Studies of Legal Problems on Delivery without an Original Bill of Lading under English Maritime Also on the Revelations to China

凭正本提单交付货物即凭单放货原则是英国海上货物运输法的一项基本原则。研究该原则有助于完善我国在海上货物运输领域的法律制度。文章主要运用比较分析法、案例分析法探讨了英国法下的无单放货法律问题的理论及司法实践，目的在于反思我国相关的法律制度。文章先从英国法下凭单放货的原则入手，阐释了凭单放货的原理，然后论述了英国理论界和司法界对无单放货的见解，进而反观我国在无单放货方面的立法司法问题，在此基础上提出了解决我国无单放货法律问题的建议，以图对我国该领域的问题的解决有所裨益。文章正文除引言及结论外共分为四章。第一章介绍英国法下凭单放货的基本原则。首先概述了该原则的含义及其确立原因，然后总结了该原则的法律...There is a general principle in English law that once a bill of lading has been issued，the carriers are obliged to deliver the cargo against an original bill of lading. The study of this principle is of significance to enrichment and perfection of our country’s maritime in this area. Many analytical approaches, mainly include comparison approach, case analysis approach were employed to stu...学位：法学硕士院系专业：法学院法律系_民商法学(含劳动法学、社会保障法学)学号：20020803

Epidemiological and therapeutic studies of gonorrheal infections (I)--clinical efficacy of long acting amoxicillin (L-AMPC)

1981年10月～1982年2月の間の札幌での淋菌性感染症178例(男158例, 女20例)につき, 疫学的, 治療学的に研究した.男158例は全例急性尿道炎で, 最年少は15歳で, 10歳代が20.3%であった.男子例の感染源は, 10代では, ほとんどがディスコなどでpick upしたかりそめの女友達であるが, 20歳代はトルコ, バーなどの接客婦がふえ, 25歳以上ではそれが半数以上となる.最近ふえ続けるトルコ風呂接客婦の占める割合が多くなっている.女子20例中1例は1歳の腟外性器炎を除き子宮頸管炎で, 16～19歳が半数を占めた.潜伏期がはっきりしている男141例で中, 5日以内83例, 6～10日39例, 11～20日13例, 21～30日4例, 30日以上2例と潜伏期の長いものが増えつつある.また菌量106 cells/ml接種で, MIC 1.56 μg/ml以上の12株はβ-lactcmase産生株であった.このβ-lactamase産生株は同時にDoxycyclin (DOXY)のMICはすべて1.56 μg/ml以上で, AMPCとDOXYとの耐性獲得機序の相関性を示した.男133例, 女15例に持続性アモキシシリン(L-AMPC) 1 g/日(500 mg×2)を原則とし7日間投与し, L-AMPCによる淋菌性感染症の治療プランを提唱したDuring the period from October of 1981 through March of 1982, our research group in Sapporo treated 178 patients (158 males and 20 females) for gonorrheal infections. We performed epidemiological and therapeutic studies on these patients. The youngest of the 158 male patients with acute gonorrheal urethritis was 15 years old. The age distribution was 32 patients (20.3%) under 20 years, 46 patients (29.1%) aged 20 to 24, 34 patients (21.5%) aged 25 to 29, 22 patients (13.9%) aged 30 to 34, 10 patients (6.3%) aged 35 to 39, and 14 patients (8.9%) aged 40 to 54. The fact that 20% of gonorrheal urethritis occurred in youths under 20 years of age, is especially noteworthy. The infection in the teenage boys was found to be picked up mostly from girls met at discos , etc., On the other hand, the patients in their 20s, were infected more frequently by contact with hostesses at massage parlors and bars, these sources making up the majority of male patients who were 25 years or older. These findings are quite interesting because they reflect the socio-economic status of the patients. In addition, the fact that hostesses working at massage parlors are a frequent source of gonorrheal urethritis infections can represent a considerable problem in terms of public hygiene. The 20 female patients with gonorrheal infections were all found to be cases of cervicitis, except for a 1-year-old girl with gonorrheal infection of external genitals. The fact that about half of these female patients were teenagers, aged 16 to 19 years is worth special note. The duration of the latent period was less than 5 days in 83 male patients (58.9%) with urethritis, 6 approximately 10 days in 39 patients (27.7%), 11 approximately 20 days in 13 patients (9.2%), 21 approximately 30 days in 4 patients (2.8%), and over 30 days in 2 patients (1.4%), It can thus be said that the number of cases showing a long incubation period is increasing. The MICs of 154 gonococci strains isolated from the urethral or vaginal discharge were determined. Thirteen (8.4%) of these clinically isolated strains were found to be beta-lactamase producers. When a bacterial inoculation level of 10(6) cells/ml was used in the in vitro MIC determination, the MIC was 1.56 micrograms/ml or higher for 12 of these beta-lactamase-producing strains; the MIC of the 13th strain was 0.78 microgram/ml. At the same time, the MICs of these beta-lactamase-producing strains to doxycycline were also high; 1.56 micrograms/ml or higher.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS

