木瓜抗（耐）毒素病品種之選育及台農五號之繁殖

為選育抗（耐）輪點毒素病之木瓜新品種，以挽救本省木瓜生產事業，降低生產成本。本研究利用引種、選種、雜交、回交及利用胚培養以克服種間雜交不親和問題。經檢定選出的佛州種和哥斯達黎加種二個耐病強的品系為親本進行雜交育種，從其雜交後代選出二個耐病強的紅肉系統，再行互交，再經組合力檢定、品系比較試驗選出一耐毒素病強、生育強健、矮生早熟、結果部位低、果大豐產、抗蟲抗風、紫莖紅肉之木瓜新品系(85-3)，再經連續三年區域試作，對輪點毒素病均有優良表現，即使在嚴重病區且不套袋間作玉米情況下仍能栽培成功，共可越冬。於民國76年9月7日農林廳召開的新品種登記命名審查會議上正式通過命名為「台農五號」，並在本計畫下繁殖種子共15公斤，推廣栽植300公頃。惜「台農五號」因品質略遜於「台農二號」，今後除應繼續選育高品質之耐病品系以滿足消費市場所需外，利用胚培養克服種問雜交困難，或利用細胞融合、基因轉殖等技術以育成完全抗病且兼具優良園藝性狀之品種，方可真正徹底解決輪點毒素病之為害，重振本省木瓜事業

Review and Anticipation on Wax-apple in Taiwan

本省蓮霧近十年來由於浸水、幹基環狀剝皮、敲頭、斷根、剃光頭(強修剪)等耕作處理技術之開發對蓮霧提開花調節產期技術之突破，及蓮霧植株營養、土壤肥培管理、生長調節劑之應用等研究對蓮霧品質改進或提高催花效果之貢獻，不但使蓮霧產期提早半年，由過去的夏果變為冬、春果，品質也提高為”黑珍珠”或黑鑽石，成為果中珍品。另蓮霧果品加工利用及果園經營管理成本分析等亦於本文述及。 近年來由於植物生長調節劑及各種微量元素之普遍濫用於促進蓮霧果實發育、增大果形、抑制抽梢、提高品質、防止寒害等方面，有關機關應嚴格管制、抽驗並輔導教育農民正確之使用濃度、時期及使用方法。 今後除生產技術應精益求精，繼續研究發展，力求更上層樓外，今後應積極加強優良品種之選育，使品種多樣化、高級化；建立正確可靠之”花芽分化”簡易速測指標，以穩定及提高催花率，並使產期更提早或延後，冀能達到、周年生產，之最高境界；開發應用疏花(果)葯劑並建立省工栽培模式，輔導矮化栽培及經營機械化、管理省工化、以解決勞力不足、降低生產成本;加強用葯安全教育並鼓勵果實套袋、土壤改良及有機肥料之施用，並建立高品質蓮霧之土壤及葉片營養標單，以生產高品質且無污染之果品，確保國人健康；強化運銷作業、改進分級包裝、辦理共同運銷，以減少中間剝削;加強採收後處理及脖運技術之研究，冀能開拓外銷市場。 In the recent 10 years, the production of wax-apple in Taiwan has been improved greatly. Using the technique of cultivation such as waterlogging, girdling, trunk wounding, root-pruning, bald-cutting in order to promote early flowering and control the fruit production season have been success. Studies on plant nutrition, soil management, application of plant regulators have improved the fruit quality of wax-apple and enhanced the effectiveness of promoting flowering. Production season of wax-apple can be adjusted six monthes earlier than normal season and have changed the production season of wax apple from traditional summer to nowdays winter and spring. The quality of wax-apple has also improved greatly and the so call "black pearl" or "black diamond" wax-apple has become quite a precious fruit. The processing of wax-apple, and analysis of production cost, are also discussed on this paper. In the recent years, due to the abuse application of plant requlator and micro element have been strictly controlled and inspected, the correct application method, concentration and application time have been taught to farmers in order to improve fruit development, enlarge fruit size, inhibit growth shoots, prevent cold injury and increase quality. In the future, besides continuing to improve production technique, selecting of various better varieties, establishing a method to detect the flower bud differentiation for stabilizing precentage of flowering in order to have an earlier or a later production season and to reach year-round production, searching new thinning flower ( fruit ) chemicals, dwarfing trees by cultivation methods, sing mechanical practice to save labor and reduce production cost, educating farmers to use safe chemicals, organic fertilizer and bagging fruit are the ways to produce high quality and non-polluted fruits. Furthermore, strenghthening shipment and market distribution such as using communication distribution system to avoid-losing distribution benefit, strenghthening postharvest study and searching the technique for storage and shipment are the main subject to extend foreign market

