ANALYSIS OF CLINICAL COURSES OF CHIRONIC PROSTATITIS AND STUDY OF EFFICACY OF ANTIBIOTICS AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS

Chronic prostatitis is possibly the most common infectious disease in middle-aged men and is bacteriologically, pathologically studied by many clinical investigators. However, this still remains as one of the most troublesome diseases in outpatient clinics of urology. Then we reanalyzed the clinical features of chronic prostatitis during the treatment from the new standing points and evaluated the efficacy of antibiotics and anti-inflammatory agents in patients with chronic prostatitis. The whole 60 patients were administered AB-PC (1.5 g/day), and had the prostatic massage once a week for four weeks. Furthermore, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (Flurbiprofen 120mg/day) or its placebos were administered to all cases arranged by the double blind method. The results were as follows. 1. The therapeutic effect of anti-inflammatory agents was not so statistically significant. However the cases, having the remarkable subjective symptoms even after the four weeks treatment, were very few in the group treated with anti-inflammatory agents than in the group given placebo. 2. The effect of ordinary treatment (daily administration of AB-PC and prostatic massage once a week) were as follows. 1) The subjective syndromes improved to some extent (70%) in the first two weeks treatment. And remaining subjective symptoms showed relatively resistances to the treatment during the second two weeks period. The findings of expressed prostatic fluid were also improved in 54% during the first two weeks treatment, and in the second two weeks treatment they showed the minimal improvement. 2) The incidence of terminal discomfort or pain on urination was not so high, but these symptoms were apt to be non-reactive for treatment. On the other hand, the referred pain, residual urine sensation, pollakisuria that observed in high incidence were relatively reactive for treatment

Cognitive and Behavioral Differences between Morning-Type and Evening-Type Drivers in China

出于运输业对安全的强烈需要，对相关从业人员的筛选和工作安排一直是安全驾驶的重头戏。常见的驾驶员筛选标准有人格等，而像早晚型这种特质性差异还并未被考虑入内。同时，在实际工作中，早晚班的执勤往往是其中必要的工作，而影响早晚值班工作绩效及安全驾驶的重要因素之一便是早晚型。故研究早晚型在驾驶行为上的差异很必要，并且能为相关从业人员进行更好的筛选和更合理的工作安排提供科学依据。 研究一探讨了早晚型和危险驾驶行为的关系，利用问卷测量了驾驶员的早晚型、危险驾驶行为和人格特质等，研究结果显示越是偏晚间型则危险驾驶行为越多，并且在控制人格的前提下早晚型对危险驾驶行为同样具有显著预测作用，并且宜人性在早晚型对危险驾驶行为的作用中起调节作用。 研究二则进一步探讨了早晚型驾驶行为差异的可能原因，即早晚型的驾驶相关的认知能力是否存在有差异或同步效应，实验1至4分别采用了基本认知实验范式在早上和下午两个时间段对早晚型人的注意广度、速度估计、视觉搜索和视空间工作记忆进行了测量，结果表明晚间型的视觉搜索正确率、反应时以及视空间工作记忆的正确率都好于早间型。 研究三利用驾驶模拟器探讨了早晚型在实际驾驶行为是否存在差异或同步效应，其中包括行人过马路、跟车同时检测行人任务（实验5、6）。结果表明早晚型在实验前疲劳具有同步效应，晚间型上午更疲劳，早间型下午更疲劳，并且早晚型主效应显著，晚间型疲劳高于早间型。同时，在跟车并检测行人任务中，晚间型在下午实验的平均速度和超速所占百分比都比早上高，而早间型在早晚时间上相对稳定。 本研究不仅在一定程度上探明了早晚型和驾驶行为的关系，也进一步揭晓了驾驶差异的更深原因。本研究能为职业驾驶员选拔及工作安排提供科学依据。<br /

多芯光纤中串扰感知的路由频谱分配算法

为了解决空分复用弹性光网络（SDM-EONs）中芯间串扰（ICXT）带来的业务阻塞问题,文章提出了一种动态寻路和串扰感知解决算法。首先在路由阶段设计了一个结合最短路径和路径负载的候选路径排序公式,根据系统负载动态地为业务请求选择更加合适的传输路径。同时对于多芯光纤中的ICXT问题,提出了一种串扰感知策略,将ICXT的影响降至最低,提高业务成功传输的概率,降低阻塞率。文章定义了ICXT改善指数来评价所提算法与对比算法的性能差异。仿真结果表明,文章所提算法相比于多篇对比文献,在阻塞率性能和ICXT影响上有着明显的提升

