近25 a 银川市城市化进程中热力景观格局演变分析

Abstract： Based on the Landsat images and statistical data，in this paper the urbanization process and thermal landscape dynamics of Yinchuan City were analyzed． The objectives of this study were as follows: ① To analyze the spatial and dynamic characteristics of urban thermal landscapes based on the landscape pattern index; ② To assess the influence of the urbanization process on the thermal landscapes; ③ To understand the relationship between the land use pattern and the land surface temperature ( LST) based on the distribution index． The results showed that there was a significant heat-island effect in Yinchuan City，and the high temperature area was consistent with the built-up area and the unused land． LST declined from the downtown to the suburbs，and an obvious difference of the dynamic characters of the thermal landscapes could be identified at the different stages of urbanization． LST for various land use had obvious discrepancies，the mean LST for the land use types was in a descending order of unused land，construction land，green land and water body． Different land use types had different thermal distribution at different stages of urbanization． The land use pattern influenced the urban thermal environment，especially the spatial distribution of green land and unused land affected LST more significantly

智能制造刀具管理系统及刀具剩余寿命监测功能开发

伴随智能制造技术的深入推进,刀具管理系统的功能根据用户业务需求在不断拓展。针对工艺设计后的刀具选购、使用直至报废等环节,基于\"刀具流\"开发了一款智能制造刀具管理系统,更精确地实现了刀具使用过程的数字化、网络化、智能化和可视化全生命周期管理。鉴于目前刀具状态监测技术的复杂和可靠性低等问题,在工程应用上提出了一种基于被加工工件表面粗糙度间接预测刀具剩余寿命的方法。整个系统在现场得到了良好应用。2016年工信部智能制造综合标准化与新模式应用项目(工信部联装[2016]213号);;国家自然科学基金项目(51605403);;福建省产业技术联合创新专项(闽发改投资[2016]482号

Effects of Benzoapyrene Exposure on Hepatic GST Activity in Black Porgy(Sparus macrocephalus)and Variation Relationships with Hepatic Metabolic Enzymes and Biliary Metabolites

为探讨苯并[A]芘(b[A]P)暴露对鱼类的影响并筛选特异、敏感的生物标志物,研究了b[A]P对黑鲷(SPAruS MACrOCEPHAluS)肝脏谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(gST)活性的影响,并分析了肝脏7-乙氧基异吩唑酮-脱乙基酶(ErOd)、gST活性与胆汁中b[A]P典型代谢产物3-羟基-苯并[A]芘(3-OHb[A]P)3者之间及与b[A]P之间的剂量、时间-效应关系.结果显示:在b[A]P(0.5、1.0、2.0和5.0μg·l-1)暴露期间,肝脏gST活性随暴露时间总体呈“钟“形的变化趋势,在第2d时达到峰值;在第12H、1d和2d时,gST活性与b[A]P暴露浓度呈显著正相关(r12H=0.966(P<0.05)、r1d=0.953(P<0.05)、r2d=0.824(P<0.05)).与前期研究结果对比分析发现,b[A]P(0.5、1.0、2.0和5.0μg·l-1)暴露7d时,胆汁中3-OHb[A]P浓度与b[A]P暴露浓度呈显著的剂量-效应关系(r=0.943,P<0.05);黑鲷肝脏gST、ErOd活性与3-OHb[A]P的对数浓度均呈显著正相关(rgST=0.740(P<0.05)、rErOd=0.839(P<0.05));2.0μg·l-1b[A]P暴露后,黑鲷肝脏ErOd、gST活性与3-OHb[A]P随暴露时间的变化趋势基本相同,但并不完全一致.鱼类肝脏ErOd、gST与胆汁中b[A]P代谢产物3者之间的变化关系较为复杂,暴露浓度和时间是影响其变化的重要因素,肝脏gST和ErOd活性比胆汁中代谢产物更易受其影响,在b[A]P的环境监测中代谢产物可能是一种更为可行的生物标志物.Effects of benzoapyrene(BaP)exposure on the activity of glutathione S -transferase(GST)in black porgy (Sparus macrocephalus)liver was studied.The dose and time response of two enzymes (7-ethoxyresorufin O -deethylase (EROD) and GST)involved in BaP metabolism and the amounts of BaP metabolites excreted into the bile were investigated.Results showed that the time -response trend on of induction of hepatic GST of black porgy was bell -shaped with a plateau at BaP exposure for 2 days.A significant dose-related increase of the GST activity in liver was observed at the exposure time of 12h, 1d and 2d (R12h=0.966, p<0.05; R1d=0.9529, p<0.05; R2d=0.824, p<0.05).Compared with our former study, the induction of hepatic EROD, GST activities and biliary 3-OH BaP of black porgy were significantly induced by BaP (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 5.0μg·L-1)after exposure for 7 days and a significant dose -response relationship between 3-OH BaP and BaP was observed(R=0.943, p<0.05).After exposed to 2.0μg·L-1 BaP, similar variation trends of hepatic EROD, GST activities and biliary 3-OH BaP had been observed in black porgy, but those variations were not consistency with the time change completely.Those results demonstrated that the variation between hepatic metabolic enzymes and biliary metabolites were very complex.The exposure concentrations and exposure time were the most important factors which influence the variations of metabolic enzymes and metabolites.国家“863”项目(No.2007AA09Z126);国家自然科学基金项目(No.40106012;40476048;20777060);海洋公益性行业科研专项经费(No.200805090);国家海洋局青年基金(No.2008613);国家海洋局近岸海域生态环境重点实验室基金(No.200712