Effects of Auxins on Shoot Growth and Fruit Quality of Wax-apple

以七年生蓮霧園爲材料，自十二月初起至六月底止，每半個月噴一次下列四種auxins: 2,4-D, 5, 10, 20 ppm; 2,4,5-T 5, 10, 20 ppm; 4-CPA 5, 10, 20 ppm; SNA 25, 50, 100 ppm各計14次。自一月起至六月底止共調查抽梢情形及品質分析各五次，初步結果顯示抽新梢對蓮霧果實之影響甚大，尤以大量抽稍後，尚呈紅嫩狀態時，因搶奪養分，致果皮顏色不紅，糖度低降，品質差。及至新梢生長停止，葉呈淺綠色後，皮色及糖度漸恢復正常。 四種auxins對抑制蓮霧抽梢及提高品質之效果，依使用濃度而異，在抑制抽梢方面：以2,4,5-T及SNA之頂梢數及枝幹數最少，新梢長最短，尤以2,4,5-T5 ppm及SNA 25 ppm對抑制運霧抽梢之效果最佳；2,4-D 5 ppm效果雖亦不錯，但有藥害，會造成嫩葉捲曲畸形，幼花序掉落，果皮色不紅，糖度低降。在果重、果長及果寬方面，初期各藥劑均有顯著增進效果，但後期則相反。在糖度及果皮色方面，4-CPA及SNA均有提高糖度及增力色澤之效，2,4,5-T效果不顯著，2,4-D反比對照差。 就旱花寒害落果之防止效果言，四種藥劑均甚有效，尤以2,4,5-T效果最好，可減少落果78.7%，其次爲4-CPA及2,4-D、可減少64.5~69.3%，再次爲SNA可減少23.7%；在濃度方面2,4-D、2,4,5-T及4-CPA均以10 ppm爲最佳，SNA則以50 ppm爲佳。 Seven-year-old wax apple trees were treated 14 times with the following auxins: 1). 2,4-D 5, 10, 20 ppm; 2). 2,4,5-T 5, 10, 20 ppm; 3). 4-CPA 5, 10, 20 ppm; 4). SNA 25, 50, 100 ppm; at half-month intervals during December-June period. The shoot growth of trees and fruit quality were investigated 5 times during January-June peirod. The preliminary results showed that the growing shoots affected the fruit quality. The fruits borne on trunks or shoots without significant elongation growth had better color and higher total soluble solid content than those on trunks or shoots with extensive sprouting and elongation. The effect of auxins on the growing shoots and fruit quality depends on their concentrations. In respect of inhibition of growing shoots, 2,4,5-T and SNA showed less and shorter terminal shoots as well as trunk shoots. Five ppm of 2,4,5-T and 25 ppm of SNA showed the best results for controlling shoot growth. Five ppm of 2,4-D inhibited shoot growth but it resulted in the injury of young expanding leaves, dull fruit color and low sugar content of fruits. In respect of fruit weight, length and width, all the chemicals showed beneficial effect in the initial period but deleterious afterward. In respect of fruit color and total soluble-solid content, 4-CPA and SNA showed beneficial effect, 2,4,5-T showed no significant effect and 2,4-D showed deleterious effect. All the chemicals prevented fruitlet abscission due to chilling injury, 2,4,5-T showed the best result and reduced 78.7% of fruit abscission. In respect of the concentration of chemicals 10 ppm of 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T and 4-CPA showed the best result