早晚型人的驾驶相关认知能力差异研究

早晚型人在危险驾驶行为上具有显著差异,本研究欲进一步探讨早晚型人的驾驶相关的认知能力是否存在差异,以及相关能力是否会受早晚时间影响。本研究采用基本认知实验范式在早上和下午两个时间段分别对早晚型人的注意广度、速度估计、视觉搜索和视空间工作记忆进行测量。重复测量结果显示:早晚型人在视觉搜索能力上具有显著差异,晚间型人的视觉搜索正确率和反应时都好于早间型人;早晚型人在视空间工作记忆反应时上具有主效应,晚</p

Epidemiologic and therapeutic study on gonorrheal infections--one shot therapy by aztreonam

淋菌性感染症244例(男子尿道炎212例, 女子子宮頸管炎32例)に対し, Aztreonam one shot (1～2 g)治療を試みた.1)症例より分離した淋菌244株中42株(17.2%)がPPNGであった.2) Aztreonamの淋菌に対する106 CFU/mlでのMICはβ-lactamase産生に関係なく, 0.025 μg/mlにpeakをもち, 0.0125 μg/ml以下から0.2 μg/mlに分布していた.3) Aztreonam 1 gおよび2 g投与による淋菌の消失時間は1～8時間, 平均4～4.5時間の間に消失をみており, 1 gと2 gの間にほとんど差は認められなかった.4) Aztreonam 1 g one shot, 2 g one shotによる臨床効果を男女244例について検討したが, 3日所見で判定するとPPNGでも治療効果は変らず, 有効率は男子尿道炎では1 g 90.7%, 2 g 97.1%, 女子子宮頸管炎では1 g, 2 gとも100%であった.5) Aztreonamの副作用は244例中しびれ, 両手に発赤, 腫脹1例, 倦怠感1例の計2例(0.8%)にみられたがいずれも軽度であったA clinical study of a new monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic, AZTREONAM (hereafter referred to as AZT) for gonorrheal infections as well as epidemiologic study of gonorrheal infections were made Epidemiology: There was a reflection of the increasing sexual activity of the younger generation; both male and female patients in their twenties were most frequent (male 49.5%, female 43.7%) and the percent of teen age patients was 15.1% (male) and 34.4% (female). Forty two strains (17.2%) out of 244 clinically isolated gonococci were PPNG. Residue of serious secretion was observed in a little less than 20% suggesting a complication by Chlamydia trachomatis. Clinical Result: One shot (1-2 g) therapy by AZT was given to 244 gonorrheal infection cases (212 urethritis cases of males. 32 cervicitis cases of females) with the following highly effective rate. Although beta-lactamase producing MIC of AZT at 10(6) CFU/ml showed a peak of 0.025 microgram/ml and ranged between less than 0.0125 microgram/ml to 0.2 microgram/ml. The time required for the elimination of gonococci was studied by the administration of 1 g and 2 g AZT. Gonococci became extinct in 1-8 hours or 4-4.5 hours on average. The difference between n 1 g and 2 g was scarcely observed. Clinical effect of 1 g one shot and 2 g one shot AZT was examined on the 3rd treatment day for 244 male and females cases. The effective rate was high; 90.7% by 1 g, 97.1% by 2 g for male urethritis, 100% by 1 g also by 2 g for female cervicitis. This therapeutic efficacy was kept even in PPNG, isolated cases. There were two side effects (0.8%), one case each of numbness and, redness and swelling of both hands, out of 244 cases, but both of them were minor ones without clinical complication

Epidemiologic and therapeutic study on gonococcal infections--clinical efficacy of norfloxacin

