东北黑土漫岗区侵蚀沟发展模式研究

东北黑土漫岗区侵蚀沟发育广泛,侵蚀沟的发展已经严重影响了该区工农业生产的发展。根据东北黑土漫岗区侵蚀沟的发展阶段、形态特征、侵蚀沟底冲淤状况、侵蚀沟边坡扩展方式等,将该区侵蚀沟分为顺犁沟、浅沟、切沟、冲沟和槽沟5种类型。在此基础上,对侵蚀沟由顺犁沟发展至槽沟的发展过程、发展条件,以及面蚀与沟蚀的发展转化关系进行了阐述。最后,从宏观和微观两个方面阐述了侵蚀沟在东北黑土漫岗区的分布特征

基于地形因子的吉林西部地区土地利用变化研究

选取吉林省西部地区为研究对象,基于DEM及三期遥感影像,通过目视解译获取研究区土地利用数据,并从高程、坡度、坡向、坡形4个地形因子的角度对土地利用结构的变化特征进行了全面分析.结果表明:(1)1975-2013年间,吉林西部地区土地利用结构的变化主要表现为耕地、盐碱地面积的显著增加和草地面积的显著减少.(2)高程和坡度因子对吉林西部地区土地利用变化有着重要的影响,而坡向和坡形因子对土地利用变化影响不明显.(3)各土地利用类型多分布在100~200 m海拔范围和0°~6°坡度范围内,但200~250 m范围内土地利用变化量最大,主要表现为耕地、林地的增加和草地的减少.(4)1975-2000年间坡度在0°~6°范围内的土地表现为耕地、盐碱地面积的大幅增加和草地面积的大幅减少;2000-2013年间表现为耕地面积的小幅增加和草地、盐碱地面积的小幅减少

多源遥感影像的侵蚀沟信息提取分析

以多源遥感影像为基础,结合DEM数据,运用定性方法全面分析各遥感影像中提取的侵蚀沟的信息特征,并在研究区选取两个调查单元进行野外验证,对所得结果与遥感影像目视解译结果进行定量比较分析,得出以下结论:1)虽然空间分辨率最高的Pleiades遥感影像与DMC航片影像表现侵蚀沟的信息最为清晰,但空间分辨率过高会使侵蚀沟的内部细节过于详细,对信息提取增加噪声信息。2)不同遥感影像所能提取的侵蚀沟的类型不同。与Pleiades和Alos遥感影像相比,资源三号卫星影像能够呈现稳定沟、切沟和冲沟的信息,且成本低廉,是侵蚀沟信息提取最为理想的遥感影像。3)资源三号与高分一号卫星影像在提取重点调查的冲沟与切沟的数量与长度和宽度信息时,所得结果与实地验证结果十分接近,是比较合适的遥感影像

基于ASTER GDEM和均值变点分析的中国东北地形起伏度研究

地形起伏度是指某一确定区域内最高点和最低点之间的高差,是宏观尺度上比较适宜的地形分析指标,而确定最佳统计单元的大小是提取地形起伏度的关键。本文以中国东北地区为研究区域,以ASTER GDEMv2为数据源,基于Python模块编程,利用窗口分析方法依次提取n × n(n = 2,3,4,……,198,199,200网格下的地形起伏度,然后采用均值变点分析方法计算平均地形起伏度的最佳统计单元大小,最后将东北地区的地形起伏度进行分级。研究结果表明: 1)通过Python模块编程可以实现提取地形起伏度的自动化运行; 2)均值变点分析方法能够有效得检测出平均地形起伏度与网格面积拟合曲线上由陡变缓的拐点,利用该方法得到基于ASTER GDEM提取中国东北地区地形起伏度的最佳统计单元面积为2. 62km~2; 3)东北地区整体起伏不大,以小起伏和微起伏为主,山地多为中小起伏

