Field Studies on Intrastream Nitrification in an Agricultural Headwater Catchment, South Fujian Province

人类活动对地球系统的影响迅速扩大，过量的施肥、化石燃料等人类活动带来的氮负荷问题日益严重。陆地和水生态系统的氮素饱和后，过量的氮素通过地表径流和地下径流排入溪流、湖泊、河流和海洋中。溪流直接迁移了流域系统过多的氮素，溪流内部是否存在活泼的生物地球化学作用存在着争议。目前，国外一些地区的研究显示溪流内部的硝化作用对水生态系统中NO3-核算有重要影响。相对于国外研究区域，中国农业源头流域有不同土地利用、流域地形、水文等情况，有必要结合当地的流域特征进行研究。五川流域的氮素循环已经进行了长期的定位研究，内容包括地表径流氮磷的流失特征分析、流域氮收支的估算、流域土壤氮矿化及反硝化等，并初步分析了溪流氮...Excessive reactive nitrogen fertilization additions from human activities have resulted in serious problems for many regions of the earth. As terrestrial ecosystems become saturated with N, excess N moves with surface runoff and groundwater flow to streams, lake, river and coastal oceans. Headwater streams convey water and nutrients to larger streams. However, there exists dispute whether there ar...学位：理学硕士院系专业：海洋与环境学院海洋学系_环境科学学号：2005130228

Nitrogen transports and transformations in the Wuchuan headwater stream

利用氮稳定同位素法、综合常规水样监测以及微环境培养方法探讨了五川农业溪流沿程氮的迁移转化过程。结果表明,溪流沿程nO3-n浓度变化范围为0.5--4.5 Mg l-1,平均为1.26 Mg l-1,且多数月份总体上呈逐渐升高的趋势,同时nO-3的δ15n存在降低趋势,两者呈线性负相关(r2>0.80),表现明显的硝化过程典型特征。各采样点的nO2-n、dO、dOC浓度与nO3-n也存在一定的线性相关关系,说明了硝化过程的发生和氮在不同形态之间的转化。溪流水体微环境培养实验证明了水体中的nH4-n和nO3-n浓度在培养期内并无明显变化,以上数据和相关关系充分表明了流域沿程地表径流氮素输入和溪流系统沉积物和水体界面的硝化过程共同作用可能是五川溪流沿程nO3-n与nH4-n浓度升高,而nO-3的δ15n值减小的主要原因。因此,在农业流域的污染源评价中,需要重新审视和调查河道系统内部氮的转化和贡献。Nitrogen isotope and traditional water sampling,together with microcosm incubations were used to investigate processes of nitrogen downstream transports and transformations within the Wuchuan stream.Results showed NO3-N concentrations varied downstream ranging from 0.5 to 4.5 mg L-1 for most of sampling months with a mean of 1.26 mg L-1 in the stream.However,nitrate isotope δ15N decreased downstream,comparing to increased trend in NO3-N concentration.The relationship between downstream NO3-N concentrations and nitrate δ15N with a R2 exceeding 0.8 can be characterized as a typical process of nitrification.The relationships between NO3-N concentrations and NO2-N,dissolved oxygen,dissolved organic carbon concentrations for the sampling sites also indicated strong nitrification processes and consequent nitrogen transformations between nitrogen forms in the stream.Microcosm study of surface water from the stream showed that no significant change in NH4-N and NO3-N concentrations occurred during the five-day incubations.All the information and relationships showed that the downstream increases in NH4-N and NO3-N concentrations, and the downstream decreases in nitrate δ15N within the stream obviously resulted from the nitrogen input from surface runoff flowing into the channel,and also nitrogen transformations by nitrification occurred between stream sediment and overlying water within the channel.Therefore,it is essential to take the sources from nitrogen transformations within streams into account and to evaluate their contributions in pollution assessments at catchment scales.国家自然科学基金资助项目(40671116);福建省自然科学基金重点资助项目(D0720002);国家教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划资助项目;福建省高校新世纪优秀人才支持计划资助项目;厦门市科技计划指导性资助项目(3502Z20077014

Case Study on Quantitive Assessment of Demonstrative Industrial Project Model for Circular Economy