圣文森特及格林纳丁斯向国际海洋法法庭申请几内亚比绍立即释放 “Juno Trader” 号一案

此文由厦门大学法律系2002级硕士研究生熊良敏翻译。 原文见 The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea: The "Juno Trader" Case(Saint Vincent and the Grenadines v. Guinea-Bissau) Application for Prompt Release （December 18,2004)【中文摘要】国际海洋法法庭判令圣文森特和格林纳丁斯向几内亚比绍交付30万欧元保证金，几内亚比绍立即释放“Juno Trader”号船舶

A Review of the Pedra Branca Dispute

熊良敏，法学硕士，浙江海洋学院讲师。【中文摘要】2008年5月23日，国际法院对新加坡与马来西亚白礁岛主权争议案作出了判决，将白礁岛的主权判给了新加坡。本文首先介绍了该案的背景，随后归纳了本案的争议焦点和判决的主要内容，最后对本案在国际社会上的影响进行了简要的评论。本文认为，在领土主权的争端问题上，国际法庭越来越偏重于考虑有效控制因素。因此，中国应该加强对海域主权的有效控制，从而捍卫自己 的海洋权益。 【Abstract】 On 23 May 2008, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) awarded sovereignty over Pedra Branca to Singapore in the Case Concerning Sovereignty over Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh (Malaysia/Singapore), This paper begins by describing the background of the case, the main points of contention and the ICJ's final judgment. The paper then discusses the case's impact on the international community, finding that the ICJ gives more weight to the existence of effective control when deciding territorial sovereignty disputes than other factors. Therefore, China should reinforce its effective control on the sovereignty over its waters so as to protect its maritime rights and interests

Case concerning Land Reclamation by Singapore in and around the Straits of Johor (Malaysia v. Singapore)

熊良敏，厦门大学法律系2002级硕士研究

民法典草案继承法编修改建议稿

引言继承制度是民法制度中不可或缺的内容,对于体现民法以人为本,弘扬民法人文关怀的精神有着深远的影响。其内容体系的安排直接关系到民法典的科学性、完整性。就继承制度本身而言,作为自然人死亡后财产转移的基本制度,在保护自然人财产权利、发挥家庭职能、维护社会稳定方面有着举足轻重的作用。我国现行的《继承法》是在第六届全国人大第三次会议于1985年4

Therapeutic studies on male non-gonorrheal urethritis--use of AT-2266--Sapporo Clinical Research Group for STD

非淋菌性尿道炎症例に対し, AT-2266 1日600 mg 7日間投与し, その治療成績の検討とともにそれら症例の各種背景因子の詳細な分析も合わせて行なった.1)非淋菌性尿道炎症例106例の年齢分布は10歳代後半から30歳代前半にかけて症例が多く15歳～19歳が11.3%にもなっている.2)感染源は歓楽街女性:素人女性の比が37:53と素人女性が多く, 淋菌感染症のそれと逆転していた.3)尿道分泌物培養で得られた分離菌は, ほとんどがGPCことにS. epidermidisであったが, 全症例の51.6%は菌陰性であった.4)尿道分泌物の性状は膿性のものが51.9%, 漿性のものが48.1%に見られた.5) AT-2266 1日600 mg(分3服用)7日間投与による有効率は膿性分泌物例群では, 3日間及び7日間治療で有効率それぞれ24.3%, 61.1%であり, 漿性分泌物例群ではそれぞれ, 36.0%, 71.4%であった.6) AT-2266服用による副作用は90例中5例に軽度の胃腸障害を中心として症状発現を見たが, 投与中止の必要なものはなかったAT-2266 tablets were administered orally in a daily dosage of 600 mg for 7 consecutive days as treatment of non-gonorrheal urethritis in 106 cases. The therapeutic results in 90 cases were investigated, and a detailed analysis of various background factors was also performed. Most of the patients were between 15 and 35 years old; 11.3% of the patients were between 15 and 19 years old. The source of infection was a "professional" woman such as a prostitute in 37 cases, and a non-professional woman in 53 cases. This is noteworthy because the source is more often a "professional" women in the case of gonorrhea. Bacterial isolates were obtained by culture of the urethral secretions. Most were gram-positive cocci, especially S. epidermidis, but, in 51.7% of the patients, no bacteria could be cultured. The urethral secretion was purulent in 51.9% of the patients, and serous in the remaining 48.1%. The efficacy rates obtained when AT-2266 was administered in a daily dosage of 600 mg (in 3 divided oral doses) for 7 days were as follows. In the purulent secretion group, the 3-day and 7-day therapeutic efficacy (elimination of the secretion) rates were 24.2% and 61.2%. In the serous secretion group, the corresponding efficacy rates were 36% and 71.4%. Thus the therapeutic efficacy was slightly inferior in the purulent secretion group. Oral administration of AT-2266 resulted in side effects in 5 of the patients (5.5%). These side effects consisted primarily of mild gastrointestinal disturbances, which did not require discontinued drug administration

