdoor-exposure test and indoor-accelerated ageing test were carried out,and a series of performance evaluations such as gloss,color,the degree of chalking,SEM and MCPDP were applied to test the transformation of the surface topography and protection properties of epoxy anticorrosion paint.The correlation between indoor-accelerated ageing test and outdoor-exposure test was discussed preliminary.It indicates that the results of degradation in the indoor-accelerated ageing test are greater than those in the outdoor-exposure test,the accelerating factor according gloss is about 5 and the accelerating factors according color and the degree of chalking are above 12

    SRL→Radl生成系统及其相关理论研究

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    形式化软件规约技术便于软件系统原型、分析、验证与最终的实现,是保证软件质量和提高软件生产率非常有用和重要的手段。但是形式化规约的获取是一项相当困难的任务,因此通过自动化转换获取形式化规约就显得尤为必要,这已经成为需求工程的重要问题之一。在形式化规约的获取任务中,另一个重要问题是形式化规约的正确性,&nbsp;即给定一个问题需求,往往可以获取多种不同形式的形式化规约,如何证明这些不同形式规约正确。本文的研究目标是针对问题需求自动化转换为形式化规约与形式化规约正确性这两个重要问题,一是研究从结构化需求语言SRL到形式化规约语言自动生成系统及其高可靠性理论,二是研究形式化规约的相对正确性问题。为了使研究工作与PAR方法及其支撑平台无缝衔接,本文使用Radl语言作为形式化软件规约语言。围绕研究目标,本文的具体研究内容与成果包括:1.为了减少或消除自然语言固有的歧义性,设计了一种受控自然语言--结构化需求语言(Structural&nbsp;Requirement&nbsp;Language,&nbsp;简称SRL)来描述问题需求。该语言词语、句型、语义和语用都受控,便于普通用户使用。具有功能强大、高度数据抽象和可扩充性、支持泛型机制、丰富的语料库、量词结构化等特点。2.&nbsp;为了描述结构化需求语言SRL与形式化软件规约Radl两个领域不同级别的形式化,并进一步刻画SRL语言与Radl语言之间的转换关系,通过深入分析,提炼出源语言SRL分析规则、目标语言Radl生成规则以及源语言SRL到目标语言Radl转换规则三组规则。使用基于规则的方法,将结构化需求语言SRL通过分析-转换-综合三阶段生成为形式化软件规约Radl。3.在基于规则的生成方法指导下,设计并实现了结构化需求语言SRL到形式化软件规约Radl的生成系统SRLtoRadl。使用自然语言处理(Natural&nbsp;Language&nbsp;Processing,&nbsp;简称NLP)的技术对生成系统SRLtoRadl词法分析、语法分析、语义分析中的诸多难点进行了处理。4.利用范畴论的基本概念:范畴、和(积)、外推(回拉)、余极限(极限)、函子(反变函子)、遗忘函子等,使用范畴论框架逐步的建立了SRLtoRadl生成系统生成过程的语义模型,它是SRLtoRadl生成系统高可靠性的理论基础。 5.提出一种基于形式化推导的方法来验证与确认同一问题不同形式规约,这是通过证明不同形式规约与问题需求某个最为直截明了的形式化规约Si等价来达到的,而Si使用PAR方法和PAR平台转换为可执行程序,通过测试已经得到确认。为了支持该方法,进一步提出了扩展的逻辑系统和辅助证明算法。Formal&nbsp;software&nbsp;specification&nbsp;techniques&nbsp;facilitate&nbsp;the&nbsp;prototype,&nbsp;analysis,&nbsp;verification&nbsp;and&nbsp;final&nbsp;implementation&nbsp;of&nbsp;software&nbsp;system.&nbsp;The&nbsp;employment&nbsp;of&nbsp;formal&nbsp;specification&nbsp;techniques&nbsp;in&nbsp;software&nbsp;development&nbsp;is&nbsp;very&nbsp;useful&nbsp;and&nbsp;important&nbsp;for&nbsp;improving&nbsp;quality&nbsp;and&nbsp;productivity&nbsp;of&nbsp;software.&nbsp;But&nbsp;formal&nbsp;specification&nbsp;acquisition&nbsp;is&nbsp;a&nbsp;quite&nbsp;difficult&nbsp;task,&nbsp;so&nbsp;the&nbsp;automatic&nbsp;conversion&nbsp;to&nbsp;acquire&nbsp;formal&nbsp;specification&nbsp;is&nbsp;particularly&nbsp;necessary,&nbsp;it&nbsp;has&nbsp;become&nbsp;one&nbsp;of&nbsp;important&nbsp;problem&nbsp;of&nbsp;requirement&nbsp;engineering.