生态学教学与提高大学生生态素质

我国社会、经济的发展和生态文明的建设都需要大批有较高生态素质的实用型人才。将大学生生态素质培养作为生态学教学的核心,是我国社会和经济发展、高校本科人才培养和课程体系改革、学生个人发展以及生态学自身特点的要求。在高校开展生态教育是提高大学生生态素质的重要途径之一。因此,高校应将大学生生态素质的培养作为贯穿生态学教学全过程的主线,不断调整生态学教学内容和教学方法,通过采取实例教学、课外教学和综合教学等教学方法,培养具有较高生态素质的当代大学生

红树林生态系统重金属污染的研究

国家自然科学基金!487029

The Definition of Mangrove Forest and Protection of Mangrove Wetland

红树林保护刻不容缓,但目前的保护现状并不乐观,尤其是在忽视其湿地本质和生态系统的情况下,单纯的有林地保护现象甚为突出。针对以上问题,从红树林名称入手指出红树林的林学渊源,理清概念,分析保护现状,并从生态系统的角度阐述了红树林湿地结构和功能的整体性,探讨和呼吁科学的管理和保护。Mangrove protection does not permit any delay, however, the current situation is not optimistic.Especially, ignorance of the nature of wetland ecosystem in mangrove plants protection is very prominent.To address this problem, the definition of mangrove forest and protection of mangrove wetland was described to explain the integrity of structure and functions of wetland from ecosystem point of view.Scientific approached to wetland management and protection was highlighted.我国近海海洋综合调查与评价(908专项)(NO:908-02-04-04

Comparative study on seasonal changes in element concentrations in leaves of Kandelia candel and Rhizophora stylosa at Jiulongjiang estuary

作者简介: 王文卿( 1971～ ) , 男, 浙江义乌人, 博士, 副研究员。主要从事植物抗盐生理生态学和耐盐植物资源的筛选研究。[中文文摘]研究了福建九龙江口秋茄 (Kandelia candel L.)和红海榄 (Rhizophora stylosa G.)成熟叶片 N、P、K、Na、Ca、Mg和Cl等元素含量的季节变化和元素间的关系。结果表明秋茄和红海榄同为红树科树种 ,生境相同且同属拒盐植物 ,但在元素积累及季节变化模式上存在较大差别。秋茄和红海榄叶片高盐分和 Ca含量及低 K/Na比 ,这是它们对盐渍生境的一种适应。秋茄无机渗透调节剂 (主要指 K+、Na+、Ca2 +、Mg2 +和 Cl- )含量夏季高于冬季 ,而红海榄与之完全相反。秋茄能够通过主动积累有机渗透调节剂来适应低温 ,而红海榄不能。对秋茄和红海榄抗寒机制进行了讨论.[英文文摘]The seasonal changes of N, P, K, Na, Ca, Mg and Cl concentrations in the mature leaves of Kandelia candel L. Druce and Rhizophora stylosa Griff at Jiulongjiang estuary were studied in the resent study , and the relationships among elements were discussed. Although K . candel and R. stylosa all belong to Rhiz ophor aceae and salt -exclusion types and occur on the same habitat , they were differ entin the patterns in terms of element accumulation and seasonal changes. T he leaves of K . candel and R. sty losa were rich in salt s and Ca, with lower K/ Na rat io , indicating K . candel and R. stylos a are adaptive to saline enviro nment s. The ino rg anic osmot ica ( K+ 、Na+ 、Ca2+ 、Mg 2+ and Cl- ) in warm season w er e hig her than that in cold seaso n in K . candel. Howev er , they wer e low er t han t hat in co ld season in R . sty losa. K . candel could accumulat eorganic osmot ica to adapt itself to low temperat ur e, but R. stylosa could not . The cold resist ant mechanisms of them were also discussed.国家自然科学基金资助项目 (No 3 9670 1 3 5

STUDIES ON THE NUTRIENT RETRANSLOCATION EFFICIENCIES DURING LEAF SENESCENCE

国家自然科学基金!资助课题(No.39670135

CHANGES IN THE CALORIC VALUES of KANDELIA CANDEL SEEDLINGS UNDER SALT STRESS

研究了盐胁迫强度对培养 1 70 d的秋茄 ( kAndElIA CAndEl)幼苗根、茎、叶和胚轴热值及灰分含量的影响。结果表明盐胁迫强度对胚轴的热值及灰分含量的影响不明显 ,而根、茎和叶的热值及灰分含量明显受基质盐度影响。低盐条件下 ,根、茎和叶的热值随盐胁迫强度的提高而提高 ,而高盐胁迫时又随盐胁迫强度的提高而下降 ,与根、茎和叶的最高热值相对应的基质盐度分别为 1 5‰、2 5‰和 30‰。盐度1 5‰左右是秋茄幼苗最适生长区。热值可作为植物抗盐性的生理指标之一。The paper deals with the influence of salinity on the changes in caloric values and ash contents of different parts of Kandelia candel seedlings cultivated for 170 days.The results indicate that the medium salinity had little influence on the caloric values and ash contents of hypocotyls other than those of root,stem and leaf.The caloric values of root,stem,and leaf increased with the salt stress at low salinity,and decreased with the salt stress at high salinity.The caloric values of root,stem and leaf reached the peak under the medium salinity of 15‰,20‰ and 25‰,respectively.The medium salinity of 15‰ was the upper limit for the normal living of K.candel The caloric value was a good physiological index for determining salt resistance of species.国家教委博士点基

