A preliminary study on the induction of spawning by sex pheromones in Bostrichthys sinensis

在陶瓷人工产卵管道内吊挂性外激素的研究表明,卵巢提取液对雄鱼的吸引作用大于雌鱼,而精巢和贮精囊提取液对雌鱼的吸引作用则大于雄鱼,17α-P、17α,20β-P和PGE2对雌鱼和雄鱼均具有相似的吸引作用。雌鱼在管道内的产卵次数、产卵量以及成熟卵的受精率均与产卵管道内吊挂的性外激素种类有关,17α,20β-P和PGE2两个实验组产卵次数最多,其中PGE2实验组的产卵量和受精率最高。17α-P在贮精囊和精巢提取液中的含量显著高于卵巢提取液(P精巢提取液>卵巢提取液。卵巢提取液刺激雄鱼所引起的平均EOG高于雌鱼,而精巢和贮精囊提取液刺激雌鱼所引起的平均EOG高于雄鱼,雌鱼和雄鱼对17α-P、17α,20β-P、PGE2和PGF2α刺激所产生的平均EOG,以PGE2为最高。The results obtained from fixing sex pheromones to the inside surface of the artificial ceramic spawning nests showed that ovarian extract attracted more males than females to enter the nests, while testis extract and seminal vesicle extract attracted more females than males. 17α-P, 17α, 20β-P and PGE_2 were equally effective in attracting both females and males. Spawning frequencies and the spawned egg number of females as well as fertilization rates were related to different kinds of sex pheromones. The most spawning frequencies were found in both 17α, 20β-P and PGE_2 treated groups. The greatest spawned egg number and the highest fertilization rate were observed in PGE_2 group. The levels of 17α-P in seminal vesicle extract and testis extract were significantly higher (Ptestis extract>ovarian extract. The mean EOG, stimulated by ovarian extract, was higher in males than in females, whereas the mean EOGs, stimulated by testis or seminal vesicle extract, were higher in females than in males. The mean highest EOG of both females and males in response to 17α-P,17α, 20β-P,PGE_2 and PGF_(2α) was observed in PGE_2 group.国家自然科学基金资助项目(40276040

Effects of Ca~(2+) on EOG response of Tilapia sp.

将 4种不同浓度的Ca2 +溶液灌注罗非鱼嗅上皮 ,观测其对罗非鱼嗅电图 (electroolfactogram ,简称EOG)电位幅值的影响 ,结果表明 :Ca2 +对罗非鱼EOG具双重效应。在一定浓度范围 ( 1～ 4mmol/dm3 )内 ,随着Ca2 +浓度的增大 ,Ca2 +对EOG的效应由抑制逐渐转向促进 ,表现为反应的增大与Ca2 +浓度的提高呈正相关。但当Ca2 +浓度进一步提高到 8mmol/dm3 时 ,EOG反应减小 ,呈现抑制效应。本文探讨了Ca2 +影响EOG的可能机制。Four different concentrations of Ca 2+ solutions were perfused the olfactory epithelium of Tilapia sp., and the changes of the EOG responses were observed. The result showed that there were dual effect of Ca 2+ on the electro olfactogram(EOG) of the fish. Within a certain range of Ca 2+ concentration (1～4mmol/dm 3), the EOG effect of Ca 2+ was changed from inhibition to enhancement when the concentration increased, indicating that the enhancement of EOG amplitude was positively ralated to the increasing of Ca 2+ concentration. But when Ca 2+ concentration was increased to 8mmol/dm 3, the EOG response decreased and it appeared as inhibitory effect.国家自然科学基金!资助项目(39770102号

The Toxicity of Metal-Mixed Solution on OlFactory of Fish(Tilapia sp.)