札幌市における淋菌感染症120例について, 症例の疫学的検討を行なうとともに, NFLXの淋菌感染症に対する基礎的, 臨床的検討を行った.年齢分布は男女とも20代前半にピークを認めた.感染源は男子では10代はガールフレンド, pick-upなどの素人が70.6%を占め, 女子では配偶者が50%, 患者自身が特殊浴場従業女子であるものが50%であった.NFLXのN. gonorrhoeaeに対するMIC分布は, 0.025 μg/mlにピークをもち, 0.0125～3.13 μg/mlに分布した.penicillinase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG)は症例より分離したN. gonorrhoeae 104株中21株(20.2%)であったが, これらのNFLXに対するMICは18株(85.7%)が0.1 μg/ml以下に, 3株(14.3%)が1.56～3.13 μg/mlに分布した.NFLX 200 mg経口投与後の血清中濃度は投与2時間後に平均0.72 μg/mlとピークに達し, 尿道分泌中濃度は投与1時間後に平均0.5 μg/mlとピークに達した.NFLX 600 mg, 7日間経口投与による淋菌感染症に対する治療成績は, 男子尿道炎における有効率が3日間投与で97.4%, 7日間投与で93.1%であり, 女子子宮頸管炎における有効率は3日間, 7日間投与とも100%であり, 本剤は淋菌感染症と対する化学療法剤として高い有効性が認められた.淋菌感染症におけるChlamydia trachomatid (C. trachomatis)感染の合併は, 男子尿道炎で32.7%, 女子子宮頸管炎で20%であり, これらの症例においてはNFLXによる治療後も陰性例よりも分泌物の残存率が高く, 引き続きC. trachomatisに対する化学療法が必要と考えられた.NFLX投与による副作用は全く認められず, NFLXは安全に投与できる薬剤と考えられたWe studied the basic and clinical effects of norfloxacin (NFLX) in 120 patients with gonococcal infections (110 men with urethritis and 10 women with cervicitis)--all residents at Sapporo City; and epidemiologically analyzed the sources of their infections. The male patients were between 16 and 67 years old and the female patients were between 20 and 61 years old, with a peak in the early 20s both for sexes. 70.6% of the male patients in their 10s were infected from their girl friends or so-called pick-up friends and 50% of the female patients from their husbands. The other half of the female were workers serving at so-called special massage parlors. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of NFLX against N. gonorrhoeae distributed was 0.0125 approximately 3.13 micrograms/ml, with a peak at 0.025 micrograms/ml. NFLX inhibited 93.3% of the clinical strains of this species at less than 0.1 microgram/ml and 96.2% at less than 1 microgram/ml, where the inoculation was 10(6) CFU/ml. Twenty one (20.2%) of the 104 N. gonorrhoeae strains were penicillinase-producing one (PPNG). NFLX inhibited 18 of these PPNG (85.7%) at less than 0.1 microgram/ml and the other 3 strains at 1.56 approximately 3.13 micrograms/ml. Oral administration of 200 mg NFLX showed the average peak serum level of 0.72 micrograms/microliter in 2 hours and the average peak level in the urethral secretions of 0.5 micrograms/ml in one hour. These two concentrations of NFLX covered 95.2% of the MIC distribution against N. gonorrhoeae. The clinical efficacy of 600 mg NFLX (peros) was 97.4 and 93.1% for a 3-and 7-day treatment for male urethritis; and 100% for both 3-and 7-day treatment for female cervicitis. Complicated urethritis with C. trachomatis was noticed in 32.7% of the male urethritis and in 20% of the female cervicitis cases. Urethral secretions among about half of these patients were observed even after treatment with NFLX. As a subsequent treatment, another effective chemotherapeutic is required against C. trachomatis. No adverse reactions were detected with NFLX. All the above results demonstrate that NFLX is a highly effective and safe chemotherapeutic agent for treatment of gonorrhoea

中国心理学会会议论文集

早晚型指的是人们对一天时间偏好的个体差异。职业司机往往面临早晚班执勤的交替,而早晚型特征可能是影响他们工作绩效及安全驾驶的重要因素之一,但这一领域的研究并不多见。本研究通过问卷和实验室实验,系统探讨了早晚型驾驶员在人格特征、认知能力以及驾驶行为方面的差异。问卷研究的结果发现,越是偏晚间型的驾驶员则危险驾驶行为越多;宜人性在早晚型对危险驾驶行为的作用中起调节作用。实验室研究发现,晚间型驾驶员的视觉搜&nbsp;</p

