Near-atomic cryo-electron microscopy structures of varicella-zoster virus capsids

VZV是一种广泛存在并且具有高度传染性的人类α-疱疹病毒。初次感染VZV可导致水痘，人群普遍易感（感染率约为61%～100%）。该病毒可在背根神经节潜伏感染，持续终生。夏宁邵教授团队长期开展VZV相关基础与新型疫苗研究，通过系统和精细探索建立了高效的VZV规模化培养和病毒颗粒纯化技术体系，成功获得高质量的VZV颗粒样品。首次揭示了疱疹病毒α家族的水痘-带状疱疹病毒（VZV）不同类型核衣壳的近原子分辨率结构，阐明了VZV核衣壳不同组成蛋白的相互作用网络与衣壳装配机制，可为进一步开展新型载体疫苗设计及抗病毒药物等研究提供重要支持。 我校博士后王玮、高级工程师郑清炳、博士生潘德全和俞海副教授为该论文共同第一作者，我校夏宁邵教授、程通副教授、李少伟教授以及美国罗格斯大学朱桦（Hua Zhu）教授、加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校周正洪（Z. Hong Zhou）教授为该论文的共同通讯作者。【Abstract】Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a medically important human herpesvirus that causes chickenpox and shingles, but its cell-associated nature has hindered structure studies. Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy structures of purified VZV A-capsid and C-capsid, as well as of the DNA-containing capsid inside the virion. Atomic models derived from these structures show that, despite enclosing a genome that is substantially smaller than those of other human herpesviruses, VZV has a similarly sized capsid, consisting of 955 major capsid protein (MCP), 900 small capsid protein (SCP), 640 triplex dimer (Tri2) and 320 triplex monomer (Tri1) subunits. The VZV capsid has high thermal stability, although with relatively fewer intra- and inter-capsid protein interactions and less stably associated tegument proteins compared with other human herpesviruses. Analysis with antibodies targeting the N and C termini of the VZV SCP indicates that the hexon-capping SCP—the largest among human herpesviruses—uses its N-terminal half to bridge hexon MCP subunits and possesses a C-terminal flexible half emanating from the inner rim of the upper hexon channel into the tegument layer. Correlation of these structural features and functional observations provide insights into VZV assembly and pathogenesis and should help efforts to engineer gene delivery and anticancer vectors based on the currently available VZV vaccine.This research was supported by grants from the National Science and Technology Major Projects for Major New Drugs Innovation and Development (no. 2018ZX09711003-005-003), the National Science and Technology Major Project of Infectious Diseases (no. 2017ZX10304402), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 81871648, 81601762), the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (no. 2019RU022) and the US National Institutes of Health (DE025567/028583). 该研究获得了国家自然科学基金、新药创制国家科技重大专项和传染病防治国家科技重大专项等资助

WOX转录因子家族研究进展

WOX转录因子家族是植物特有的一个转录因子家族,其特征序列是含有一个由65个氨基酸残基组成的同源异型结构域;根据系统进化关系,该家族转录因子可以划分为3支:远古支、中间支和WUS支。该家族基因最早从绿藻单起源,远古支是该家族中最古老的一支。已有的研究表明,该家族基因在植物发育关键时期,如胚的形成、干细胞稳定性和器官的形成过程中发挥重要调控作用。这些功能的发挥与他们能够促进细胞分裂或阻止未成熟细胞的提前分化密不可分。本文对近年来WOX基因家族的研究进展进行了总结,为深入研究WOX基因在植物生长发育调控以及逆境适应过程中的作用机制提供参考。此外,WOX基因在植物叶片发生、叶型发育等形态建成方面的关键调控作用,对提高作物地上部分的生物量,培育高产牧草新品种具有十分重要的指导意义

PolSAR image classification using a semi-supervised classifier based on hypergraph learning

National Natural Science Foundation of China [61100104]; Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University [NCET-12-0323]; Hong Kong Scholar Programme [XJ2013038]This letter presents a novel semi-supervised method based on hypergraph learning for polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) image classification. Compared with the classic support vector machine, simple-graph learning, k-nearest neighbour (k-NN) and semi-supervised discriminant analysis (SDA) classifiers, the proposed method achieves better performance with fewer labelled points for PolSAR imagery. A hyperspectral image is used for comparison with use of PolSAR imagery, and the proposed method is found to be inferior to k-NN and SDA for the hyperspectral image. The performance of our method is evaluated in single, dual and full-polarization cases, respectively. The results demonstrate that the performance of our method in the full-polarization case is superior to that in either single or dual-polarization case

Research of service-oriented geological hazard management system at county level(面向服务的县级地质灾害管理系统研究)

为了加强基层地质灾害管理部门的质灾害防治工作，有效进行地质灾害应急指挥和开展全民群测群防工作，基于WebGIS技术、分布式海量数据管理技术以及移动互联网技术，设计了面向服务的县级地质灾害管理系统，能够满足面向基层地质灾害管理部门和社会公众的不同需求.该系统采用内外网物理隔离的拓扑结构，既能保证数据更新的便捷性，又能保证数据存储的安全性；同时可为基层地质灾害管理部门、地质灾害调查人员及社会公众等应用对象提供地质灾害动态信息管理、灾害发生应急指挥、灾害调查自动化办公、灾害信息查询及预警发布等多元服务；既满足了基层地质灾害管理与防治工作的需求，又能引导社会公众参与地质灾害群测群防体系.该系统已在浙江省文成县成功应用