Electrochemical Characterization of (PhMgCl)2-AlCl3/Mixed Ether Electrolytes

制备了全苯基有机铝镁盐(PhMgCl)2-AlCl3，研究以3种不同混合醚，即dimethoxyethane (DME)+THF、Diglyme (DG)+THF和Tetraglyme (TG)+THF作溶剂对全苯基有机铝镁盐在不同金属电极上的电化学性能的影响. 结果表明，和(PhMgCl)2-AlCl3/THF体系相比，(PhMgCl)2-AlCl3/DG+THF(3:2)仍具有较高的离子电导率（1.605×10-3 S?cm-1）、良好的可逆沉积镁特性及阳极抗氧化性能（电化学窗口大于2.8 V）. 且该DG+THF混合溶剂还可大幅降低电解液的饱和蒸汽压（由23.46 kPa降低到9.41 kPa），减少了电池使用过程电解液的挥发，从而提高了可充镁电池的安全性能. 比较Pt、Ni、Cu和Al等不同金属基质电极，发现Pt的电化学性能最好，而Al最差.The (PhMgCl)2-AlCl3 salts were prepared and the electrochemical properties of (PhMgCl)2-AlCl3 electrolytes containing dimethoxyethane(DME)+THF, Diglyme(DG)+THF and Tetraglyme(TG)+THF solvents with different proportions on various metal electrodes were studied. Compared with (PhMgCl)2-AlCl3/THF, the (PhMgCl)2-AlCl3/DG+THF(3:2) solvents showed high ionic conductivity of 1.605×10-3 S?cm-1, good reversible Mg deposition behavior and anodic anti-oxidation performance with an electrochemical window wider than 2.8 V. In addition, the DG+THF mixed solvent could greatly lower the saturated vapor pressure by reducing from 23.46 kPa to 9.41 kPa, which suppresses volatilization of the electrolyte and improves the overall safety of rechargeable battery. Among Pt, Ni, Cu and Al electrodes, Pt offers the best electrochemical properties, while Al the worst.国家重点基础研究发展计划973课题（2007CB209700）资助作者联系地址：上海交通大学化学化工学院，上海 200240Author's Address: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China通讯作者E-mail：[email protected]

Magnesium Deposition-Dissolution Performance of Ethylenethiourea-Grignard Reagent/THF Electrolytes

将乙烯硫脲与不同格氏试剂EtMgBr/THF、PhMgBr/THF、PhMgCl/THF反应制得了3种乙烯硫脲-格氏试剂/THF电解液. 通过循环伏安测试了在Pt电极的镁沉积-溶出性能. 结果表明，形成乙烯硫脲-格氏试剂/THF电解液不改变电解液的镁沉积-溶出性能，却拓宽了其电化学窗口. 如乙烯硫脲-PhMgBr/THF溶液的氧化分解电位可达2.3 V（vs. Mg/Mg2+）, 该电解液的电导率随溶液溶度增大先升后降，0.9 mol·L-1时其电导率最高，可达615 μS·cm-1. 比较乙烯硫脲-PhMgBr/THF在Pt、Ni、Cu和Al四种金属电极的电化学性能，发现在Ni电极的氧化分解电位最高，可达2.4 V（vs. Mg/Mg2+），且具有良好的镁沉积-溶出性能. CR2016扣式电池的循环测试表明，Ni基底上的镁沉积-溶出电位较低，其循环效率可达到92%，适宜作为实用电池的集流体.Three kinds of ethylenethiourea-Grignard reagent/THF electrolytes were prepared by reacting ethylenethiourea with different Grignard reagents such as EtMgBr/THF, PhMgBr/THF and PhMgCl/THF. Cyclic voltammetry tests on Pt disk electrode show that the electrolytes have good performance of magnesium deposition-dissolution as Grignard reagents and higher anodic stabilities than Grignard reagents. The oxidative decomposition potential of ethylenethiourea-PhMgBr/THF on Pt electrode can reach 2.3 V (vs. Mg/Mg2+). The conductivity of ethylenethiourea-PhMgBr/THF electrolyte initially increases and then decreases with the increase of the concentration and reaches to the highest value of 615 μS·cm-1 at 0.9 mol·L-1. The comparison in cyclic voltammograms of 0.9 mol·L-1 ethlenethiourea-PhMgBr/THF electrolyte on Pt, Ni, Cu and Al electrodes demonstrates that the oxidative decomposition potential on Ni electrode is the highest (2.4 V (vs. Mg/Mg2+)). Constant-current discharge and charge tests of coin cells further show that the magnesium deposition-dissolution potential on Ni substrate is low and the stable cycle efficiency can reach 92%. For ethlenethiourea-PhMgBr/THF electrolyte, nickel is suitable to be used as a practical current collector.国家自然科学基金项目（No. 21273147，No. 51035005）和上海市科委项目（No. 11JC1405700）资助作者联系地址：上海交通大学化学化工学院，上海 200240Author's Address: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China通讯作者E-mail：[email protected]