Epidemiological and therapeutic studies on gonorrheal infections--clinical efficacy of T-2588. (Sapporo Clinical Research Group for STD)

第3世代セファロスポリン系抗生物質の経口剤であるT-2588を用い, 淋菌感染症に対する治験を, 男子尿道炎140例, 女子子宮頸管炎6例の計算146例について行なった.分離淋菌の110株中23株(20.9%)はβ-lactamase産生淋菌(PPNG)であった.T-2588の分離菌に対する抗菌力(MIC)は, 接種菌量106 CFU/mlで0.1～0.0125 μg/ml (peak 0.025 μg/ml)であった.PPNGでもpeakは0.025 μg/mlで, 最高値はnon-PPNGより1管高い0.2 μg/mlであった.C. trachomatis感染合併例は男子20.9%, 女子33.3%であった.男子症例に対する有効率は, 1日2回400 mg投与法で3日目90.5%, 7日目95.3%, PPNG分離例に限っては3日目73.3%, 7日目80.0%であった.1日3回300 mg投与では3日目93.3%, 7日目100%, 1日3回600 mg投与では3日目100%, 7日目100%であり, PPNGに対しても3日目, 7日目共に100%であった.女子症例は例数が少ないので結論づけられなかったが, やはり600 mg(分3)投与がよい成績(100%)であった.副作用は軽度のものを3例(1.7%)に認めたが, そのまま治療を続行した.以上の成績から, 淋菌感染症に対するT-2588による治療は, 1日分3投与600 mg 3日間投与でPPNGと関係なく, 充分な臨床効果を期待できると考えているT-2588, a new oral cephalosporin antibiotic, for gonorrheal infections, was administered to 146 patients with gonorrheal infection cases (140 urethritis cases in males, 6 cervicitis cases in females). Twenty three strains (20.9%) out of 110 clinically isolated gonococci were PPNG. The MICs of T-2588 for the clinically isolated gonococci strains showed a distribution peak at 0.025 microgram/ml and ranged between 0.0125 microgram/ml to 0.1 microgram/ml when an inoculum size of 10(6)/CFU/ml was used. The distribution of MICs of PPNG also showed a peak at 0.025 microgram/ml and the maximum MIC was 0.2 microgram/ml, which is one dilution tube higher than the maximum MIC of non-PPNG. The rate of complication by Chlamydia trachomatis was 20.9% in male and 33.3% in female. At the dose of 400 mg given 2 times a day, the efficacy rate for the males on the 3rd and 7th day was 90.5% (efficacy rate against PPNG, 73.3%) and 95.3% (80.0%), respectively. At the dose of 300 mg given 3 times a day, it was 93.3% and 100%, respectively, and at the dose of 600 mg given 3 times a day, it was 100% and 100%, respectively. Therefore, the administration of T-2588 3 times a day resulted in a higher efficacy rate than that given 2 times a day. This effect was extremely marked in the case of patients with PPNG. The best clinical results were obtained at a daily dose of 600 mg t.i.d. Although the female patients were few, in number and no conclusion can be drawn, the best results were obtained with a daily dose of 600 mg t.i.d. (100%). There were three mild side effects (1.7%), which could not be attributed to the administration of T-2588 in the present study. In conclusion, T-2588 can be to be expected sufficiently clinically effective against gonorrheal infections, including PPNG, at a daily dose of 600 mg t.i.d. for 3 days

Epidemiological and therapeutic studies on gonococcal infections--one shot therapy by spectinomycin--[Sapporo Clinical Research Group for STD]