鱼类的嗅觉是一种重要的距离感受器,它能灵敏地感受周围环境的微妙变化。在鱼的摄食、集群、防御、繁殖、迁移等活动中发挥着重要的作用,是其赖以生存的重要感受器之一,也是人类不可多得的一种灵敏的生物学监测指标[柴敏娟等,1996]。水域中存在的重金属污染物往往不是单一种的,而是繁多的,这绪多的污染物对鱼类生存有没有影响,怎样影响鱼的生理活动？这方面国内研究不多。本文选择我省淡水渔业养殖常用品种罗非鱼(TIlAPIASP.)为实验对象,用电生理方法,研究3种二价金属离子(Cu--(2+)、zn--(2+)、CA--(2+))相互混合对鱼类嗅电图(ElECTrO-OlfACTOgrAM,下简称EOg)的影响,并探讨其机制。The toxicity of various metal-mixed solutions has been studied on the Fosh olFactory receptors by electrophysiology method,and the mechaniam of toxicity has been discussed.The results indicate that: (1 )Under the condition of the epually Ca2 + concentration,the eFFects of inhibiting EOG response depend on the metallic ion concentrations of mixed solutions which respectively contain(Cu2+ +Ca2+) , (Zn2+ +Ca2+)and(Cu2++Zn2++ Ca2+ ).The higher the concentrations,the more obvious the inhibiting eFFects(2)Among the various metal-mixed solutions,the inhibiting eFFects of the solutions which contain Ca2+ are less than those of the solutions which contains no Ca2+.Especially, the eFFective LC50Values of the both ionic solutions which contain (Cu2+ + Ca2+) or (Zn2+ + Ca2+ ) are much higher than those of solutions which contain only Cu2+ or Zn2+.This Fact shows that the toxicity of metal-mixed solutions which contain Ca2+ are obviously less than that of solutions which contain no Ca2+.(3)There is an antagonistic eFFect between Ca2+ and Cu2+ ,or Ca2+ and Zn2+ ,or Ca2+ and (Cu2++Zn2+) , which suggests that Ca2+ has a detoxiFy action.(4)The toxicity of(Cu2+ +Zn2+ )mixed solution is more than that of solution of solution which contains only Cu2+ or Zn2+.The interaction brtween Cu2+ and Zn2+ is syn-ergistic eFFect.福建省自然科学基

Study of structure function alterations of olfactory organ in Hg~(2+) 、Cd~(2+) poisoned Tilapia. Sp and the detoxifcation of Ca~( 2+)

以罗非鱼为实验对象 ,采用电生理学和组织学方法系统研究了 4种不同浓度的 Hg2 +、Cd2 +污染液对鱼类嗅觉功能和嗅觉器官结构的损伤 ,以及 Ca2 +对 Hg2 +或 Cd2 +的解毒作用 ,结果表明 :1)Hg2 +、Cd2 +均可抑制罗非鱼嗅电图 ( electro- olfactogram,简称 EOG)反应 ,抑制效应随离子浓度的升高和污染时间的延长而增大 .Hg2 +的 IC50 值为 67.73μg/ L,Cd2 +为 33.91μg/ L,Cd2 +的抑制效应大于 Hg2 +.2 ) Ca2 ++Hg2 +、Ca2 ++Cd2 +混合液 (含 80 mg/ L Ca2 +)对 EOG的抑制作用均小于同浓度单一金属离子的抑制作用 ,表明 Ca2 +对 Hg2 +或 Cd2 +均有一定的解毒效应 ,其中 Ca2 +对 Hg2 +的解毒效应大于 Cd2 +.3)光镜研究显示 ,分别浸浴在 10、50 μg/ L Hg2 +或 Cd2 +4种污染液 15d后的罗非鱼嗅上皮均有不同程度的损伤 .在低浓度组 ,损伤主要是非感觉区粘液细胞出现增生现象 ;高浓度组的嗅上皮局部出现空泡化 ,嗅上皮边缘出现缺口并有细胞溢出 .在含 80 mg/ L Ca2 +的 10 μg/ L Hg2 +或Cd2 +混合组中 ,嗅上皮基本无损伤 ;在含同样浓度 Ca2 +的 50μg/ L Hg2 +或 Cd2 +混合组中 ,未见嗅上皮空泡化 ,仅观察到嗅上皮细胞出现皱缩When these fish ( Tilapia. Sp) are exposed to four different kinds of Hg 2+ or Cd 2+ solutions, the structure function alterations of olfactory organ are systematically studied by electrophysiological and histological method, and the detoxifcation of Ca 2+ on Hg 2+ or Cd 2+ is also studied. The results are shown as follows: 1) Both of Hg 2+ and Cd 2+ are effective inhibitors on the EOG responses, and the inhibitions become stronger with the increasing of the ions concentration and prolonging of the polluted time. The IC 50 (concentration which inhibited respoonses by 50%) values of Hg 2+ and Cd 2+ are 67.73 μg/L and 33.90 μg/L, respectively. The inhibitory effect of Cd 2+ is stronger than that of Hg 2+ . 2) The inhibiting effects of the mixtures containing Ca 2+ (80 mg/L)+Hg 2+ or Ca 2+ (80 mg/L) + Cd 2+ weaker than that of single heavy metal ion with the same concentration, and the detoxifcation of Ca 2+ on Hg 2+ poisoned fish is much more pronounced than that of Cd 2+ . The results indicate that Ca 2+ has some detoxifcation on the Hg 2+ and Cd 2+ poisoned fish. 3) After 15 days exposure to four polluting solution of 10、50 μg/L Hg 2+ or Cd 2+ respectively, the olfactory epithelium of all polluted fish are observed different degree damage by light microscopy. In the low concentration groups, the main alteration is the hypertrophy of mucous cells in the non sensory region. In the high concentration groups, some vacuoles appear in the regional olfactory epithelium; some cells spill over the surface of olfactory epithelium from the region of dead sensory cells. When the olfactory epithelium of Tilapia. SP is exposed to the mixture containing 80 mg/L Ca 2+ and 10 μg/L Hg 2+ or Cd 2+ , no changes is observed by light microscopy. But mixture groups containing 80 mg/L Ca 2+ and 50 μg/L Hg 2+ or Cd 2+ , olfactory epithelium has cellular shrinkage and no vacuole presented.国家自然科学基金资助项目!( 39770 10 2