依据循环经济项目的定量评估系统,选取13项公共指标及2项选评指标,对厦门市狐尾山污水林地生态处理工程项目进行示范性评估.根据循环经济的特点,该项目属于减排型和循环再利用型.即能达到污水零排放和污水100%的循环再利用,削减进入厦门海域的污水排放量,有利于裸露山体绿化改造,还能产生一定的经济效益.对所选择的指标进行打分和评估,并使用加权平均法,计算狐尾山污水处理生态工程循环经济综合评价值,该工程的综合评价值为89.6分,表明项目具有较高的循环经济示范性,发展潜力大.Based on the quantitive assessment system of demonstrative industrial project model for circular economy.Thirteen common and two other indices were selected to assess a project of sewage disposal on mountain woodland at Huwei Mountain in Xiamen.The project can be characterized into pollution reduction and cyclic uses of resource and can increase the green cover,improve the mountain environment, and 100% reuse the domestic sewage without any discharges into coastal sea.The project were scored and assessed through a method of experts′ scoring and summarized using weighted average method for all indices of the Huwei Mountain sewage disposal project.The comprehensive score of the project is 89.6,and the result indicated that the project have relative high potential for demonstration.国家自然科学基金资助项目(40671116);; 福建省自然科学基金计划资助项目(D0720002);; 教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目(教技司[2007]209号);; 福建省高校新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目(闽教科[2006]35号

Study on Quantitive Assessment of Demonstrative Industrial Project Model for Circular Economy

结合现有的循环经济评估理论,突出循环经济的特点,建立循环经济项目示范性评估系统.该系统包括评估的指标体系、指标评价的标准系统及评估方法.其中,评估指标体系分为公共指标和类别指标两类,以反应节能降耗型、污染减排型、循环再利用型和生态型4种不同循环经济类型的特点.同时,选择功效系数法,将厦门市15家企业,涉及14个行业的循环经济项目的指标原值转换为指标评估值,对评估值用线性加权求和的方法,得出其综合评估值.结果表明,应用该系统可满足15家不同类型企业循环经济项目示范性的评估要求,系统是可行和有效的.Based on the current theories and properties of circular economy,a quantitive assessment system of demonstrative industrial project model for circular economy is proposed.This system includes an indicator system,assessment criteria and method,and is an important base of quantitive assessment and monitor for demonstrative industrial project model for circular economy.In the assessment system,the indicators are first divided into two categories: public and classified indicators in reflect to assessment of energy savings,pollution reduction,cyclic resource use,and ecological types of circular economy.Fifteen different enterprises relating to fourteen types of industries are selected as case studies for circular economical assessments in Xiamen.The original value of each indicator of those enterprises is transformed based on an efficacy coefficient method,then,a comprehensive evaluation value is summarized with a linear weighted method.The results showed the established assessment system is feasible and effective when assessing these fifteen different enterprises from Xiamen municipality.国家自然科学基金资助项目(40671116);; 福建省自然科学基金计划资助项目(D0720002);; 教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目(教技司[2007]209号);; 福建省高校新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目(闽教科[2006]35号

沉积物及水界面硝化与反硝化作用研究

河道是迁移转化来自陆源N素迁移的重要途径。准确测定河道中硝化、反硝化作用对流域N的收支平衡核算有重要意义。本文分析了河道中沉积物-水界面硝化、反硝化作用的原理并分析讨论了N2通量法、15N同位素法、抑制剂法的优缺点。建立科学、合理的实验方法将进一步完善流域N循环研究机制,为建立科学的流域管理措施提供技术支持。国家自然科学基金(40671116);; 福建省自然科学基金重点项目(D0720002);; 教育部和福建省高校新世纪优秀人才支持计划资

Measurement of the Ocean and Coastal Economy:Theory and Methods

美国全国海洋经济项目（NOEP）的总目标是：(1)全面收集和汇编美国海洋和海岸带资源经济价值数据；（2）定义并阐述海洋经济和沿海经济。关于“海洋经济”，我们采用《海岸带管理法》概念中包括五大湖的“海岸带”定义，因而也包括海洋。译者单位：国家海洋信息中心海洋经济部（300000）