Epidemiologic and therapeutic studies on gonorrheal infections--use of AT-2266--Sapporo Clinical Research Group for STD

札幌STD研究グループにおいて1982年6月より1年間に男子淋菌性尿道炎131例を対象としてAT-2266 1日600 mgを7日間投与し, 治療効果, その他を検討した.1日1回投与, 2分割投与, 3分割投与の3日間治療成績は著効率がそれぞれ7.7%, 50%, 57%となった.3分割投与群の成績は3日間治療で著効57.0%, 有効39.8%, やゝ有効3.2%であり, 7日間治療では著効74.6%, 有効23.9%, やゝ有効1.5%であったが, 7日間治療でも分泌物や尿中白血球は残存しChlamydiaなど混合感染によると思われた.77株中8株(10.4%)にβ-lactamase産生を認めた.MICは接種菌量でほとんど変化なく, 106 CFU/mlで0.05～0.2 μg/mlと3.16～12.5 μg/mlに二峰性分布を示した.AT-2266の副作用は128例中2例(1.6%)に軽度のものが認められたFrom August of 1982 through February of 1983, the Sapporo Clinical Research Group for STD treated 131 cases of male gonorrheal urethritis at its affiliated clinical facilities in Sapporo City. The therapeutic efficacy of AT-2266 was investigated, together with an epidemiological study on the cases and bacteriological studies on the isolated strains of gonococcus. In addition, a few cases of female gonorrheal cervicitis were treated, and the therapeutic results for 3 of these cases evaluated. AT-2266 was administered at a daily dosage of 600 mg in one dose to 14 patients, 2 doses to 10 patients and 3 doses to 98 patients. At the end of 3 days of this therapy, the gonococci had been eliminated in all of the cases, but there was variation in the status of disappearance of the secretion. The "excellent" efficacy rates for these three regimens were thus 7.7%, 50% and 57%, respectively. These results showed that administration of the total dosage in two or more divided doses maintained higher minimum concentrations of the antibiotic in the blood and the urine, and were thus more clinically beneficial than when the dosage was given as one daily dose. Of the patients who were treated with 600 mg/day of AT-2266 in 3 divided doses, 93 were evaluated for the therapeutic efficacy. At the end of 3 days 57.0% were "excellent" cases, 39.8% were "good" cases and 3.2% were "fair" cases, and at the end of 7 days of therapy, 67 patients were 74.6% "excellent" cases, 23.9% were "good" cases and 1.5% were "fair" cases. The clinical efficacy rate was thus quite high. Those cases in which the secretion and leukocytes had not disappeared from the urine even at the end of the 7 days of therapy were probably cases of mixed infection involving Chlamydia, etc. Eight of the 77 gonococcal isolates (10.4%) were beta-lactamase producers. The MIC of AT-2266 hardly differed with the size of the bacterial inoculum. With an inoculum of 10(6)CFU/ml, the MIC distribution showed two peaks, i.e., at 0.05-0.2 micrograms/ml and 3.16-12.5 micrograms/ml. Only 11.7% of the strains were found to have high MICs. The distribution of these high MICs was found to be unrelated to the ability to produce beta-lactamase. Mild side effects of AT-2266 were seen in 2 out of 128 patients. (1.6%), an extremely low incidence

Clinical statistics of urological inpatients 80 years old or older

A statistical analysis was performed on 85 inpatients admitted to our Urological Department during the past 12 years. These patients were 80 years old or older at the time of admission. The age, chief complaint, primary disease, mode of operation, and duration of admission of these patients were evaluated. According to our classification of diseases, urological tumors were the highest in frequency (77 cases). Frequent diseases among urological tumors were benign prostatic hyperplasia (60 cases), and therefore transurethral resection of prostate was the most frequent surgery. This analysis indicated that operations on elderly patients can be done safely under nongeneral anesthesia unless the case is accompanied by serious complications