From January through March of 1985, the Sapporo Clinical Research Group for STD treated 69 cases of gonococcal infections (61 cases of male gonococcal urethritis and 8 cases of female gonococcal cervicitis) at its facilities in Sapporo City. The therapeutic efficacy of one shot therapy of Spectinomycin (SPCM) was investigated, and an epidemiological study on the cases and bacteriological studies on the isolated strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were made. The male patients were between 19 and 55 years old, with a peak age distribution in the younger half of the twenties. The female patients were between 18 and 40 years old. The major source of infections was a so-called special massage parlor which accounted for 36.1% of male cases. The isolation rate of PPNG were 16.7% (11/66). The MIC (inoculum size; 10(6) CFU/ml) of SPCM ranged from 3.13 to 25 micrograms/ml regardless of beta-lactamase production. In male patients, the eradication rate (efficacy rate) of N. gonorrhoeae by SPCM was 94.7% on the first day, 93.6% on the third day and 100% on the seventh day after 2 g one shot therapy. In female patients, the rate was 100% on the third and seventh day after 2 g one shot therapy, and 75% on the first day, 66.7% on third day and 100% on seventh day after 4 g one shot therapy. We considered that one shot therapy of SPCM was effective for gonococcal infection also in the present time. Especially SPCM was effective for infections by PPNG, since it was not resolved by beta-lactamase of N. gonorrhoeae. Positive rate of Chlamydia trachomatis was 16.3% in male gonococcal urethritis, and the serous discharge tended to remain longer in the positive patients than in the negative patients. There was only one side effect (1.4%), therefore SPCM was recognized to be a safely administrated antimicrobial agent

The therapeutic effect of norfloxacin on chronic prostatitis

慢性前立腺炎74例に対しnorfloxacin (NFLX) 600 mg/日を原則として4週間投与し検討した.総合臨床効果を前立腺分泌液(EPS)中細菌, 白血球, 自覚症状の3つの要因で判定してみると, グラム陰性桿菌(GNR)群の総合有効率は2週目71.4%, 4週目100%, グラム陽性球菌(GPC)群のそれはそれぞれ79.3%, 88.0%と良好であった.治療前のEPS分離細菌数103CFU/ml未満であった症例の総合臨床効果をEPS中白血球, 自覚症状の2つの要因で判定してみると, その総合有効率は2週目89The clinical efficacy of norfloxacin (NFLX) was evaluated in 74 patients having chronic prostatitis with the subjective symptoms suggesting the inflammations of prostate and more than five white bloodcells (WBCs)/hpf in their prostatic secretions (EPS). Of these, gram negative rods with greater than or equal to 10(3)CFU/ml (GNR group) were isolated from the EPS in 10 patients (13.6%) and gram positive cocci with greater than or equal to 10(3) CFU/ml (GPC group) were obtained in 46 patients (62.2%). E. coli (70.0%) was the most frequent strain isolated among GNR group and S. epidermidis (40.4%), S. aureus (19.1%), E. faecalis (17.0%) and S. haemolyticus (14.9%) were frequently isolated among the GPC group. The overall clinical efficacy of NFLX was determined at the second and fourth week by the three factors, (1) the effect on bacteria, (2) WBCs in the EPS and (3) the subjective symptoms in the patients with bacteria of greater than or equal to 10(3) CFU/ml being isolated. The overall clinical effectiveness rate was 71.4% and 100%, respectively, in the GNR group. In the GPC group, its rate was 79.3% and 88.0%, respectively. The patients with no bacteria or less than 10(3) CFU/ml isolated from the EPS had an overall clinical effectiveness rate of 89.8% at the second week and 90.0% at the fourth, when it was evaluated by the effect on WBCs and subjective symptoms. In the effect of NFLX on bacteria in the EPS, it eliminated them in 75.0% and 83.9% at the second and fourth week, respectively, of all patients with GNR or GPC of greater than or equal to 10(3) CFU/ml isolated from the EPS. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of NFLX against E. coli isolated from the EPS was distributed from 0.025 microgram/ml to 3.13 micrograms/ml with most below 0.1 microgram/ml. Those against all other GNR were below 0.78 microgram/ml. NFLX showed good antimicrobial activities against GPC with most of MIC being distributed from 0.78 microgram/ml to 1.56 micrograms/ml. NFLX produced the highest eradication rate in bacteriological response not only against GNR such as 100% at the first, the second and fourth week but GPC as 89.2%, 93.8% and 96.0%, respectively. In the effect of NFLX on WBCs in EPS, 40-50% of patients got free from the inflammation of prostate by NFLX treatment. This became prominent in the GNR group as the treatment was continued although not in the GPC group. The subjective symptoms were improved by NFLX treatment in most of the patients