Discrepancies between patients’ and pharmacists’ perceptions of the role of community pharmacists as advisors on the use of pharmaceuticals in Japan: A comparison prior to and following revision of the Pharmacists’ Act

Objectives:In 2014, immediately prior to the revision of Article 25-2 of the Pharmacists’ Act, we conducted a survey on pharmacists’ and patients’ perceptions of pharmacists’ roles. A role discrepancy between the two was identified. The objective was to examine changes in role perceptions and awareness of pharmacists as medication specialists following revision to the Pharmacists’ Act.Methods:The survey was conducted using an Internet-based questionnaire. A total of 469 patients and 354 pharmacists responded to 12 questions about the perceived roles of pharmacists.Results:Analysis revealed that the only evaluation that changed as a result of revisions was pharmacists’ role as “family or regular pharmacist,” with scores dropping by about half. As in 2014, the high rating rate for pharmacists surpassed the high rating of patients for all other items. The greatest discrepancy in role perception was observed for the same three items (“Understanding the effects of the drugs the patients are taking,” “Understanding the health changes caused by the drugs dispensed to the patients,” and “Consciously protecting patients from the adverse effects of drugs”) as 2014.Conclusion:A major role discrepancy continues to exist between patients and pharmacists, and it is necessary for pharmacists to take on a more advanced role in patient care. Results suggest that pharmacists must monitor changes in patients’ lifestyles and provide clear explanations for patients to rate them highly as medication specialists.This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage)

黄淮海平原农区典型村庄用地扩展及其动力机制

以地处黄淮海平原农区的禹城市伦镇赵庄村为典型案例,利用高分辨率航空遥感数据为基本信息源,结合村庄逐户调查数据,通过土地利用分类与制图,定量研究典型村庄用地格局特征、扩展模式及其动力机制。结果表明:赵庄村土地利用呈"耕地—作业空间—居住空间"的圈层式空间格局。2008年村庄用地规模比1967年增加了1.26倍,主要表现为宅基地的扩展和打谷场用地增长,1985～1990年村庄用地扩展速度最快,村庄用地在空间上向西和向南方向扩展显著。村庄用地扩展主要表现为渐进式蔓延扩展、突变式非地扩展和填充式补充扩展三个阶段。国家自然科学项目(40635029,41001109);国家“十一五”科技支撑计划项目(2008BAJ08B03

中国粮食生产与耕地变化的时空动态

【目的】揭示1990-2005年中国粮食生产与耕地变化的时空动态特征,以及粮食生产对于耕地变化的敏感性。【方法】构建重心拟合模型和敏感度分析模型,对比分析耕地面积重心和粮食产量重心动态关系。【结果】中国粮食生产重心和耕地分布重心在空间上均表现为"北进中移"的态势,在移动方位上大致具有同向性。耕地重心沿着"西北—西南—东北"的轨迹共移动了17.3km,粮食产量重心沿着"东北—西南—东北"的轨迹移动了223.3km,两个重心之间的距离和粮食产量大致呈反向变化。当两者距离拉近时,粮食产量减少,当两者距离增大时,国家自然科学重点项目(40635029;40871257);国家“十一五”科技支撑计划重点项目(20006BAB15B05

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非农就业后农户如何利用农地资源成为决定粮食安全与农民增收的关键。基于生产决策理论剖析了不同情境下农户非农就业对农地租赁行为的影响,并采用东部沿海地区599个农户调查数据进行了检验。结果表明:①有剩余劳动力与无剩余劳动力情景,农户非农就业对农地租赁行为的影响并不一致;②非农就业改变家庭要素禀赋结构与劳动力相对报酬,进而影响农地租赁行为;③东部沿海地区农地租赁行为响应是非农就业特征与外部环境综合作用的结果,其中非农就业规模、非农就业区位、非农就业逆向淘汰程度与农地租出行为呈正相关关系,从事第二产业的农户倾向于租出农地。非农就业规模的农地租赁行为响应存在门槛效应,而非农就业类型的总体影响较小

东部沿海地区农户非农就业对农地租赁行为的影响研究

非农就业后农户如何利用农地资源成为决定粮食安全与农民增收的关键。基于生产决策理论剖析了不同情境下农户非农就业对农地租赁行为的影响,并采用东部沿海地区599个农户调查数据进行了检验。结果表明:①有剩余劳动力与无剩余劳动力情景,农户非农就业对农地租赁行为的影响并不一致;②非农就业改变家庭要素禀赋结构与劳动力相对报酬,进而影响农地租赁行为;③东部沿海地区农地租赁行为响应是非农就业特征与外部环境综合作用的结果,其中非农就业规模、非农就业区位、非农就业逆向淘汰程度与农地租出行为呈正相关关系,从事第二产业的农户倾向于国家自然科学重点项目(40635029);国家“十一五”科技支撑计划重点项目(2006BAB15B05);中国科学院研究生社会实践项目(0727601185