ELEMENT DISTRIBUTION IN MANGROVES AND SALT-TOLERANT MECHANISM

对福建九龙江口的秋茄、白骨壤、桐花树、海南东寨港的海莲及广西英罗湾的红海榄 5种红树植物各器官K、Na、Ca、Mg和Cl等元素的分布特征进行了研究 ,并与陆生植物福建武夷山的甜槠进行比较。结果表明 :(1)红树植物体内存在一有效的盐分重新分配机制 ,各器官之间盐分含量差别较大 ,而甜槠植物体内Na分布相对比较均匀 ;(2 )这 5种红树植物主要是通过积累盐分来抵御生境高盐引起的渗透胁迫 ;(3)根系拒盐是所有红树植物最重要的排盐机制 ,在满足细胞渗透调节的前提下 ,保持地上部分器官较低的盐分浓度是所有红树植物的共同特点 ;(4 )拒盐红树植物 (秋茄、海莲和红海榄 )与泌盐红树植物 (桐花树和白骨壤 )除根系排盐效率上有所差别外 ,在植物体各器官元素积累及分配方面 ,没有明显的差异The distributions of K、Na、Ca、Mg and Cl in different organs of \%Kandelia candel, Aegiceras corniculatum\% and \%Avicennia marina\% from Jiulongjiang estuary of Fujian, \%Bruguiera sexangula\% from Dongzhai harbor of Hainan and \%Rhizophora stylosa\% from Yingluo bay of Guangxi were studied. A comparison was made between these five mangroves and terrestrial tree: Castanopsis eyrei from Wuyi mountains of Fujian. The results indicated: (1)A efficient element redistribution mechanism existed in the 5 mangroves. There were larger differences in element contents between different organs of mangroves, while sodium distributed equally in the different organs of \%C. eyrei.\% (2)The osmoregulation of 5 mangroves was mainly fulfilled by salt accumulation.(3)Salt exclusion by roots was the most important salt tolerant mechanism of all mangroves. Keeping lower salt contents in above ground organs was the common feature of all mangroves. (4)Except the efficiency in salt exclusion by roots, no apparent deficiencies in element accumulation and distribution could be found between salt excluders \%(K. candel, B. sexangula\% and \%R. stylosa)\% and salt secreters \%(Avicennia marina\% and \%Aegiceras corniculatum).\%国家自然科学基金资助项目 ( 3 9670 13 5

ABSORPTION AND ACCUMULATION of HEAVY METALS IN AEGICERAS CORNICULATUM MANGROVE FOREST IN THE ESTUARY of THE JIULONG RIVER IN FUJIAN

探讨了福建九龙江口桐花树红树林对Cu、PH、zn、Cd、Mn元素的吸收、累积及分布.结果表明：该林地土壤5种元素的储量关系为Mn＞zn＞PH＞Cu≥Cd；植物体不同部位，各元素含量有着明显的差异，含量范围分别为CH1.51~5.70、Pb1.30~10.70、zn18.0~100.1、Cd0.04~0.23和Mn15.5~237.5（W/10-6）；植物对土壤元素的富集系数大小依次为Cd＞zn＞Mn＞Cu＞PH；群落现存生物量中，Cu、Pb、zn、Cd、Mn元素的现存累积量分别为16.56、63.30、445.05、1.14和1656.93（ρA/Mg·M-2）.其中，地下部分别占70.2%、81.8%、76.2%、72.2%和82.1%；林地残留物相应元素的储量分别为211.11、184.00、1941.69、6.19和22248.31（ρA/μg·M-2）.Aborption,accurnulation and dsribtit on of Cu, Pb, Zn , Cd and Mn elements in Aegiceras corniculatum mangrove Forest in the estuary of the Jiulong River in Fujian were studied and the results showed that the storages of those elements in the soil of the Forest were Mn > Zn > Pb > Cu ≥ Cd ; the element contents in diFFerent plant perts were quite diFFerent, the ranges of the contents were Cu 1.51 ￣5.70, Pb 1.30￣ 10.70,Zn 18.0￣ 100.1,Cd 0.04 ￣ 0.23 and Mn 15.5￣ 237.5(w/ 10-5 ),and their storages in the standing crops of the community were 46.56 For Cu, 63.30 For Pb, 445.05 For Zn, 1.14 For Cd and 1 656.93 For Mn ((),of which the underground pert accounted For 70.2%, 81.8%, 76.2%, 72.2% and 82.1 %, respectively ; the accumulation ratio of the elements in plants to those in soil was Cd>Zn>Mn>CU >Pb; the storages of elements in the litter on Forest Floor were Cu 211.11, Pb 184.00 , Zn 1941.69,Cd 6.19 and Mn 22 248.3 1 ( ), respectively.国家自然科学基

