Preparation of Zn-Ni Alloy Whisker by Electrochemical Method

应用电化学方法制备Zn-Ni合金晶须.样品的成分、形貌用XRD、SEM、EDS等方法表征,结果表明,晶须的物相是Ni5Zn21和Ni3Zn22,直径250 nm,长度2~4μm,长径比8~16.同时用循环伏安法探讨了该过程的电化学行为.为晶须的制备提供了一种新的方法.The Zn-Ni alloy whiskers were prepared by electrochemical method and were characterized by XRD、SEM and EDS methods.The results showed that Ni5Zn21 and Ni3Zn22 whiskers were obtained with the length of 2~4 μm and the diameter of 250 nm,thereby the rations of length/diameter fell between 8 and 16.The electrochemical behavior was investigated by cyclic voltammetry method simultaneously.A new method was provided on whisker preparation based on this work.作者联系地址：太原理工大学化学化工学院,太原理工大学化学化工学院 山西太原030024,山西太原030024Author's Address: College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Taiyuan University ofTechnology,Taiyuan 030024,Shanxi,Chin

Electrosynthesis of 2,2-dimethylolpropionic Acid

制备Ti/SnO2+Sb2O4/PbO2电极,电极的组分及其价态由XRD和XPS表征;该电极可将2,2-二羟甲基丙醛直接电合成2,2-二羟甲基丙酸.应用高效液相色谱分析原料和产物,电化学方法研究电合成影响因素,包括:2,2-二羟甲基丙醛浓度、溶液pH值、反应温度和氧化电位等.在优化条件下(pH=1,C醛=0.10 mol.L-1,t=15℃,E=1.8 V)电合成2,2-二羟甲基丙酸的转化率为58%,选择性36%,电流效率28%.本法为该产物的合成提供了一种新的途径.The Ti/SnO2+Sb2O4/PbO2 electrode was prepared.The structure phase and valent state were characterized by means of XRD and XPS.The 2,2-dimethylolpropionic acid was synthesized on the Ti/SnO2+Sb2O4/PbO2 anode by direct electro-oxidation of 2,2-dimethylolpropionaldehyde.The product and crude material were analyzed by HPLC,the effects of the concentration of 2,2-dimethylolpropionaldehyde,pH,potential and reaction temperature were studied.The results showed that the optimum conditions were anode potential 1.8 V,pH=1,reaction temperature 15℃ and 2,2-dimethylolpropionaldehyde concentration 0.10mol/L.Under the optimum conditions,the selectivity of 36%,the current efficiency of 28% and the conversion of 58% were reached.The reported method provides a new route for the synthesis of 2,2-dimethylol propionic acid.作者联系地址：太原理工大学化学化工学院;Author's Address: Department of Chemical Engineering of Taiyuan University of Technology,Shanxi 030024,Chin

Research Progress of Intermediate Layers in Ti-based Oxide Anodes

钛基氧化物阳极是国内外电化学领域应用广泛的优良阳极材料. 为提高电极导电性、延长电极使用寿命、增强钛基体和金属氧化物活性层之间稳定性，可以在钛基体和金属氧化物活性层之间添加氧化物等中间过渡层. 本文评述了钛基氧化物阳极中间层的研究进展，指出了钛基氧化物电极存在的问题，展望了中间层氧化物电极的发展趋势.Titanium (Ti)-based oxide anodes are excellent anode materials which have been applied widely in electrochemical fields all over the world. Adding intermediate layers in Ti-based oxide anodes can improve the conductivity, lengthen the lifetime and strengthen the stability between Ti base and metal oxides active layers of electrodes. This article reviews the research progress of intermediate layers in Ti-based oxide anodes. At the same time, current problems existed in the field of Ti-based oxide anodes are pointed out and future development trend in oxide electrode with intermediate layers is prospected.国家自然科学基金项目(No. 20771080，No. U1261103）和中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所煤转化国家重点实验室开放基金（No. J12-13-913）资助作者联系地址：1. 太原理工大学化学化工学院，山西 太原 030024；2.太原师范学院化学系，山西 太原 030031Author's Address: 1. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; 2. Department of Chemistry, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China通讯作者E-mail：[email protected]