&nbsp;Another&nbsp;important&nbsp;problem&nbsp;is&nbsp;the&nbsp;correctness&nbsp;of&nbsp;acquired&nbsp;specification,&nbsp;i.e.,&nbsp;given&nbsp;a&nbsp;problem&nbsp;requirement,&nbsp;a&nbsp;variety&nbsp;of&nbsp;formal&nbsp;specifications&nbsp;will&nbsp;be&nbsp;acquired,&nbsp;how&nbsp;to&nbsp;prove&nbsp;them&nbsp;correctness.The&nbsp;research&nbsp;objectives&nbsp;aim&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;above&nbsp;two&nbsp;problems&nbsp;about&nbsp;automating&nbsp;conversion&nbsp;from&nbsp;problem&nbsp;requirement&nbsp;into&nbsp;a&nbsp;formal&nbsp;specification&nbsp;and&nbsp;formal&nbsp;specification&nbsp;correctness.&nbsp;This&nbsp;paper&nbsp;studies&nbsp;the&nbsp;automation&nbsp;generation&nbsp;system&nbsp;from&nbsp;Structural&nbsp;Requirement&nbsp;Language(SRL)&nbsp;into&nbsp;formal&nbsp;specification&nbsp;and&nbsp;its&nbsp;high&nbsp;reliablity&nbsp;theory.&nbsp;And&nbsp;study&nbsp;the&nbsp;relative&nbsp;correctness&nbsp;of&nbsp;formal&nbsp;specification.To&nbsp;make&nbsp;seamless&nbsp;transition&nbsp;between&nbsp;our&nbsp;research&nbsp;work&nbsp;and&nbsp;PAR&nbsp;method&nbsp;and&nbsp;its&nbsp;Platform,&nbsp;use&nbsp;Radl&nbsp;language&nbsp;as&nbsp;a&nbsp;formal&nbsp;software&nbsp;specification&nbsp;language.Focus&nbsp;on&nbsp;research&nbsp;objective,&nbsp;this&nbsp;paper's&nbsp;research&nbsp;contents&nbsp;and&nbsp;results&nbsp;include:1.&nbsp;In&nbsp;order&nbsp;to&nbsp;reduce&nbsp;or&nbsp;eliminate&nbsp;the&nbsp;inherent&nbsp;ambiguity&nbsp;of&nbsp;natural&nbsp;language,&nbsp;design&nbsp;a&nbsp;controlled&nbsp;natural&nbsp;language-&nbsp;Structural&nbsp;Requirement&nbsp;Language&nbsp;(SRL)&nbsp;to&nbsp;describe&nbsp;the&nbsp;problem&nbsp;requirement.&nbsp;Its&nbsp;words,&nbsp;grammars&nbsp;and&nbsp;structures&nbsp;are&nbsp;limited,&nbsp;easy&nbsp;to&nbsp;use&nbsp;by&nbsp;ordinary&nbsp;users.&nbsp;SRL&nbsp;has&nbsp;the&nbsp;following&nbsp;characteristics:&nbsp;power&nbsp;representation、highly&nbsp;data&nbsp;abstraction&nbsp;and&nbsp;scalableness,&nbsp;supporting&nbsp;generic&nbsp;mechanism,&nbsp;rich&nbsp;corpus,&nbsp;structured&nbsp;quantifiers&nbsp;and&nbsp;so&nbsp;on.2.&nbsp;In&nbsp;order&nbsp;to&nbsp;describe&nbsp;the&nbsp;different&nbsp;level&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;formalism&nbsp;between&nbsp;the&nbsp;two&nbsp;domains&nbsp;of&nbsp;SRL&nbsp;and&nbsp;the&nbsp;formal&nbsp;software&nbsp;specification&nbsp;Radl,&nbsp;and&nbsp;further&nbsp;express&nbsp;the&nbsp;conversion&nbsp;relation&nbsp;between&nbsp;SRL&nbsp;language&nbsp;and&nbsp;Radl&nbsp;language.