Configuration and Selection of Salt-tolerant Landscaping Plant in the Gulf Boulevard of Xiamen

实地调查了厦门海湾大道的基本概况,分析讨论了厦门海湾大道园林植物应用现状,提出了厦门海湾大道园林植物选择的原则、适宜的耐盐园林植物种类和具体配置模式的设想,以期为海湾大道的绿化工作提供借鉴与参考.The author investigated the basic profiles of the Gulf Boulevard in Xiamen,analyzed and discussed the application present situation of landscaping Plants,offered the selecting principles,the appropriate salt-tolerant plant species and the idea of the specific configuration,with a view to provide the reference of the greening for the Gulf Boulevard in Xiamen

Energy signature technology and its application on energy flux in mangrove ecosystems:a review and outlook

传统上认为红树林输出的有机质产生巨大的能流,支持了巨大的河口和近岸水域生态系统的次级生产。但能量标签技术的研究结果却显示红树林输出的有机质的作用并没有如此巨大。用红树碎屑难消化特性来解释此现象,此外数学模型模拟分析发现潮汐的稀释作用也可以解释这种现象。但这两者都不能解释,在其他初级生产者稀少时,红树材输出的有机质可以被大量利用的现象。在有红树林的河口和近海岸水域生态系统中,藻类等非红树初级生产者具有比红树植物更高的初级生产力,而且更容易被动物获得和消化。可以认为是藻类等巨大初级生产力的竞争作用导致红树初级生产在消费者组织中很难被发现,如此上面提到的难题就能得到很好的解决。此外能量标签技术检测出的是红树的初级生产在消费者组织中的相对比率,不是绝对数量值,从此角度看,能量标签技术的结果与传统观点不是矛盾而是互相补充的关系。由此推测红树的初级生产应该还是被消费者所利用,只是它们在消费者初级营养来源组成中占的比例并不大,但其绝对数量并不少。这与传统观点认为的红树的初级生产被大量利用,支撑了具有巨大的次级生产稍有不同。此外,能量标签技术在红树林生态系统中的适用性尚未检验;计算食物组成的数学工具不是很完善;实验设计上考虑的不够全面;对定量研究有一定的影响。A central view of tropical estuarine ecology is that export of organic matter from mangroves represents a major energy pathway and support much of the secondary production of estuaries and nearshore waters. Nevertheless, recent results, especially those obtained using energy signature technology, contradict this paradigm. Overall, most studies found a limited role of mangrove detritus in estuarine food webs. Usually only animals collected inside mangrove swamps or in mangrove-lined waterways have depleted carbon isotopic signatures characteristic of mangrove detritus. These findings are explicable by the difficulty in assimilation of mangrove carbon and the dilution effect of the tides. These factors, however, cannot explain the heavy use of mangroves in estuarine habitats when other primary production sources are scarce.Algae and other primary production sources (e.g. seagrass) have much higher productivity than mangrove in estuaries and nearshore waters, and are easy to obtain and digest. So these alternative carbon sources and the complicated food web structure mask the nutrition role of mangroves. If this hypothesis is true then it could offer an explanation for the observation that mangrove litter is heavily used by consumers when other primary production sources are scarce, a phenomenon that cannot be explained by the difficulty in assimilation or tidal dilution. Energy signature technology addresses the relative contribution of mangroves to the consumer's carbon sources, not the biomass in numbers. Energy signature technology addresses the relative proportion of the assimilated carbon from mangrove to all the consumer carbon, not the biomass in numbers. The traditional view is that mangrove primary production supports large consumer biomass but not the relative proportion. With that in mind energy signature technology is not inconsistent with the traditional view but is complementary. We hypothesize that all of mangrove litter production is used by aquatic consumers. The mode of the use is, however, not in terms of dominance in the consumer(s tissue but small contributions to many individuals.One blemish of past isotopic studies is that none has directly tested the applicability of the approach to food web links between consumer and mangrove. Another blemish is that what isotopic data indicated was the proportion of the assimilated carbon from mangrove to all the consumer carbon, not its importance. For example algae could get into food webs directly through consumption by all kinds of fishes but mangrove litter must be consumed by crabs first and then perhaps by fish. So in fish tissue there will be much less carbon from mangrove than from algae if the initial primary production in terms of carbon mass of mangrove and algae is equal. Because the carbon mass of mangrove is much reduced after crab digestion and absorption. Digestion and absorption will affect the importance of different carbon sources too, but this issue has been ignored in past studies. The study of energy flux in mangrove ecosystems only focused on particulate organic matter but has ignored dissolved organic carbon (DOC), which is the dominant form of carbon exported from mangroves. N and P export is also important.It is apparent that mangrove litter is not the main source of primary production fuelling the food chains in estuaries and nearshore waters. Isotope signature technology is not yet a perfect tool for studying these trophic linkages, but the imperfection is in the details.国家自然科学基金资助项目(40376025)~