Synthesis of Adipic Acid from Cyclohexanol by Electrochemical Oxidation Using Cr_2O_7~(2-)/Cr~(3+) as Indirect Oxidant

以Cr2O72-/Cr3+作为间接氧化剂电氧化环己醇制备己二酸.应用正交实验优化工艺条件,得出在原料比n(环己醇)∶n(Cr2O72-)=0.4∶1,t=35℃和CH2SO4=5mol.L-1条件下己二酸的收率可达70.29%.同时研究了Ag2SO4、(NH4)2SO4、H2SO4浓度、电流密度对Cr3+电氧化为Cr2O72-的影响,Cr3+的转化率可达82.52%.Adipic acid was synthesized by electro-oxidation of cyclohexanol taking Cr2O72-/Cr3+ as indirect oxidant.The best technological conditions were optimized by orthogonal experiment.The optimum condition are as follows: the temperature is 35℃,ratio of crude material is n(cyclohexanol)∶n(Cr2O72-)=0.4∶1 and concentration of H2SO4 is 4 mol·L-1.Under these conditions,the yield of adipic acid can reach 70.29%.Moreover,The effects of concentration of Ag2SO4,(NH4)2SO4,H2SO4and current density on the formation of Cr2O72-were also explored.The rate of Cr3+ conversion can reach 82.52%.作者联系地址：太原理工大学洁净化工研究所,太原理工大学洁净化工研究所,太原理工大学洁净化工研究所 山西太原030024,山西太原030024,山西太原030024Author's Address: Institute of Clean Technique for Chemical Engineering of Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,Shanxi,Chin

Study on Properties of Ti/SnO_2+Sb_2O_3/PbO_2 Anode

以ＳＥＭ、ＥＤＳ和ＸＲＤ研究Ｔｉ／ＳｎＯ＿２＋Ｓｂ＿２Ｏ＿３／ＰｂＯ＿２阳极．测定该阳极在１ｍｏｌ／ＬＨ＿２ＳＯ＿４中的使用寿命及其电化学动力学参数ａ、ｂ、ｉ＿ｏ，并用双位垒模型讨论了其动力学参数。结果表明该电极具有优良的电化学性能和较长的使用寿命．A novel of anode-Ti/SnO_2+Sb_2O_3/PbO_2 was studied by means of SEM,EDS andXRD. The lifetime and kinetic parameters were determined in l mol/L H_2SO_4.The duel barrier modelwas used to interpret the results for the anode. The results show that the anode have better propertiesof electrochemistry and longer lifetime.作者联系地址：太原工业大学化工系电化学工程研究室Author's Address: Research Laboratory of Electrochemical Engineering,Department of Chemical Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology ,Taiyuan 03002

Electrochemical Deposition of Zinc Oxide Crystal Whiskers

应用阳极氧化法沉积氧化锌(ZnO)松针状晶须,SEM和XRD观察、表征样品形貌与结构.结果表明,电沉积氧化锌晶须直径为20～50 nm、长度200～300 nm、长径比10～15,纯度高,结晶度好,属六方晶系纤锌矿(JCPDS 36-1451).循环伏安法研究了该氧化锌结晶过程,并考察了电解液的锌酸盐[Zn(OH)4]2-浓度和基底表面氧化膜对晶须生成的影响.Pine needle ZnO crystal whiskers were electrodeposited by anodization of zinc foil.The crystal whiskers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD) spectroscopy.The results show that the lengths and diameters of ZnO crystal whiskers are 200~300 nm and 20~50 nm,respectively,with the ratio of the length to diameter ranging from 10~15.The whiskers belong to wurtzite ZnO(JCPDS 36-1451) with good crystallinity and high purity.The crystalization behavior of ZnO was studied by cyclic voltammetry.The effects of the surface oxide layer at the zinc substrates and the [Zn(OH)4]2-concentration of the aqueous electrolyte on the formation of zinc oxide whiskers were investigated.作者联系地址：太原理工大学化学化工学院洁净化工研究所;Author's Address: College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Institute of Clean Technique for Chemical Engineering,Taiyuan 030024,Shanxi,chin