&nbsp;Through&nbsp;deeply&nbsp;analysis,&nbsp;extract&nbsp;the&nbsp;analysis&nbsp;rules&nbsp;of&nbsp;source&nbsp;language&nbsp;SRL,&nbsp;the&nbsp;generation&nbsp;rules&nbsp;of&nbsp;target&nbsp;language&nbsp;Radl&nbsp;and&nbsp;the&nbsp;conversion&nbsp;rules&nbsp;from&nbsp;SRL&nbsp;to&nbsp;Radl.&nbsp;Using&nbsp;rule-based&nbsp;method,&nbsp;convert&nbsp;SRL&nbsp;into&nbsp;Radl&nbsp;by&nbsp;analysis-transformation-synthesis&nbsp;three&nbsp;stages.3.&nbsp;Under&nbsp;the&nbsp;guidance&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;rule-based&nbsp;generation&nbsp;method,&nbsp;design&nbsp;and&nbsp;implementation&nbsp;of&nbsp;generation&nbsp;system&nbsp;from&nbsp;SRL&nbsp;to&nbsp;Radl,&nbsp;called&nbsp;SRLtoRadl.&nbsp;Dealing&nbsp;with&nbsp;many&nbsp;difficulties&nbsp;in&nbsp;lexical&nbsp;analysis,&nbsp;syntax&nbsp;analysis,&nbsp;and&nbsp;semantic&nbsp;analysis&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;generation&nbsp;system&nbsp;SRLtoRadl&nbsp;by&nbsp;natural&nbsp;language&nbsp;processing&nbsp;(NLP)&nbsp;techniques.4.&nbsp;Using&nbsp;basic&nbsp;concepts&nbsp;of&nbsp;category&nbsp;theory:&nbsp;category、sum(product)、pull&nbsp;out(pull&nbsp;back)、colimit(limit)、functor(opposite&nbsp;functor)、forgetful&nbsp;functor&nbsp;and&nbsp;so&nbsp;on,&nbsp;establish&nbsp;the&nbsp;generation&nbsp;process&nbsp;semantic&nbsp;model&nbsp;of&nbsp;SRLtoRadl&nbsp;by&nbsp;category&nbsp;theory&nbsp;framework.&nbsp;It&nbsp;is&nbsp;the&nbsp;theory&nbsp;basis&nbsp;to&nbsp;ensure&nbsp;high&nbsp;reliability&nbsp;of&nbsp;generation&nbsp;system&nbsp;SRLtoRadl.5.&nbsp;Proposing&nbsp;a&nbsp;formal&nbsp;derivation&nbsp;method&nbsp;to&nbsp;verify&nbsp;and&nbsp;validation&nbsp;relative&nbsp;correctness&nbsp;of&nbsp;different&nbsp;forms&nbsp;of&nbsp;Radl&nbsp;specifications&nbsp;corresponding&nbsp;same&nbsp;problem.&nbsp;It&nbsp;achieves&nbsp;by&nbsp;proof&nbsp;the&nbsp;equivalency&nbsp;of&nbsp;different&nbsp;forms&nbsp;of&nbsp;Radl&nbsp;specifications&nbsp;and&nbsp;a&nbsp;certain&nbsp;formal&nbsp;specification,&nbsp;which&nbsp;is&nbsp;straightforward&nbsp;to&nbsp;problem&nbsp;requirement.&nbsp;Convert&nbsp;it&nbsp;into&nbsp;an&nbsp;execute&nbsp;program&nbsp;by&nbsp;PAR&nbsp;method&nbsp;and&nbsp;its&nbsp;platform,&nbsp;then&nbsp;the&nbsp;certain&nbsp;formal&nbsp;specification&nbsp;is&nbsp;validated&nbsp;by&nbsp;rigorous&nbsp;test.&nbsp;For&nbsp;derivation&nbsp;method,&nbsp;further&nbsp;put&nbsp;forward&nbsp;a&nbsp;tailored&nbsp;first-order&nbsp;predicate&nbsp;logic&nbsp;system&nbsp;and&nbsp;auxiliary&nbsp;proof&nbsp;algorithm.<!--EndFragment--