Pressure Measurement of Vacuum Insulation Panel with Infrared Spectroscopy

真空绝热板(VIP)主要是依靠其内部真空度来提高其绝热性能的,由于导热系数是表征真空绝热板绝热性能最重要的物性参数,准确测量出真空绝热板的导热系数,有助于将真空绝热板应用于需要绝热保温的场合并估算出其热负荷情况,为系统选择制冷设备或加热设备提供依据。在对真空绝热板真空度检测技术的研究中,本文致力于研究一种基于热红外技术的真空绝热板真空度检测方法,主要采用埋入热辐射器件、能量由外部无损耦合提供、使用红外热图像处理技术并结合电路控制系统等实现对真空绝热板的真空度检测。实验表明,红外检测技术用于测量真空度是可行的、检测速度快、检测结果可靠;对热红外检测技术的研究有利于推动国内真空度快速检测技术的发展。A novel technique has been successfully developed to non-destructively evaluate the pressure in the vacuum insulation panel( VIP),fabricated on industrial scale.In the newly-developed technique,the heat radiation device,embedded in the VIP and energized in non-contact mode by the lab-built,external power-supply,is capable of emitting infrared( IR) light.The internal pressure can be indirectly estimated via data analysis of the spectrum and image acquired with a digital IR camera.The impact of the time evolution of the pressure on the IR image was experimentally and analytically simulated.The preliminary results show that the newly-developed,IR pressure-probe is feasible to measure rapidly the VIP pressure with high reliability.Further improvement of its measurement accuracy was under way

Design and fabrication of uncemented femoral prosthesis using CAD/CAM/Robotic integration method

背景:生物型股骨柄假体无菌松动是全髋关节置换失败的主要因素,减少无菌松动的先决条件是增加股骨柄假体在股骨髓腔中的填充率。目的:得到定制式股骨柄假体在髓腔中的填充率,验证计算机辅助设计/计算机辅助制造/工业机器人加工(CAd/CAM/rObOTIC)集成方法和机器人磨削的有效性。方法:利用CT数据重建股骨髓腔三维模型,在此三维模型基础上设计股骨柄假体的柄体,依据标准直柄股骨柄假体近端模型设计股骨柄假体的其余部分。将设计的股骨柄假体模型导入CAd/CAM/rObOTIC集成系统生成机器人磨削轨迹,利用该轨迹对股骨柄假体进行磨削加工。将加工好的股骨柄假体与股骨髓腔匹配,分析股骨柄假体在髓腔中的填充率。结果与结论:实验结果表明,定制式股骨柄假体在髓腔中有良好的填充率,髓腔的解剖结构可以阻止股骨柄假体的扭转,获得股骨柄假体在髓腔中的稳定固定。BACKGROUND: In total hip replacements, aseptic loosening of uncemented femoral hip prosthesis is the main reason for the failure of artificial hip replacement, the prerequisite of reducing aseptic loosening of prosthesis is to increase filling area of femoral prosthesis in femoral cavity.OBJECTIVE: To obtain the filling rate of customized femoral prosthesis in femoral cavity and verify the validity of the methods of CAD/CAM/Robotic integration and the robot grind.METHODS: In this paper, the CT data of femur were used to reconstruct three-dimensional model of femoral cavity.According to this model, a custom uncemented femoral hip prosthesis was designed, then the model of this custom prosthesis was imported into the CAD/CAM/Robotic software to generate cut path.After the cut path was imported into the robotic controller, the custom prosthesis can be fabricated, then this custom prosthesis was inserted into the femoral cavity, and the filling result of the custom prosthesis in femoral cavity was analyzed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The experiment results showed that the customized prosthesis in femoral cavity achieved good filling result, the structure of femoral cavity resisted the rotation of the customized prosthesis in femoral cavity, and the customized prosthesis obtained stable fixation in the femoral cavity