Preparation of ZrO2-Doped Nb/PbO2 Electrode and Electrocatalytic Performance of Methyl Orange Degradation

本文利用电沉积制得ZrO2掺杂铌基二氧化铅电极，通过扫描电镜（SEM）和X射线衍射（XRD）观察表征了Nb/ZrO2+PbO2电极表面形貌特征及组成. 用线性伏安曲线、电化学交流阻抗和循环伏安曲线测试了Nb/ZrO2+PbO2电极电化学性能，及其甲基橙（MO）的降解电催化效果. 结果表明，ZrO2掺杂使Nb/PbO2电极表面更致密、粗糙，结晶尺寸更小，增大了电极比表面积，提高了电极电催化活性. Nb/ZrO2+PbO2电极活性层主要由β-PbO2和少量的α-PbO2以及部分ZrO2共沉积而成. 有较高的析氧电位、吸附电容和较低的电荷转移电阻，其甲基橙（MO）降解电催化活性更佳，降解过程受扩散控制.The zirconium oxide (ZrO2)-doped niobium based lead oxide (Nb/PbO2) electrode was prepared by electrodeposition. The microstructures and electrochemical properties of Nb/ZrO2+PbO2 electrode were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), linear sweep voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammotry. In addition, the Nb/PbO2 electrode was used as an anode for the electrochemical degradation of methyl orange (MO). Results revealed that the ZrO2 doping made the Nb/PbO2 electrode surface denser and rougher with smaller sized crystal particles, which increased the specific surface area and enhanced the electrocatalytic activity of the electrode. The Nb/ZrO2+PbO2 electrode was mainly composed of β-PbO2 with a small amount of α-PbO2 and ZrO2 formed by codeposition. Accordingly, the Nb/ZrO2+PbO2 electrode possessed higher oxygen-evolution potential, larger adsorption capacity and lower charge-transfer resistance, as well as higher electrocatalytic activity in the degradation of organic materials than the Nb/PbO2 electrode. The MO degradation processes were irreversible and controlled by diffusion.国家自然科学基金委员会和神华集团有限责任公司联合项目（No. U1261103）资助作者联系地址：太原理工大学化学化工学院，山西 太原 030024Author's Address: College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China通讯作者E-mail：[email protected]

Monte Carlo Simulation of Kinetics of Phenol Degradation on Titanium Based Anode

应用Monte Carlo方法,结合化学反应随机过程理论,模拟钛电极上苯酚电催化氧化反应机理,研究苯酚降解时间、初始浓度、电极的催化性能及反应中间产物对降解过程的影响.结果表明:苯酚浓度随时间变化逐渐降低并渐趋稳定,苯酚初始浓度较高时降解速率快,具有较高催化性能的电极对降解第1步反应的影响较大,可有效减少中间产物停留时间,但控制第1步反应则对降解过程尤其是第2步反应的产物有明显影响,而控制第2步反应对降解过程影响很小.According to Monte Carlo mechanism and random process theory,the mechanism of phenol degradation on titanium electrode was simulated. The effects of degradation time,initial concentration of phenol,electrode performance and intermediates on the process of degradation were determined. The results indicated that the phenol concentration is decreasing and becoming steady during the degradation process,if increase the initial concentration,the degradation rate is also increased at the beginning of reaction process,the electrodes with high performance strongly affect the first step of degradation by reducing the residence time of intermediates,the whole process and the productions of second step are primarily controlled by the first step of reaction,and the effect of second step on the whole process is minor.作者联系地址：太原理工大学化学化工学院;Author's Address: College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,Chin