    Verifying the Correctness of Loop Optimization Based on Extended Logic Transformation System μTS

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    循环优化对于提高Cache性能、发掘程序的并行性以及减少执行循环的开销都有着重要的作用,证明带循环优化功能的现代编译器的正确性已成为可信编译的一个挑战性的问题.形式化证明一个羽翼丰满的优化编译器本质上是不可行的,可以使用替代的方法,即不是证明优化编译器本身,而是形式化证明每一次循环变换前后编译对象的正确性.提出一种新颖的基于扩展逻辑变换系统μTS来证明循环优化正确性的方法.系统μTS在逻辑变换系统TS的基础上扩展了若干条派生规则,经谓词抽象将源程序与目标程序转换为形式化Radl语言后,使用μTS的派生规则能证明常见循环变换的正确性,如循环融合、循环分配、循环交换、循环反转、循环分裂、循环脱皮、循环调整、循环展开、循环铺盖、循环判断外提、循环不变代码外提等.循环优化可以看作一系列循环变换的组合,从而系统μTS能证明循环优化的正确性.为了支持自动化证明循环优化的正确性并出示证据,进一步提出了一个辅助证明算法.最后通过一个典型实例对这一方法进行了详细的阐述,实际效果表明了该方法的有效性.该方法对设计高可信优化编译器具有重要的指导意义.江西省教育厅青年科学基金项目(GJJ09461)Loop optimization plays an important role in improving cache performance, making effective use of parallel processing capabilities, and reducing overheads associated with executing loops. Verifying the correctness of modern compilers with loop optimization is a challenge of trustworthy compiling. Formally verifying a full-fledged optimizing compiler is not feasible in nature. Rather than verifying the compiler itself, after every run of the loop transformation, formally verifing the target code produced is a correct translation of the source program. A novel approach is proposed to verify the correctness of loop optimization based on extended logic transformation system &mu;TS, which extends a number of derived rules from logic transformation TS. After converting source program and target code into formal language Radl by predicate abstracting, one can verify the correctness of common loop transformations using the derived rules of &mu;TS, such as loop fusion, loop distribution, loop interchange, loop reversal, loop splitting, loop peeling, loop alignment, loop unrolling, loop tiling, loop unswitching, loop-invariant code motion, etc. Loop optimization can be regarded as a series of loop transformation composition so that &mu;TS can verify the correctness of loop optimization. Furthermore, an aided certified algorithm is put forward in order to automatic verify the correctness of loop optimization and show its proof. Finally this approach is elaborated using one typical example. Practical effects manifest its effectiveness. This approach has important instructive significance in designing high-trusted optimization compiler