Application of Ionic Liquid PP14TFSI in Electrolyte Systems for Rechargeable Mg Batteries

制备了可充镁电池电解质苯酚基镁盐，以四氢呋喃（THF）与N-甲基-N-丁基-哌啶-双三氟甲基磺酰胺（PP14TFSI）离子液体混合物代替四氢呋喃作为该电解质的溶剂. 当THF与PP14TFSI体积配比为1:1时，该苯酚基镁盐电解液镁可逆溶出性能最佳，电化学窗口宽（2.7 V vs. Mg），离子电导率高（7.77 mS·cm-1）. 此外，热重测试表明离子液体的加入大大降低了THF溶剂的挥发性，提高了可充镁电池的安全性能. 四氢呋喃 + N-甲基-N-丁基-哌啶-双三氟甲基磺酰胺混合溶剂有望作为可充镁电池电解液的首选溶剂.A phenolated-based Mg salt was prepared. The mixture of THF and N-methyl-N-butyl-piperidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (PP14TFSI) serves as the mixed solvent instead of pure THF for rechargeable Mg batteries systems. This new type of electrolyte system not only has optimal reversibility of Mg, but also owns a wide electrochemical window (2.7 V vs. Mg) and high ionic conductivity (7.77 mS·cm-1). More importantly, the addition of Ionic Liquid suppresses the volatility of THF and improves the safety of rechargeable Mg batteries. The result shows that the mixture of THF and piperidyl-based Ionic Liquid could be regarded as a good solvent candidate for rechargeable Mg batteries.作者联系地址：上海交通大学化学化工学院，平野材料创新研究所，上海 200240Author's Address: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hirano Institute for Materials Innovation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China通讯作者E-mail：[email protected]

基于叶绿体InDel标记对玉米杂交种正反交的鉴定

玉米的正反交杂交种在有些表型性状上存在差异,在有些品种中甚至直接影响总体产量。为了避免之前的鉴定正反交方法在取样类型和时间上存在的一定的局限性,本研究以玉米叶绿体基因组Insertion/Deletion(In Del)标记为基础开发引物,使用玉米叶片材料进行检测。结果显示CPMIDP01和CPMIDP03两个位点可分别鉴定玉米杂交种郑单958和京科968的正反交组合,并可组合成效果稳定的二重PCR,从而得到一种对玉米正反交种的快速鉴定方法。此方法可应用于中国主要玉米品种正反交鉴定中,作为核基因组检测的补充,进一步完善品种真实性及品系溯源信息

TiN coating for inner surface modification by grid enhanced plasma source ion implantation

Using the new inner surface modification technique named GEPS II (grid-enhanced plasma source ion implantation), which is designed for inner surface modification of tubular work piece, has successfully produced TiN coating on 0.45% C steel (45 # steel). By comparing with the uncoated 45 # steel sample, the electrochemical corrosion test on the coated 45 # steel samples presents about 5-10 times improvement in their corrosion resistance. Structural analysis shows that the TiN coatings have preferred crystal orientation(111) and (2000). And the depth of coatings is about 20 nm, with part of which embedding in the substrate