The study of inhibitoru eFFect of Hg--(2+) on respiratory movement of grouper (Epinephelua akaara)

本文用微机记录、分析,实验数据用勒让特正交多项式拟合处理,研究致死浓度Hg--(2+)溶液(0.5、1Mg/l)对石斑鱼呼吸运动的抑制作用,初步探讨Hg--(2+)中毒致死的可能机理。Grouper (Epinephelua akaara)was used to study the inhibitory eFFect of respiratory movement on lethal concentration of mercury (0.5,1mg/l).The experimental data were recorded and analyzed by computer, then the data were counted by Legender orthogonal polynomial.The paper discusses the probably mechanism of the death

Inhibition of Cd 2+ ,Hg 2+ and Pb 2+ on EOG responses of Tilapia sp.

将不同浓度Cd2＋、Hg2＋、Pb2＋液分别灌注罗非鱼嗅觉器官，研究其对EOg反应的影响。结果表明，这3种离子对EOg反应均呈抑制效应，抑制作用的大小与金属离子的种类及浓度有关，Cd2＋、Hg2＋、Pb2＋有效IC50分别为33.91、67.73、191.44μg/l；毒性顺序为：Cd2＋＞Hg2＋＞Pb2＋。Solutions of Cd 2+ ,Hg 2+ and Pb 2+ with different concentrations were poured into olfactory organs of Tilapia sp.Their electro-olfactogram(EOG) responses to the 3 ions were recorded.The EOG responses declined during the fish's exposure to Cd 2+ ,Hg 2+ and Pb 2+ solutions.The inhibitory degree was relative to the kind of metal and its concentration.The effective IC 50 of the 3 kinds of ions were 33.9,67.73 and 191.44 μg /L, respectively.The sequence of toxicty was Cd 2+ >Hg 2+ >Pb 2+ .福建省自然科学基金;国家自然科学基

RSE of 15 general amino acids for fish's olfactory receptor Oreochromis sp.

用 1 5种常见氨基酸刺激罗非鱼嗅上皮 ,观察由此引起的嗅电反应 (嗅电图 ,下简EOG) ,研究各种氨基酸对嗅觉的相对有效刺激性 (下简RSE) .结果表明 :① 1 5种氨基酸对鱼类嗅觉的RSE顺序如下 :L Ser >L Met >L Lys >DL Met >L Arg >DL Ser>L Cys>L Asn >L Thr >L His >L Ala >L Glu >DL Pho >L Phe >L Asp ;②在 6种鱼类必需氨基酸中 ,RSE的排列顺序为 :L Met >L Lys >L Arg >L Thr>L His >L Phe ;③氨基酸对鱼类嗅觉的RSE与其结构有关Electrophysiological responses (EOG) are obtained from olfactory receptor of Oreochromis,sp., using fifteen amino acids stimulus, and the relative stimulating effectiveness (RSE) between fifteen amino acids are compare . The results indicated that: ① The RSE order of fifteen amino acids is as follows: L Ser >L Met> L Lys>DL Met>L Arg>DL Ser>L Cys>L Asn>L Thr>L His>L Ala>L Glu> DL Pho>L Phe>L Asp. ②Among six necessary amino acids. The RSE order is as follows: L Met>L Lys>L Arg>L Thr>L His>L Phe. ③ The RSE of amino acids is relatea to the molecular structure characteristic in fish's olfactory receptor.国家自然科学基金!资助项目 (39770 10 2