2016年夏季南海海盆水体颗粒物粒径分布特征

颗粒物粒径分布（Particle Size Distribution,PSD）代表了颗粒物浓度与颗粒物粒径之间的关系,影响着海洋生态环境和水体光学特性等。文章基于2016年夏季航次调查的生物光学剖面数据,研究了南海海盆海域PSD的分布特征。研究发现,幂律函数可以较好地拟合南海海盆区域的PSD,对数空间中的实测的PSD与模拟的PSD平均决定系数高达0.95。PSD斜率（ξ）的分布范围为[1.27,7.65],均值为3.93±0.56。南海海盆区域表层水体的ξ均值与全球大洋表层水体的ξ均值相近,但高于海湾等表层水体的ξ均值。ξ能较好地表征颗粒物平均粒径DA的大小,两者存在明显负相关关系,即ξ值越高,DA越小;反之,DA越大。通过分析T1断面的生物光学剖面数据及总体平均的PSD剖面数据,发现PSD剖面分布特征如下:1)表层水体的ξ值相对较高,且DA值相对较低,推测可能是由于微微型藻类为主导颗粒物所致;2)ξ值极小值层出现在次表层叶绿素浓度极大值层（Subsurface Chlorophyll Maximum Layer,SCML）中,并伴随DA极大值层的出现,其原因可能是SCML中的大粒径浮游植物占比显著增加;3)弱光层中的ξ值较SCML中的高,但略低于表层的ξ值,而DA则位于表层与SCML的DA之间,这可能与浮游植物及其碎屑的絮凝、分解、沉降等过程相关。PSD特征影响着海水的固有光学特性,分析发现:由于SCML中的叶绿素浓度增加,颗粒物散射系数（bp（532））和颗粒物后向散射系数(bbp（532）)也相应呈现显著增加的趋势。弱光层中的平均bp（532）与平均bbp（532）最小。ξ与颗粒物衰减光谱斜率之间呈高分散性,Boss等（2001b）的模型适合用于粗略估算区域性的ξ分布范围及均值。国家自然科学基金(41576030,41431176,4176045,4176044,41376042);;热带海洋环境国家重点实验室自主研究项目(LTOZZ1602);;广州市科技计划重点项目(201504010034,201707020023,201607020041);;广东省科技计划重点项目(2016A020222008);;中科院A类先导专项(XDA11040302)~

光照条件对长苞铁杉种子萌发与幼苗生长的影响

2004-2006年研究了在不同光照下(100%,50%,25%,10%全日照)长苞铁杉(Tsuga longibracteata)种子萌发率、幼苗存活率、幼苗生物量及其分配比例和幼苗根与叶、生理特性。结果表明,50%全日照条件下,种子萌发率和幼苗存活率最高;幼苗根、茎、叶及总生物量最高;光照的增强促使生物量往地下分配以加强根部吸收水分的能力,并促使地上部分的生物量更多的分配到叶片生长上。随着光强的提高,幼苗叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量均呈下降的趋势,叶绿素a与叶绿素b比值和类胡萝卜素与总叶绿素比值呈上升趋势。在光强不超过50%时,随着光强的提高,幼苗叶片和细根的MDA含量、SOD和POD活性呈升高趋势;光照强度达到全日照时,叶片MDA含量、SOD和POD活性呈下降趋势。幼苗叶片和细根Pro含量在25%全日照时最低。50%全日照附近是长苞铁杉育苗的合适光照强度

广州戊型病毒性肝炎暴发株和散发株部分序列比较

目的了解广州某部新兵连戊型病毒性肝炎(戊型肝炎)暴发流行的分子病毒学特征,并与当地散发毒株比较,以查找病原可能来源。方法用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法,对抗HEV-IgM阳性的34例暴发性戊型肝炎及46例散发性戊型肝炎患者的血清和粪便标本进行HEVRNA检测,并对HEVRNA阳性标本的基因开放读码框(ORF)2部分片段进行克隆测序分析。结果34例暴发流行病例标本中检测出12株病毒,46例散发病例标本中检到2株。经克隆测序分析,各暴发毒株的核苷酸同源性为95.3%~100%;氨基酸同源性为94.0%~100%。且暴发毒株和散发毒株的核苷酸及氨基酸的同源性也较高,分别为95.3%~99.3%和94.0%~100%;暴发毒株和散发毒株与各型中的标准株相比,与Jap1株同源性最高,其核苷酸同源性为92.0%~95.3%,氨基酸同源性为96.0%~100.0%。进化树分析提示本次戊型肝炎暴发流行病毒株与戊型肝炎病毒基因Ⅳ型距离最近。结论本次戊型肝炎暴发流行的病原可能来于广州本地;广州地区戊型肝炎流行毒株属戊型肝炎基因型Ⅳ型