Pairwise Three-Dimensional Shape Context for Partial Object Matching and Retrieval on Mobile Laser Scanning Data

A novel pairwise 3-D shape context for partial object matching and retrieval is developed for extracting 3-D light poles and trees from mobile laser scanning (MLS) point clouds in a typical urban street scene. Unlike the single-point shape context describing only the local topology of a shape, the pairwise 3-D shape context can simultaneously model the local and global geometric structures of a shape in manifold space. By using histogram descriptors, the pairwise 3-D shape context has such characteristics as invariance to scale, invariance to orientation, and partial insensitivity to topological changes. Our results show that 3-D light poles and individual trees can be extracted from the RIEGL VMX-450 MLS point clouds and the performance achieved using our algorithm is much more accurate and effective than those of the other two existing algorithms

Automated Detection of Road Manhole and Sewer Well Covers From Mobile LiDAR Point Clouds

Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Natural Science Foundation of China [61371144]A novel object detection algorithm is developed for automatically detecting road manhole and sewer well covers from mobile light detection and ranging point clouds. This algorithm takes advantage of a marked point process of disks and rectangles to model the locations of manhole and sewer well covers and their geometric dimensions. A reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm is implemented for simulating the posterior distribution obtained using a Bayesian paradigm. The detection results obtained from the road surface point clouds acquired by a RIEGL VMX-450 system show that the manhole and sewer well covers can be detected automatically and accurately. The performance achieved using the proposed algorithm is much more accurate and effective than those of the other three existing algorithms

BMI与急性缺血性卒中静脉溶栓患者院内结局的关系——基于中国卒中中心联盟登记数据库的分析（The Relationship between BMI and In-Hospital Outcomes in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke Undergoing Intravenous Thrombolysis: An Analysis Based on the China Stroke Center Alliance Registry Database）

目的 探讨接受静脉溶栓治疗的急性缺血性卒中（acute ischemic stroke，AIS）住院患者的BMI与其院内结局的关系。 方法 基于中国卒中中心联盟（China Stroke Center Alliance，CSCA）登记数据库，纳入2015年8月—2022年12月接受静脉溶栓治疗的AIS患者作为研究对象，分析患者BMI及体重的变化趋势。根据患者的BMI，将其分为体重过低（BMI＜18.5 kg/m2）、体重正常（18.5 kg/m2≤BMI＜24 kg/m2）、超重（24 kg/m2≤BMI＜28 kg/m2）和肥胖（BMI≥28 kg/m2）4组，分析BMI与患者院内结局（缺血性卒中复发和全因死亡）的关系。 结果 本研究共纳入154 503例接受静脉溶栓治疗的AIS住院患者，平均体重为（65.23±12.46）kg，平均BMI为（23.67±4.27）kg/m2，其中，超重和肥胖患者共67 760例（43.86%）。多因素logistic回归分析显示，体重过低是AIS患者院内死亡的独立危险因素，相较于体重正常患者，体重过低患者的院内死亡风险增高（校正OR 1.160，95%CI 1.057～1.273，P=0.002），超重组和肥胖组与体重正常组的院内死亡率差异无统计学意义。不同BMI组的院内复发率差异无统计学意义。 结论 本研究中接受静脉溶栓治疗的AIS患者超重或肥胖率较高，体重过低是患者院内死亡的独立危险因素。Abstract: Objective To explore the relationship between BMI and in-hospital outcomes in hospitalized patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) treated with intravenous thrombolysis. Methods Based on the China Stroke Center Alliance (CSCA) registry database, AIS patients who received intravenous thrombolysis from August 2015 to December 2022 were included as the study subjects to analyze the trends in BMI and body weight. According to their BMI, the patients were divided into four groups: the underweight (BMI＜18.5 kg/m2) group, the normal weight (18.5 kg/m2≤BMI＜24 kg/m2) group, the overweight (24 kg/m2≤BMI＜28 kg/m2) group, and the obese (BMI≥28 kg/m2) group. The relationship between BMI and in-hospital outcomes (ischemic stroke recurrence and all-cause mortality) was analyzed. Results A total of 154 503 hospitalized AIS patients who received intravenous thrombolysis were included in this study, with an average body weight of (65.23±12.46) kg and an average BMI of (23.67±4.27) kg/m2. Among them, 67 760 (43.86%) patients were classified as overweight or obesity. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that underweight was an independent risk factor for in-hospital death in AIS patients. Compared with normal weight patients, underweight patients had an increased risk of in-hospital death (adjusted OR 1.160, 95%CI 1.057-1.273, P=0.002). There was no statistically significant difference in in-hospital death rates among the overweight group, the obese group, and the normal weight group. Additionally, there was no statistically significant difference in in-hospital recurrence rates among different BMI groups. Conclusions In this study, AIS patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis exhibited a high rate of overweight or obesity. Moreover, underweight was an independent risk factor for in-hospital death