STUDY ON THE TOXIC EFFECTS OF Cu~(2+) OR Zn~(2+) ON FISH'S (OREOCHROMIS SP.) OLFACTORY ORGAN AND THE TOXIC MECHANISM

针对重金属对鱼类嗅觉毒性的研究,在组织学、行为学、电生理学及免疫细胞化学等方面已有报道。在所涉及的重金属中,有关Gu~(2+)的研究相对多些,且侧重于Cu~(2+)对鱼类嗅觉结构及功能的影响和解毒方法等研究(Rehnberg et al.,1986;Bjerselius et al.,1993;Winberg et al.,1992:Saucier et al.,1995;柴敏娟等,1999),有关Zn~(2+)对鱼类影响方面的The effects of copper and zinc ions on the electro-olfactogram (EOG) of Oreochromis sp. were studied by perfusing 4 different concentrations of CuSO4 and ZnSO4 solutions through the olfactory organs for 90 minutes, followed by rinsing with the clean water for 60 minutes. The EOG responses were evoked by stimulating the olfactory epithelium with 10-5mol/L-serine for 10 sec during the period. Combined with the histology study, we explored preliminarily the mechanism of poisoning.The results indicated: 1) that copper ions and zinc ions had inhibitory effect on EOG responses; the larger the concentration of the metal ions, the greater was the inhibitory effect; the inhibitory effect of copper ions was greater than that of zinc ions; 2) that during the period of washing by clean water, recoveries of olfactory responses in the lower concentration groups was rapid, the response amplitudes could recover completely, but that the recoveries of the higher concentration groups were slower and not complete; 3) that high concentration of copper ions and zinc ions caused damnification in the sensory area and insensory area of the olfactory epithelium, that the damnification by copper ions was greater than that by zinc ions.国家自然科学基金资助项目,39770102

Effects of Ca2+ on fish's EOG and Exploration of detoxified

研究四种浓度CA--(2+)溶液对罗非鱼嗅电图(ElECTrO-OlfACTOgrAM,简称EOg)的影响,探讨CA--(2+)对重金属中毒鱼的解毒效应,并讨论其可能机制。结果表明,1CA--(2+)对罗非鱼EOg具双重效应;2CA--(2+)能使重金属中毒鱼的EOg幅值增高,反映其具有一定的解毒作用,效果顺序为Hg--(2+)>Cu--(2+)>zn--(2+)>Cd--(2+);3CA--(2+)对Cu--(2+)+zn--(2+)混合液也具一定解毒作用。The effects of Ca2+ with four different concentrations on the electro-olfactogran (EOG) of fish (Oreochromis Sp.) are investigated by electrophysiological method.The paper discusses detoxification of Ca2+ and possible mechanism in the poisoned fish of heavy metal.The results indicate as follow:(1) Ca2+ has dual effect on the EOG of the fish.(2) The amplitude of EOG can be increased by Ca2+ in the polluted fish of single heavy metal, and the result shows Ca2+ to poisoned fish take on some detoxification, in addition, the sequence of detoxification is Hg2+>Cu2+>Zn2+>Cd2+.(3) Ca2+ also reduce certain toxicity in the poisoned fish of Cu2++Zn2+ mixture.国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:39770102);福建省自然科学基金项目(C96005号

EFFects of Cu-(2+) and Zn-(2+) on opercular movement in Tilapia sp.

本文研究结果表明：（1）水体中含Cu2+和zn2+的浓度越高，鱼中毒越深，鳃盖运动振幅的增大和频率的减小就越显著。（2）Cu2+/zn2+混合液对鳃盖运动的影响具明显的协同作用，它的致毒效应分别为单一因子的3~5倍。（3）毒性次序：5x10-6Cu2+/50x10-6zn2+＞2.5x10-6Cu2+/25x10-6zn2+＞5x10-6Cu2+＞50x10-6zn2+（V/V）。（4）频繁的咳嗽反应是zn2+中毒的主要症状，驱逐反射是Cu2+中毒的主要症状，两者均可作为单一和混合重金属离子污染的敏感生物学监测指标。The results From the study on the eFFects of Cu2+,Zn2+ or their mixed liquid on opercular movement of Fish are as Follows: (1) The higher the Cu2+ or Zn2+ concentration, the deeper the Fish was poisoned.It is quite obvious that the amplitude of opercular movement increased and decreased in Frequency.(2) Apparently there is synergism From the eFFects of Cu2+/Zn2+mixed solution on opercular movement.The toxic eFFicacy is 3-5 times than that of single ion.(3) The sequence of toxicity is 5 ×10-6Cu2+/50 ×10-6Zn2+>2.5 ×10-6Cu2+/25 × 10-6Zn2+>5 × 10-6Cu2+ >50 × 10-6Zn2+ (V/V).(4)Cough response is the main sympton of Zn2+,expulsion reFlex is the symptom of Cu2+.Both cough response and expulsion reFlex may be used as biological index of heavy metal pollution.福建省自然科学基