    一类0-1背包问题算法程序的形式化推导

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    0-1背包问题是经典的组合优化问题与NP完全问题,具有重要的应用价值与理论意义.本文使用PAR(Partition and Recurrence)方法形式化推导了0-1背包问题的高效动态规划算法程序.通过类比分析,该问题的若干变形问题的算法也可推导得到,算法通过PAR平台的自动生成系统转换成可执行语言程序并运行通过,保证了该类0-1背包问题算法的正确性和可靠性.本文主要的贡献是将PAR方法推广到能处理带约束条件的组合优化类问题,大大扩展了PAR方法的应用范围,为形式化开发高效高可信组合优化类算法开辟了一条新途径

    research on relative correctness of radl formal specification

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    在形式规格说明的获取任务中,一个重要问题是验证获取得到的形式规格说明的正确性.即给定一个问题需求P,往往可以获取多种不同形式的规格说明,如何验证这些不同形式的规格说明均正确?问题需求的非(半)形式化与形式规格说明的形式化两者之间差异的本性,使得该问题成为软件需求工程中一个具有挑战性的问题.提出一种基于形式化推导的方法来验证同一问题不同形式规格说明的相对正确性,通过证明不同形式规格说明与问题需求某个最为直截明了的形式规格说明Si等价来实现,而Si使用PAR方法和PAR平台转换为可执行程序,通过测试已经得到确认.为了支持该方法,进一步提出了扩展的逻辑系统和辅助证明算法.使用Radl语言作为形式规格说明语言,通过排序搜索、组合优化领域的两个典型实例对该方法进行了详细的阐述.实际使用效果表明,该方法不仅能够有效地验证Radl形式规格说明的正确性,还具备良好的可扩充性.该方法在规格说明的正确性验证、算法优化、程序等价性证明等研究领域具有潜在的理论意义与应用价值.国家自然科学基金重大国际(地区)合作与交流项目(61020106009)|国家自然科学基金(61272075)|江西省自然科学青年科学基金(201222BAB211030

    Pulse Combustion of Hydrocarbon Fuels in a Supersonic Model Combustor

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    主动冷却超燃冲压发动机一般使用碳氢化合物作为燃料,但是碳氢燃料存在点火延迟时间长,稳定燃烧范围窄等问题,这就迫切需要开展碳氢燃料点火和稳燃新方法的研究。脉冲燃烧可能是一种拓展超声速燃烧室工作范围的方式,但在超声速燃烧室内还没有开展相关研究。使用结构简单的脉冲火花塞(5Hz,50J/pulse),在马赫数2.5的直联式超声速燃烧室内,实验研究了乙烯和超临界煤油的超声速脉冲燃烧可能性、燃烧模式及影响因素。乙烯脉冲燃烧实验表明,在稳定燃烧范围以外存在脉冲燃烧,并能够提供有效的脉冲推力。乙烯脉冲燃烧主要存在于来流空气总温较低的条件下;随着总温的提高,脉冲燃烧将进一步引起稳定燃烧;当总温很高时,乙烯直接稳定燃烧,没有观测到脉冲燃烧现象。煤油的实验表明,本文所用的脉冲式能量补充无法实现超临界煤油的脉冲燃烧,煤油的脉冲燃烧可能需要更多的热量和自由基

    主动冷却超燃冲压发动机燃烧室内流道设计

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    在主动冷却超燃冲压发动机运行过程中,经过冷却系统后的燃料温度将超过临界温度,燃料将以超临界态与裂解小分子的形式进入燃烧室。与液态燃料相比,超临界态或裂解态燃料无需雾化、气化过程,油气混合水平高,因此,点火、稳焰、燃烧强度、燃烧效率与推力性能都大幅度提高。与液态燃料燃烧室相比,采用超临界态或裂解态燃料喷注的燃烧室流道设计具有特殊性,必须单独研究。超临界态或裂解态燃料燃烧强度大,释热集中,这就容易出现燃烧反压迅速向上游传播,引起发动机不起动的问题。如果降低局部喷油流量以防止反压过高,又会造成推力性能下降或局部当量比低于贫油稳焰极限而导致熄火问题。同事,燃烧过分集中,还会造成燃烧室壁面热流分布较大的..
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