低温胁迫对长苞铁杉幼苗的生理影响

经模拟低温(-12、-8、-4、0、4℃)胁迫处理后,长苞铁杉幼苗叶片和根系相关生理指标均发生明显变化.随着温度降低,叶片光合色素含量增加,但反映光合活性强弱的Chla/Chlb降低;叶片中渗透调节物质脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量增加,呈极显著正相关(r=0.804,p<0.01),根系中可溶性糖含量的减少说明根对低温胁迫的渗透调节更依赖于脯氨酸的累积.幼苗在-4℃及更低温度胁迫下受到严重的冻害使SOD活性持续下降,叶片中POD活性与SOD活性变化呈极显著负相关(r=-0.908,p<0.01),但根系中POD活性与SOD活性没有相关性,说明长苞铁杉幼苗对抗外界胁迫机理的复杂性.叶片MDA含量比根系低可能与叶片中Car能缓解1O2对细胞的伤害有关

Effects of Benzo［a］pyrene Exposure on Hepatic GST Activity in Black Porgy（Sparus macrocephalus）and Variation Relationships with Hepatic Metabolic Enzymes and Biliary Metabolites

[摘要]：：为探讨苯并［a］芘（B［a］P）暴露对鱼类的影响并筛选特异、敏感的生物标志物，研究了B［a］P 对黑鲷（Sparus macrocephalus）肝脏谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶（GST）活性的影响，并分析了肝脏7-乙氧基异吩唑酮-脱乙基酶（EROD）、GST 活性与胆汁中B［a］P 典型代谢产物3-羟基-苯并［a］芘（3-OH B［a］P）3 者之间及与B［a］P 之间的剂量、时间-效应 关系. 结果显示：在B［a］P（0.5、1.0、2.0 和5.0μg·L-1）暴露期间，肝脏GST 活性随暴露时间总体呈“钟”形的变化趋 势，在第2d 时达到峰值；在第12h、1d 和2d 时，GST 活性与B［a］P 暴露浓度呈显著正相关（R12h=0.966（p<0.05）、R1d= 0.953（p<0.05）、R2d=0.824（p<0.05））. 与前期研究结果对比分析发现，B［a］P（0.5、1.0、2.0 和5.0μg·L-1）暴露7d 时， 胆汁中3-OH B［a］P 浓度与B［a］P 暴露浓度呈显著的剂量-效应关系（R=0.943，p<0.05）；黑鲷肝脏GST、EROD 活性 与3 -OH B［a］P 的对数浓度均呈显著正相关（RGST=0.740（p <0.05）、REROD=0.839（p <0.05））；2.0μg·L-1 B［a］P 暴露 后，黑鲷肝脏EROD、GST 活性与3-OH B［a］P 随暴露时间的变化趋势基本相同，但并不完全一致. 鱼类肝脏EROD、 GST 与胆汁中B［a］P 代谢产物3 者之间的变化关系较为复杂，暴露浓度和时间是影响其变化的重要因素，肝脏GST 和EROD 活性比胆汁中代谢产物更易受其影响，在B［a］P 的环境监测中代谢产物可能是一种更为可行的生物标志物.[Abstract]:Effects of benzo［a］pyrene（B［a］P）exposure on the activity of glutathione S -transferase（GST）in black porgy （Sparus macrocephalus）liver was studied. The dose and time response of two enzymes （7 -ethoxyresorufin O -deethylase （EROD） and GST）involved in B［a］P metabolism and the amounts of B［a］P metabolites excreted into the bile were investigated. Results showed that the time -response trend on of induction of hepatic GST of black porgy was bell -shaped with a plateau at B［a］P exposure for 2 days. A significant dose -related increase of the GST activity in liver was observed at the exposure time of 12h, 1d and 2d （R12h=0.966, p<0.05; R1d=0.9529, p<0.05; R2d=0.824, p<0.05）. Compared with our former study, the induction of hepatic EROD, GST activities and biliary 3-OH B［a］P of black porgy were significantly induced by B［a］P （0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 5.0μg·L-1）after exposure for 7 days and a significant dose -response relationship between 3-OH B［a］P and B［a］P was observed（R=0.943, p<0.05）. After exposed to 2.0μg·L-1 B［a］P, similar variation trends of hepatic EROD, GST activities and biliary 3-OH B［a］P had been observed in black porgy, but those variations were not consistency with the time change completely. Those results demonstrated that the variation between hepatic metabolic enzymes and biliary metabolites were very complex. The exposure concentrations and exposure time were the most important factors which influence the variations of metabolic enzymes and metabolites.：国家“863”项目（No. 2007AA09Z126）；国家自然科学基金项目（No. 40106012；40476048；20777060）；海洋公益性行业 科研专项经费（No. 200805090）；国家海洋局青年基金（No. 2008613）；国家海洋局近岸海域生态环境重点实验室基金（No. 200712